Heterologe Transplantation von Tumoren bei Vorbehandlung der Empfängertiere mit Gewebe der Spendertiere während der Embryonalzeit

Summary Rats were treated during embryonic life with mouse tissue. When these rats had reached a weight of 50 g they were implanted with the Crocker sarcoma S 180 of the mouse. These heterologous tumors grew to a large size but not indefinitely.

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Die Arbeit wurde mit Hilfe des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung durchgeführt.     

Genetisch bedingte Tumoren und der Gehalt an freien Aminosäuren beiNicotiana

Summary The amphidiploid hybrid ofNicotiana glauca ×N. langsdorffi, producing tumors spontaneously, contains essentially more of the following free amino acids than the inital species: cystine, histamine, oxyproline, alanine, kynurenine, tryptophane, and a non-identified ninhydrine positive substance. It is supposed that the abnormally high content of free amino acids is connected with the spontaneous formation of tumors.

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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Surrénalite autoimmune expérimentale chez la souris

Summary In CF 1 mice, by injection of surrenalian tissue mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant, we have induced an immune surrenalitis with auto-antibodies. The lesions are maximal on day 15 but they are only transitory.

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Travail du Laboratorie d'Hygène, Faculté de Médecine de Lyon, service du ProfesseurThivolet.

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Avec l'aide technique de MlleGermain.     

Influence du sexe,de la carcinogénèse et de la vie en milieu exempt de germe sur la concentration tissulaire en une β-glycoprotéine

Summary We show by quantitative radial diffusion in agarose that a -glycoprotein of tumoral origin present in the lungs, spleen, bone marrow and tumors is present in variable concentrations according to the sex, environment and cycle of experimental tumor development.

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Travail subventionné par l'Institut du Cancer du Canada.     

Der qualitative und quantitative Nachweis der «fixen Luft» (1756), ein Wendepunkt in der Geschichte der Chemie und Biologie

Summary Reference is made to a treatise published in 1756 byJoseph Black (1728–1799), which was the first work to contain conclusive evidence of a gas bound to solid bodies; and in this connection the historical significance of the earliest studies on carbon dioxide is emphasised. Attention is drawn in particular to a subject about which little has hitherto been known,i.e., the use whichBlack and his contemporaries (notablyDavid Macbride) made of this discovery by applying it to animal and human physiology.

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Eine ausführlichere Würdigung dieses geschichtlichen Sachverhalts erscheint in Gesnerus (Schweiz)1956, Heft 3/4.     

Untersuchungen über die Wirkung von Kinetin auf Kallus und Tumoren bei Organkulturen vonNicotiana glauca,N. langsdorffii und deren amphidiploiden Bastard

Summary In leaf cultures ofNicotiana glauca, N. langsdorffii, and their amphidiploid hybrid, callus growth or tumor formation is enhanced by kinetin, depending on its concentration. Of the 2 species and their hybrid, maximum response was found in the hybrid, less inN. glauca, the slightest response being found inN. langsdorffii. These facts confirm the earlier finding of a connection between callus-forming potency inN. glauca and tumor formation in its hybrid.

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Den Herren Prof. Dr.G. de Lattin (Zoologisches Institut der Universität des Saarlandes) und Prof. Dr.F. Anders (Genetisches Institut der Justus Liebig-Universität, Giessen) bin ich für die Förderung dieser Arbeit zu grösstem Dank verpflichtet.     

Zum Mechanismus der Immuncytolyse durch heterologe Antikörper und Komplement

Summary Heterologous antibodies of the Ehrlich ascites tumor, in the presence of complement, cause a rapid drop of the ATP in the cells of this tumor. Probably there is a relation between this effect and the immune cytolysis.

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FräuleinMarianne Kaestner und FrauChrista Duba danke ich für ihre gewissenhafte Mitarbeit. Die Untersuchungen wurden 1957–1959 am Max-Planck-Institut für Virusforschung in Tübingen und am Pathologischen Institut der Universität München, zum Teil mit Mitteln der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, durchgeführt.     

