我国开征环境税存在的难点及建议

经过近年的发展演变，目前发达国家的环境税主要包括大气污染税、水污染税、噪声税、固体废物税和生态税，发达国家环境税制的实施，表明了环境税制在促进经济、社会与自然协调发展中的积极作用。而随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和不断完善、环境保护事业的不断深入，但目前我国还不存在真正意义上的环境税。因此，借鉴国际经验，在我国建立统一的环境税制度已经非常必要。     

房地产税制改革与开征物业税探析

房地产税收制度是否合理对房地产业能否健康的发展起着重要的作用。而我国目前的房地产税制弊端日益突出．主要表现在：税种繁杂、重复征税，课税范围狭窄、税负结构不合理、计税依据失当、税率设置不合理，税制本身存在有欠公平之处等。本文在深刻剖析上述问题的基础上，通过借鉴国际经验，提出了我国房地产税制的改革方向，包括房地产税制应实行增值税制度，以增值税作为房地产的主税。以及将现行土地出让金、房产税、城市房地产税、城镇土地使用税、土地增值税等税费合并，转化为房地产保有阶段统一收取的物业税。     

论中国共产党发展观探索的历史启示

发展是时代的主题，寻求适合中国的发展道路是中国共产党人不懈追求的目标，建国以来中国共产党领导中国发展半个多世纪的历程，是不懈探索科学发展的历程，也是不断走向科学发展的历程。在探索的过程中既有深刻的教训也积累了丰富的经验，这些经验和教训，对于我们今天更好地落实科学发展观，指导我国未来的科学发展提供了重要的启示。     

浅谈我国房地产税收制度的改革

房地产税制的改革是地方税制改革的突破口,我们在借鉴参考国际经验的同时,应积极结合我国国情,通过税制结构调整、修订与完善,建立具有中国特色的房地产税收制度。     

企业所得税改革刍议

税收制度，向来是一个国家经济制度的重要组成部分，税收制度合理与否，在很大程度上制约着经济的发展水平。各国政府都致力于最大程度上保证税收制度与经济制度和经济发展水平的相辅相成，税制改革更应当与经济改革、会计制度改革同步进行。在现代税制中，所得税占有重要的地位，在我国更是如此。我国政府一直把所得税的改革和不断完善作为税制改革的一项重要内容。1994年的税制改革，确定了内资企业适用《企业所得税暂行条例》、外资企业适用《外商投资企业和外国企业所得税法》的所得税税制结构。这一制度符合当时的经济形式和经济发展需要，在二十多年的经济发展过程中，在招商引资、引进国外先进技术和管理经验等方面，起到了重要的作用。但是，随着我国现代企业制度的基本确立和国际经济地位的不断提高特别是我国加入WTO以后，“两税并存”的所得税制度暴露出许多问题，比如造成内外资企业税负的不公平，两套运行机制带来的征管成本的提高和对税收中性的违背等等。本文将从这些问题入手，分析问题的症结，提出统一内外资企业所得税制，从而根本解决这些问题的初步想法。     

地方税务管理信息系统建设浅议

随着我国新税制的不断完善和税收征管改革的逐步深化,利用现代化的科学技术成果实现税收信息化,特别是在税收征管领域,实现以计算机网络为依托的税收征管现代化已势在必行.税务系统的计算机应用经历了从单机到网络;从局域网到广域网;从简单的应用软件开发到管理信息系统建设.在这过程中我们有成功的经验,也有失败的教训,本文将对我省地方税务系统的管理信息系统建设历程作一简单回顾并对现在和今后一段时间的工作提出一些想法.     

西方政府改革与管理模式转换

介绍了当代西方国家面临困境而进行改革的四种模式以及传统模式与后层级制之间的区别，提出了借鉴西方国家的教训和经验，改革我国政府管理的设想。     

上世纪50年代我国高等学校院系调整综述

回顾了50年代院系调整的社会背景以及整个调整过程，综述了80年代以来学界对此次院系调整的看法，总结了此次院系调整的经验和教训，以期对我国高等教育的改革和发展有所助益。     

中国税制改革

我国现行的税制还是在1994年税制改革之后确立的，伴随社会的进步以及我国经济的快速发展，现行的税制体制已经暴露出一些问题，现行税制体制与当前社会主义市场经济体制之间的矛盾日益加深。     

关于深化我国电力改革的几点思考

深化我国电力改革，必须坚持科学发展观，积极稳妥地推进；应走市场化取向，按市场规律办事；应注意借鉴和汲取国内外的经验和教训。从而使电力行业更好地服务于我国的经济社会发展，服务于人民大众。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the