黄脸油葫芦的鸣声结构及行为分析(直翅目：蟋蟀总科)

研究了黄脸油葫芦Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi and Matsumura, 1951)的多种行为模式,并对其鸣声结构进行了分析.其行为模式包括取食、清理、避敌、交配和鸣叫等,鸣声包括召唤声、求偶声和争斗声.鸣声时域特征结果表明黄脸油葫芦的鸣声一般由主音和陪音构成,召唤声和求偶声均具有主音和陪音,求偶声相对召唤声而言,陪音部分较长,而争斗声只具有主音部分;鸣声频域特征表明争斗声的频率高于其他两类鸣声的频率.     

Boule基因在精子发生过程中的作用

精子发生是一个复杂的细胞分化过程,生精细胞经过有丝分裂和减数分裂产生单倍型的精细胞,精细胞再经过复杂的形态变化而形成成熟的精子。这一过程需要众多基因表达的精确调控。目前已发现了一些与男性不育相关的候选基因,这些候选基因中的DAZ(Deleted in azoospermia)基因家族在精子发生过程中发挥关键性的调控作用。Boule基因是2001年发现的DAZ家族的新成员,是人类精子发生过程中重要的调控因子。Boule表达的改变或BOULE蛋白的缺乏可引起减数分裂阻滞和精子生成障碍,从而导致无精子症并产生不育。     

黄胫小车蝗配子发生时c-kit蛋白特异性表达

应用组织学、免疫组织化学和生物统计分析相结合的方法,对黄胫小车蝗(Oedaleus infernalisSauss.)配子发生期间原癌基因c-kit的特异表达进行了研究.结果表明:精子发生过程中,精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞和成熟精子中均有不同程度的c-kit蛋白表达,精巢末端还有较粗大的阳性颗粒分布;卵子发生过程中,第1~6阶段卵母细胞中有不同程度的c-kit蛋白特异性表达,但随着卵黄的发生逐渐消失.     

Quox—1基因同源序列在豚鼠精子形成中的表达

以地高辛标记的Ｑｕｏｘ－１基因ｃＤＮＡ的ｃ３片段为探针，与豚鼠基因组ＤＮＡ作Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交，结果表明，在豚鼠基因组中存在Ｑｕｏｘ－１基因同源序列，以抗ＱＵＯＸ－１蛋白的特异性抗体对成年豚鼠睾丸，附睾和幼年豚鼠睾丸的组织切片进行免疫组织化学分析，发现在豚鼠精子发生中精子细胞分化为精子阶段有类ＱＵＯＸ－１蛋白提示Ｑｕｏｘ－１基因同源序列可能对豚鼠精子发生中的精子形成过程有调控作用。     

中国油葫芦属Teleogryllus Chopard分类并记外来物种澳洲油葫芦Teleogryllus commodus (Walker)(蟋蟀科,蟋蟀亚科)

油葫芦属Teleogryllus是常见的蟋蟀类群,对农作物具一定危害,一些种类还是行为学和神经生物学研究的模式动物。本文厘定并重新描记了该属的中国种类;讨论了黄脸油葫芦Teleogryllus emma(OhmachiMatsuura)和黑脸油葫芦Teleogryllus occipitalis(Serville)的形态变化;回顾了该属3个种Gryllus mitratus、Gryllus testaceus、Teleogryllus occipitalis的学名变化并确认了其有效性;首次报道了外来物种澳洲油葫芦Teleogryllus commodus(Walker)在我国的分布情况。     

刀额新对虾精子发生过程中碱性蛋白的变化

采用氨银反应与光镜、电镜技术相结合，研究了刀额新对虾（Ｍｅｔａｐｅｎａｅｕｓｅｎｓｉｓ）成熟精子发生过程中碱性蛋白的变化．精原细胞、精母细胞、早期精细胞核内均含有丰富的碱性蛋白，但在精细胞变态成精子过程中，核内碱性蛋白被抛弃，顶体内出现碱性蛋白．且在成熟精子中内外顶体层碱性蛋白的分布不同，外顶体层多于内顶体层，棘突中无碱性蛋白存在．同时还探讨了鞭毛型精子和无鞭毛型精子之间的差异．     

原癌基因与脊椎动物精子发生

综述了近年来原癌基因c-fos、c-jun、c-myc、c-mos、c-abl、c-kit、c-raf等在精子发生过程中不同时期表达及其作用的研究进展．c-fos、c-jun、c-myc在整个生精周期中均有表达，而c-mos、c-abl主要在成熟精子中有表达．同一种原癌基因在不同种动物生精周期的相同阶段表达也不尽相同．原癌基因调控精子发生的分子机制有待深入研究．     

c-Myc蛋白对三阴性乳腺癌增殖迁移的影响

目的:研究c-Myc蛋白对三阴性乳腺癌增殖迁移的影响.方法:应用shRNA进行慢病毒包装,构建低表达稳转株,再用westernblot验证敲低效果.利用MTT验证c-Myc蛋白对三阴性乳腺癌增殖的作用;应用划痕实验、Transwell Assay证明c-Myc蛋白在肿瘤转移中的影响.结果:在myc基因敲低后,c-Myc蛋白表达量明显降低,增殖能力明显下降,迁移能力变弱.结论:c-Myc蛋白作为原癌基因的翻译产物对三阴性乳腺癌的增殖、迁移具有促进作用.     