Purin- und Pyrimidinbasen der Desoxyribonukleinsäure des Ehrlichschen Mäuse-Ascites-Karzinomas

Summary The proportion of purines and pyrimidines in the DNA of the Ehrlich mouse ascites carcinoma is examined and compared with the base proportion of the DNA from liver and kidney of the normal mouse. The following findings were obtained: The DNA of the ascites tumor contains more guanine and less cytosine and thymine than the DNA of the normal mouse. For guanine this difference is statistically significant. The changed base compound is discussed with regard to the changed growing rate in tumors and the altered chromosome structure in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.

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Durchgeführt mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Beitrag zur Ätiologie der Hexenbesenkrankheit der KakteeOpuntia tuna (=tuna monstrosa)

Summary Mycoplasma-like bodies, as well as virus-like particles, were observed in phloem elements ofOpuntia tuna monstrosa. The mycoplasma-like bodies, but not the virus-like particles, disappeared in tetracycline hydrochloride treated plants, which indicated a mycoplasma etiology of the witches' broom disease ofOpuntia tuna.

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This investigation was supported, in part, by a grant from the National Science Foundation No. GB-11861, Washington, D.C.     

Über die Orientierung bei der Kondensation von Benzil mit monosubstituierten Guanidinen

Summary Condensation of benzil with two monosubstituted guanidines in the presence of 50 mol% of potassium hydroxide leads to the formation of 2-(subst. imino)-4, 4-diphenyl-imidazolidin-5-ones (Ia, b); by reduction of the potassium hydroxide used the formation of these products is more or less driven back in favour of the formation of 3-substituted 5, 5-diphenyl-glycocyamidines (Ic, d). A possible explanation for these orientation phenomena is given.

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5. Mitteilung über Hydantoine, Thiohydantoine und Glykocyamidine².

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4. Mitteilung sieheK. Lempert undJ. Breuer Chem. Ber.92, 1710 (1959).     

Hachweis von individualspezifischen Gewebsantikörpern

Summary Injection of homologous tissue or tissue extracts and homologous transplantation of skin in rabbits provoke the production of antibodies. By means of a new nephelometric method, acquired antibodies against homologous tissue circulating in the serum were found. This tissue-antibody seems to be an individual-specific one, reacting with all organs of the donor. The antibody is thermolabile and not dialysable.

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Die Arbeit wurde mit Hilfe des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung durchgeführt.     

In vitro primary immune response resulting from the interaction between bone marrow-derived and thymus cells

Riassunto Globuli rossi di pecora inducono in vitro, in colture miste di cellule spleniche di topi timectomizzati e timociti di topi normali, una risposta immune di tipo emolitico paragonabile a quella di cellule spleniche di topi normali. I dati indicano che la risposta immune delle colture miste risulta dall'interazione dell'antigene con timociti e cellule spleniche di origine midollare.

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Supported by CNEN-Euratom Association Contract. Publication No. 512 of the Euratom Biology Division.     

Studies on the process of mouse meiosis and ovulation with daunomycin

Zusammenfassung Der Effekt von Daunomycin auf weibliche Keimzellen wurde untersucht und mit bereits bekannten Befunden an somatischen Zellen verglichen. Es finden sich Unterschiede, die für das Wissen über die Effekte chemischer Mutagene auf den Säuger von Interesse sind.

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Generously made available by Farmitalia, Milan, Italy.

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Acknowledgment. The work described above was made possible by grants from The National Foundation — March of Dimes and the National Institutes of Health (Grant No. NICHD 5-RO1-HD-05862-01), USA.     

Etude comparée de la composition en oses et en amino-acides de la transferrine et de la lactotransferrine humaines

Summary A comparative study of human lactotransferrin and transferrin has been made with respect to sugar and amino acid composition. The authors conclude that there are significant differences between both types of glycoproteids, which confirm the specificity of lactotransferrin previously demonstrated by physico-chemical and immunological analysis.

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Ce travail a été réalisé grace à une subvention de la Délégation Générale à la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (Contrat 61-FR-170) à laquelle nous adressons nos plus vifs remerciements.

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Avec la collaboration technique de MM.F. Decamps etG. Decroix.

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Avec la collaboration technique de MadameM. P. Louchez et de MesdemoisellesR. Carpentier etM. T. Picque.     

