松风草大小孢子发生与雌雄配子体的形成研究

松风草(Boenninghausenia albiflora(Hook)reichb ex Meisn)大小孢子发育与雌雄配子体的形成研究结果如下:4小孢子囊,成熟花药表皮消失,药室内壁纤维化.中层2层,绒毡层细胞多具多核,腺质绒毡层,小孢子母细胞减数分裂正常,胞质分裂为同时型,四面体形四分体,其成熟花粉二细胞型.胚珠横生,双珠被,厚珠心,珠孔为双珠被构成;成熟胚囊外珠被完全纤维化;大孢子孢原细胞2~3个,其中1个发育为大孢子母细胞,大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成直线四分体,合点端的大孢子为功能大孢子,珠孔端3个大孢子退化.胚囊发育为蓼型,雌配子体为由七细胞八核胚囊,完全成熟胚囊反足细胞退化,中央细胞形成,形成四细胞四核胚囊,其卵器发育良好,雌雄配子体发育不同步.     

巨峰葡萄大孢子发生和雌配子体发育过程的研究

巨峰葡萄子房２室，每室具２个胚珠。胚珠倒生，具两层珠被，胚珠发育属厚珠心型。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成４个呈线形排列的大孢子。只有合点端１个大孢子发育成胚囊，单核胚囊经３次有丝分裂形成八核胚囊，成熟胚囊内具７个细胞。巨峰葡萄胚囊发育属蓼型。大孢子和雌配子体发生略迟于小孢子和雄配子体，雌雄配子体均在开花前完成发育。     

川白芷大小孢子发生与雌雄配子体发育的研究

用常规石蜡制片法研究了川白芷大、小孢子发生及雌、雄配子体的发育过程.结果表明:川白芷的子房为2室,每室1倒生型胚珠,单珠被,薄珠心;大孢子发生过程中,具有多个孢原细胞的现象,但通常只有1个大孢子母细胞能继续发育;大孢子母细胞经减数分裂形成线形排列的4个大孢子,合点端大孢子具功能;胚囊发育属于蓼型.小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为同时型,小孢子4分体为四面体形;成熟的花粉粒为3细胞型;花药壁发育为双子叶型,绒毡层为腺质绒毡层.     

高粱(Sorghum vulgare Pers.)雌、雄配子体形成过程的研究

大孢子母细胞经过减数分裂，形成功能大孢子，再经３次有丝分裂，发育成雌配子体．在雌配子体形成过程中，子房壁内淀粉的积累有一个动态的变化．小孢子母细胞经过减数分裂，形成小孢子，再经有丝分裂，发育成雄配子体．在雄配子体形成过程中，花药壁内淀粉的积累也有一个动态的变化．大、小孢子母细胞的减数分裂，大、小孢子的产生及雌、雄配子体的形成均具有同步性．     

高粱（Sorghum vulgare Pers.）雌,雄配子体形成过程…

大孢子母细胞过减数分裂，形成功能大孢子，再经３次有丝分裂，发育成雌配子体，在雌配子体形成过程中，子房壁内淀粉的积累有一个动态的变化，小孢子母细胞经过减数分裂，形成小孢子，再经有丝分裂，发育成雄配子体，在雄配子体形成过程中，花药壁内淀粉的积累也有一定动态的变化，大小孢子母细胞的减数分裂，大，小孢子产生及雌，雄配子体的形成均具有同步性。     

沙田柚雌雄配子体发育过程的研究

沙田柚小孢子母细胞减数分裂属同时型，小孢子在四分体中的排列属四面体型。成熟花粉粒属２－细胞型。沙田柚每个子房有１０～１２个心室，每室具多个胚珠，胚珠发育属厚珠心型，具两层珠被。成熟胚囊由卵器（２个助细胞和１个卵细胞）、中央细胞和３个反足细胞组成。沙田柚雌雄配子体发育进程有明显差异，小孢子与雄配子体发生较早，持续时间较长；大孢子和雌配子体发生较迟，但发育较快。二者在开花前均完成发育。     

肉苁蓉(Cistanche deserticola Ma.)胚胎学研究 Ⅰ.大、小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体形成

本文报道肉苁蓉大,小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体形成.主要结果如下;1)药壁发育为基本型,它由五层细胞组成,中层为二层,绒毡层分泌型,药室内壁未见纤维状加厚。2)小孢子母细胞相互分散,它们在减数分裂1时开始形成胼胝质壁。当小孢子从四分体中释放时,胼肤质壁消失。小孢子四分体为四面体型。其中有的四分体中的小孢子已分裂为二核。成熟花粉为二细胞型,花粉外壁较薄。3)倒生胚珠,单珠被和薄珠心。雌性孢原处于珠心表皮之下,为单细胞。孢原细胞直接起大孢子母细胞功能。随之,大孢子母细胞进行分裂形成直线型四分体。胚囊蓼型,由合点端大孢子发育而成。     

枇杷早期胚胎发生的初步观察——小孢子形成与雄配子体发育

本文报导了小孢子形成,雄配子体发育与花蕾生长的相关性.小孢子形成与雄配子体发育过程:1—2 列孢原细胞经过一次平周分裂,内层形成初生造孢细胞,经反复分裂.形成大量的小孢子母细胞.小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型,形成四面体形的四分体.小孢子释放后,进一步发育形成二个细胞的成熟花粉粒.这一过程与大孢子形成、雌配子体的发育一样,与花蕾生长具有一定的相关性.     

牛膝菊大、小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体的发育

通过石蜡切片技术对牛膝菊大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育过程进行研究,结果表明,牛膝菊花药4室,花药壁发育为简化型。由表皮、药室内壁和绒毡层组成。绒毡层于小孢子四分体时期开始变形,其细胞原生质体向药室中移动为变形绒毡层。小孢子孢原为多细胞,小孢子母细胞减数分裂产生四面体型的小孢子四分体。四分体胞质分裂为连续型,偶见同时型。成熟花粉2-细胞型。子房1室,每室1个倒生胚珠,具单珠被,薄珠心。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成的4个大孢子呈直线形排列,其中合点端的大孢子为功能大孢子,蓼型胚囊。     

黄皮大小孢子的发育和雌雄配子体形成的研究

本文报道黄皮大小孢子发育、结构以及雌雄配子体的形成．研究主要结果如下：１．小孢子的发育比大孢子为早，其发生的类型为同时型；２．小孢子四分体的排列为四面体形；３．胚囊的发育属蓼型，胚乳的发育为核型；４．胚珠倒生，具两层珠被；５．胚囊母细胞发育排成直线形的四分体，其中靠合点端的一个胚囊细胞将成为有功能的大孢子，但靠珠孔端的其余胚囊细胞则不发育．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has