化学镀Ni—P镀层表面脆性的研究

用刚性球体压入法并结合声发射技术测定了化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ镀层的表面脆性。试验结果指出，Ｎｉ－Ｐ镀层的表面脆性随热处理的温度、时间以及基体硬度的增加而降低，临界载荷Ｐｃ反映出了化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ镀层表面脆性的变化规律，但仍属定性范围；临界应力σｒｃ能定量地反映化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ镀层的表面脆性。     

镍磷化学镀层对基体材料疲劳损伤过程的影响分析

在微观层面上分析了Ni-P化学镀层及晶化处理Ni-P化学镀,两种层对基体疲劳裂纹萌生过程的影响.微观观察表明,由于经晶化处理Ni-P化学镀的脆性显著提高,且与基体的结合力进一步加强,在镀层中更容易形成疲劳裂纹,并且裂纹更加容易向基体扩展,结果使试样的疲劳寿命大幅下降.     

化学镀Ni-P层对铜焊接性能的影响

铜具有良好的导电导热性,在电子工业上已得到广泛的应用,但过高的导热率会导致焊接时出现焊接缺陷。通过表面处理,可以改善铜的焊接性能。由化学镀技术在纯铜导线表面沉积Ni-P层,研究镀层对铜材焊接性能的影响。结果表明,化学镀Ni-P层含Ni和Ni3P相,微观组织均匀致密。Ni-P镀层的存在改善了锡层与铜基材的结合性能,Sn/Cu界面无明显缺陷。经化学镀Ni-P处理后,铜的抗氧化能力得到了提高,改善了锡焊料在铜表面的润湿性。     

敏活化处理对铸铁表面Ni-P化学镀层性能的影响

针对铸铁表面化学镀层由于石墨的存在而产生孔隙多、致密度低的问题,研究了铸铁表面敏活化工艺对镀层孔隙率的影响.同时,采用全浸泡腐蚀试验,系统研究了经敏活化处理后Ni-P化学镀层在NaOH、NaCl、HCl、H2SO4和HNO3溶液中的耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:敏活化处理可以大大降低铸铁表面Ni-P化学镀层的孔隙率,提高其致密性;敏活化处理后的Ni-P化学镀层比未经过敏活化处理的Ni-P镀层具有更优异的耐酸、耐碱、耐盐腐蚀性能,并且镀层在盐和碱性腐蚀液中的耐腐蚀性优于酸性腐蚀液.     

化学镀Ni-P-WC复合镀层的微观结构研究

采用化学镀方法制备了Ni-P-WC复合镀层,并通过扫描电子显微镜的二次电子和背散射电子成像模式以及特征X射线衍射研究了该复合镀层的微观形貌和元素组成及含量.实验结果表明:在Ni-P-WC复合镀层中,纳米WC颗粒与Ni-P组织络合紧密,WC的总含量约27wt.%;与Ni-P镀层的光滑平整表面相比,Ni-P-WC复合镀层表...     

纳米碳管化学复合镀层组织、沉积机理及性能

了进一步提高Ni-P镀层的耐腐蚀磨损性能,采用化学镀的方法,使纳米碳管与Ni-P合金共沉积在45#钢表面,分析了复合镀层的沉积过程、组织结构,研究了纳米碳管复合镀层的腐蚀及磨损性能。研究表明：复合镀层中纳米碳管与Ni-P以化学键结合,Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层具有较优异的耐腐蚀磨性能。     

空心微珠表面化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的研究

火电厂粉煤灰空心微珠具有颗粒细、中空、质轻、高强、耐磨、耐高温、保温绝热、绝缘阻燃等多种性能,常作为复合材料的填料而得到广泛应用.采用硝酸银代替氯化钯为活化剂,在空心微珠表面化学镀 Ni-P合金镀层,用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDX)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对其进行分析表征.结果表明,以硝酸银代替氯化钯为活化剂,在空心微珠表面能得到Ni-P合金镀层.并分析了以硝酸银代替氯化钯为活化剂制备Ni-P镀层的形成机理.     

稀土元素化学镀镍工艺及防腐性能研究

研究了在稀土元素存在条件下 ,钢铁表面进行化学镀Ni-P合金时其镀液成分对镀层的影响 ,检验了镀层的耐腐蚀性。结果表明 :用最佳工艺镀得的镀层较厚 ,耐腐蚀性能较好 ,镀层光亮、致密     

空心微珠表面化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的研究

火电厂粉煤灰空心微珠具有颗粒细、中空、质轻、高强、耐磨、耐高温、保温绝热、绝缘阻燃等多种性能,常作为复合材料的填料而得到广泛应用.采用硝酸银代替氯化钯为活化剂,在空心微珠表面化学镀Ni-P合金镀层,用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDX)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对其进行分析表征.结果表明,以硝酸银代替氯化钯为活化剂,在空心微珠表面能得到Ni-P合金镀层.并分析了以硝酸银代替氯化钯为活化剂制备Ni-P镀层的形成机理.     

化学镀非晶态Ni-P及Ni-Sn-P镀层在弱酸性介质中耐蚀性研究

以紫铜为基体,采用化学镀制备了非晶态Ni-P,Ni-Sn-P镀层.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱(EDS)等对镀层的结构、微观形貌及元素组成进行分析.通过Tafel极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、开路电位监测及室内加速腐蚀试验,研究两种镀层在pH=5.5,w_(NaCl)=3.5%,以及pH=5.5,wS=20%的土壤介质中的耐蚀性能.结果表明,化学镀非晶态Ni-P及Ni-Sn-P镀层的自腐蚀电流密度是裸铜的4.5%和1.2%,两种镀层在酸性腐蚀介质中具有比金属铜更好的耐蚀性,并且化学镀Ni-Sn-P镀层耐蚀性优于Ni-P镀层.两种镀层的自腐蚀电位均负于铜.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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