Cell-mediated immunity associated with long term transplantation resistance to a syngeneic tumour of spontaneous origin. Detection by two in vitro tests

Résumé Deux tests in vitro ont permis de détecter une immunité cellulaire antitumorale chez des rats résistant à la transplantation d'un sarcome d'origine spontanée (ISIS₁₃₀). Ces résultats sont une indication supplémentaire de la présence d'antigènes associés aux tumeurs sur ces cellules.

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The authors are indebted to Dr.D. Jovanovic whose help was invaluable in setting up cytotoxicity tests for our system. The reliable technical help of Mrs.Vanderbruggen-Willems and Mr.G. Duquaine was greatly appreciated.

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The present work was supported by a grant from the Caisse Générale d'Epargne et de Retraite (Belgium).     

Kalium-Austausch zwischen Plasma und Erythrozyten beim Karzinom

Summary The erythrocytes of mice inoculated with Ehrlich-ascites-tumor growing in the solid form interchange their potassium ions with those of the plasma at a more rapid rate than the erythrocytes of controls. This difference is also observed when the erythrocytes of tumor mice are incubated in normal plasma.When normal erythrocytes are incubated in plasma of tumor mice, an accelerated potassium interchange is also observed.

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Der Dank des Verfassers gilt Herrn Prof.G. v. Hevesy für sein förderndes Interesse und der Riksföreningen mot caucer für die Unterstützung dieser Untersuchungen.     

Die Rouleau-Bildung der Rindererythrocyten

Summary Not a trace of rouleau formation could be observed with native beef erythrocytes under varying conditions. A typical rouleau formation and a markedly increased sedimentation rate could, however, be elicited when the surface layer of the beef erythrocytes was carefully removed with proteolytic enzymes. This is an additional evidence that the beef erythrocytes are enveloped in a surface sheet, which inhibits their hemagglutination and their rouleau formation. Papain is a proteolytic enzyme, which is inactive regarding rouleau formation. Lysolecithin disintegrates the rouleaus, albumin restores them.

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Diese Arbeit wurde von der H.-Buss-Stiftung (Basel) unterstützt.     

Etude comparative de l'effet de la thymosine et d'un extrait de cultures cellulaires épithéliales thymiques sur la production d'anticorps

Summary A thymic extract (TE) was preparated from supernatant of mice thymic epithelial cultures according to the purification of thymosin. TE and thymosin stimulated, in vitro, the immune response of mouse against sheep red blood cells.

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Les auteurs remercient Mademoiselle Condemine Florence pour son aide technique durant ce travail.     

Eine neue Umlagerungsreaktion und ein neues Prinzip zum Aufbau von Peptidketten

Summary In a series of model reactions, it is shown that residues of-aminoacids may be inserted by a particular rearrangement into certain carboxyl or carbonylamido groups. Repeated insertion results in the formation of a peptide derivative. It is concluded that natural peptides or proteins must not necessarily be formed by head to tail combination of aminoacids. Other implications of the new principle are discussed.

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Vorgetragen am XIV. Internationalen Kongress für Reine und Angewandte Chemie, 21. bis 27. Juli 1955, Zürich.     

Phosphatidyl-N-(2 hydroxyethyl)-alanine synthesis of distearoyl L-α-glycerylphosphoryl-N-(2 hydroxyethyl)-alanine

Zusammenfassung Die erste Synthese eines Phosphatidyl-N-(2 hydroxyethyl)-alanins wird beschrieben.

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Dedicated to Professor Dr.Erich Baer in honour of his 70th birthday.

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The nomenclature used in this communication is that used byFischer andBaer for well-nigh 4 decades. However, according to the rules of IUPAC-IUB commission this should be 1,2-distearoylsn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-alanine.

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The authors thank the National Institute of Health (USA) and the Medical Research Council (Canada) for making the grants available to ProfessorE. Baer, which made this work possible.

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The authors thank Dr.J. von Euw and Professor Dr.T. Reichstein of the University of Basel (Switzerland) for kindly providing the rotation. As the optical purity is a very important criterion of the activity of the phospholipids; this has been determined on the Schmid and Heansch polarimeter (visual) as well as on the Perkin Elmer polarimeter (photoelectric) with excellent agreement.