拼焊板技术在汽车覆盖件中的应用

拼焊板成形汽车覆盖件具有安全、节能、减重等优点而符合国内外汽车工业发展的方向.对拼焊板的焊接方法、材料应用、冲压成形性能分析、拼焊板成形极限图的建立方法和有限元分析焊缝建模方式进行了综述.针对我国汽车工业拼焊发展现状,提出了当前需要解决的主要问题.     

铝拼焊板在车身覆盖件冲压成形中的应用研究

介绍了国内外铝合金拼焊板技术的应用和研究成果，重点论述了铝合金拼焊板的材料选择、焊接技术、冲压成形及其变形特点、有限元分析技术和生产技术，剖析了铝合金拼焊板应用于车身覆盖件存在的主要问题．研究认为，影响铝合金拼焊板成形性的最关键因素是焊接，拼焊板材料、焊缝冶金质量、主应变方向、拼焊板厚度比值、强度比值、焊缝位置、焊缝移动等都是必须考虑的因素；铝合金拼焊板具有与钢拼焊板不同的特点和成形规律，比钢拼焊板更难成形；铝合金拼焊板技术还存在许多问题，如成形极限、起皱、回弹、焊缝位移、焊接质量等有待研究；同时，还应发展新的铝合金和降低铝合金拼焊板的成本。通过分析，提出了解决问题的基本思路，并预测了铝合金拼焊板的发展前景和趋势。     

变压边力对差厚拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形质量的影响

与单板相比,由于料厚比(或强度比)、焊缝性能以及成形过程中焊缝移动的影响,使拼焊板成形更为复杂。拼焊板拉深是拼焊板冲压成形中最典型成形工艺,影响拼焊板拉深成形质量的主要因素有压边力、模具几何参数、料厚比和摩擦条件等。其中,压边力的大小及加载方式对拉深成形极限及焊缝移动有着显著影响。本文采用数值模拟技术,研究了拼焊板方盒形件拉深成形过程中变压边力方案对焊缝移动及成形极限的影响规律。研究表明可以通过调整焊缝两侧板料压边力的大小,使得在尽可能满足成形深度的同时减少焊缝移动,从而提高拼焊板方盒形件的成形质量。     

铝合金拼焊板盒形件拉深中压边力分析及优化

利用焊缝模型、单元类型、材料的本构关系,建立铝合金拼焊板盒形件拉深成形有限元模型.以有限元数值模拟为主要方法分析了压边力对拼焊板拉深成形质量的影响、焊缝的移动规律和焊缝附近金属的变形情况;针对不等厚拼焊板的成形特点,采用薄、厚测不同压边力对成形过程进行优化.研究结果表明,压边力对拼焊板拉伸成形中焊缝及附近区域变形有明显影响,采用不同压边力技术能够在一定程度上提高拼焊板盒形拉深件成形质量.     

激光拼焊板破裂判据的建立及成形极限预测

为准确判断差厚高强钢激光拼焊板何时、何处发生破裂,在失效行为研究的基础上建立一种新的破裂判据.该破裂判据为:在建立拼焊板左半边成形极限图时,凸模载荷达到最大值时拼焊板发生破裂;在建立拼焊板右半边成形极限图时,拼焊板应变路径向平面应变状态漂移时破裂发生.基于该破裂判据,结合对高强钢拼焊板成形极限试验的仿真,建立其成形极限图.预测结果与试验数据吻合较好,验证了拼焊板破裂判据的正确性和有效性.基于建立的破裂判据,结合对拼焊板成形极限试验的有限元仿真,能够准确、快速获得差厚高强钢激光拼焊板的成形极限图.     

激光拼焊板圆锥形件拉深成形影响因素分析

以激光拼焊板圆锥形件为研究对象,基于Dynaform软件平台建立了拼焊板圆锥形件拉深成形的有限元预测模型,利用恒定不等的分块压边实验验证了有限元模型的预测精度,利用该模型分析了拼焊板圆锥形件拉深成形的特点及主要缺陷形式,得出了不同工艺参数对拼焊板圆锥形件的极限成形深度的影响规律以及侧壁起皱和焊缝移动两种主要缺陷形式的影响规律,该研究对拼焊板圆锥形件拉深成形工艺制定和参数选取具有一定指导意义。     

拼焊板锥盒形件拉深成形压边力控制研究

以拼焊板锥盒形件为研究对象,基于有限元数值模拟软件LS-DYNAFORM,建立了拼焊板锥盒形件拉深成形的有限元数值模拟模型。综合考虑破裂、起皱和焊缝移动等问题,研究了不同压边力控制方案对拼焊板锥盒形件拉深成形的影响。以获得满足特定成形深度要求下焊缝移动量最小的锥盒形件为目标,提出了拼焊板锥盒形件拉深成形过程中较优的压边力控制方案,为进一步开展拼焊板锥盒形件拉深成形过程控制技术的研究奠定了基础。     

基于遗传算法优化神经网络的拼焊板压边力预测

通过数值模拟与神经网络技术对拼焊板盒形件拉深成形过程中的压边力预测问题进行研究.运用数值模拟分析压边力加载形式对拼焊板盒形件成形性能的影响,找到一种较优的变压边力加载方式.建立适用于拼焊板盒形件拉深成形压边力预测的BP神经网络模型.采用遗传算法对神经网络模型进行优化,在基因选择过程中加入精英保留策略,最终通过基于遗传算法优化的神经网络模型获取了理想的压边力曲线,用以预测随拉深行程变化的压边力数值,为实现智能化冲压奠定了技术基础.     

自蔓延焊条的焊接工艺性研究

研究了焊药密实度、焊前预热、焊接速度、试板厚度和后热等对自蔓延焊条的焊接工艺性影响规律.结果发现,当药粉密度在2.60~2.80g/cm3时,自蔓延焊条燃烧速度为10.5mm/s,焊接可控性好.焊前350℃预热可以增加焊接熔深,实现单面焊双面成形效果.焊接速度取决于试板厚度,提高焊接速度明显降低较厚试板的焊透性和焊接效果.后热对自蔓延焊条工艺性能没有显著影响.     

热处理对B1500HS钢激光拼焊板力学性能的影响

利用单轴拉伸试验机、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散谱仪、光学显微镜、维氏硬度仪等研究了热处理前后B1500HS钢激光拼焊板的淬火性能.结果表明:热处理前B1500HS钢拼焊板焊缝强度远高于母材区,硬度分布极不均匀;热处理后,B1500HS钢拼焊板的元素分布几乎没有变化,整体强度有了大幅的提高,但塑性下降程度较大,其中横向塑性最差,经维氏硬度测试,发现焊缝至母材区的硬度过渡平滑.硬度值平滑过渡使得应力和应变分布更加均匀,保证了母材和焊缝力学性能的良好连续性,可以显著提高B1500HS钢拼焊板的成形性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that