黄脸油葫芦中枢神经系统的组织解剖学研究

应用解剖镜和光镜观察了黄脸油葫芦(Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi and Matsuura))中枢神经系统的组织解剖学结构，并对脑和各体神经节的组织学结构进行了比较．结果表明，黄脸油葫芦的中枢神经系统由脑、食道下神经节和腹神经索组成；前、中、后脑分化明显，腹神经索包括三对胸神经节、五对腹神经节及纵贯各神经节的神经索；脑和各体神经节的组织学结构相似，由外向内依次是神经鞘、神经细胞层和髓质层；脑的髓质层复杂，其中含有四种由神经细胞球体和神经纤维束形成的脑体，一对蕈状体、一个脑桥体、一个中央体及一对脑腹体。     

小鼠睾丸TERT表达的增龄变化

应用免疫组织化学和图像分析方法研究了10,20,30,60,90天龄的小鼠睾丸不同分化类型生殖细胞中端粒酶催化亚基TERT的表达.结果发现在精子发生过程中精原细胞及成熟精子中均未见TERT阳性表达,而初级精母细胞尤其是粗线期精母细胞和精子细胞是高表达TERT的细胞类群,附睾管上皮细胞也呈TERT阳性表达;同时TERT在小鼠个体发育过程中的表达存在着从弱到强再到弱的动态变化趋势.结果表明TERT在小鼠睾丸中的表达特点与精子发生过程密切相关,可能对维持生殖细胞遗传物质的完整性和减数分裂的正常进行发挥着重要作用.     

黄脸油葫芦五种群染色体的比较研究

本文对分布于湖北五当山，神农架，陕西西安，洋县，延安的黄脸油葫芦（Ｔｅｌｅｏｇｒｙｌｕｓｅｍｍａ）五种群的染色体进行了分析。并应用核型似近系数对这五种群作了比较研究，展示了这五个种群的亲缘关系     

类固醇激素受体在扬子鳄睾丸表达的免疫细胞化学研究

用免疫细胞化学方法对雄激素受体(AR)、雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PR) 在扬子鳄睾丸中进行定位研究.结果表明,三种类固醇激素受体在扬子鳄睾丸中都有分布:雄激素受体在睾丸的肌样细胞和支持细胞中呈阳性反应,雌激素受体在睾丸的间质细胞中呈 阳性反应,孕激素受体在睾丸的生精细胞中呈阳性反应.推测结果表明,雄激素受体在扬子 鳄精子发生过程有重要作用;雌激素受体可能在扬子鳄睾丸发育过程中影响睾丸间质细胞雄性激素的分泌,进而调节生精过程和精子发育成熟,孕激素受体可能通过转换成AR和ER来对精子发生进行调节.这些结果为证明性类固醇激素参与调节扬子鳄性腺生殖内分泌调控提供了重要的形态学新证据.     

Cholinergic phenotype developed by noradrenergic sympathetic neurons after innervation of a novel cholinergic target in vivo

Mammalian sympathetic neurons in vivo may express either a noradrenergic or cholinergic phenotype. In view of the opposing effect of noradrenaline and acetylcholine on most autonomic target organs, the target-appropriate expression of neurotransmitter is critical. We have examined the maturation of the sympathetic innervation of rat sweat glands to define the developmental mechanisms regulating neurotransmitter choice in vivo. Eccrine sweat glands and their sympathetic innervation develop together postnatally in the rat. Early postnatal innervation expresses only noradrenergic properties, but as the glands and their innervation mature, noradrenergic properties decrease dramatically and cholinergic features appear in the same population of neurons. To investigate the role of the sweat gland in this change we have used a transplantation paradigm which allows sweat glands to be innervated by sympathetic neurons that would normally innervate noradrenergic target organs and remain noradrenergic throughout life. We observe that the sympathetic neurons that innervate the novel cholinergic target alter their neurotransmitter properties and develop a cholinergic phenotype. These results indicate that target organs are able to induce appropriate neurotransmitter traits in the neurons that innervate them.     

Apoptotic cell death induced by c-myc is inhibited by bcl-2.

Apoptosis is a form of physiological cell death, characterized by chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic blebbing and DNA fragmentation, which often depends on RNA and protein synthesis by the dying cell. The c-myc proto-oncogene, usually implicated in cell transformation, differentiation and cell-cycle progression also has a central role in some forms of apoptosis. These opposing roles of myc in cell growth and death require that other gene products dictate the outcome of c-Myc expression on a cell. A candidate for such a modifying gene is bcl-2, whose product prolongs cell survival and blocks apoptosis in some systems. Here we demonstrate that Bcl-2 prevents apoptotic death induced by c-Myc, provide a mechanism whereby cells can express c-Myc without undergoing apoptosis, and give a possible explanation for the ability of Bcl-2 to synergize with c-Myc in cell transformation.     

Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent stem cells

We have previously shown that pluripotent stem cells can be induced from mouse fibroblasts by retroviral introduction of Oct3/4 (also called Pou5f1), Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4, and subsequent selection for Fbx15 (also called Fbxo15) expression. These induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (hereafter called Fbx15 iPS cells) are similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells in morphology, proliferation and teratoma formation; however, they are different with regards to gene expression and DNA methylation patterns, and fail to produce adult chimaeras. Here we show that selection for Nanog expression results in germline-competent iPS cells with increased ES-cell-like gene expression and DNA methylation patterns compared with Fbx15 iPS cells. The four transgenes (Oct3/4, Sox2, c-myc and Klf4) were strongly silenced in Nanog iPS cells. We obtained adult chimaeras from seven Nanog iPS cell clones, with one clone being transmitted through the germ line to the next generation. Approximately 20% of the offspring developed tumours attributable to reactivation of the c-myc transgene. Thus, iPS cells competent for germline chimaeras can be obtained from fibroblasts, but retroviral introduction of c-Myc should be avoided for clinical application.