掌叶木叶化学成分研究

掌叶木为中国特有的珍稀濒危植物,本文对掌叶木叶化学成分进行了研究.运用大孔树脂、反相常压柱色谱和制备高效液相等技术对掌叶木叶70%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,再通过理化性质和波谱分析方法,从掌叶木叶中分离得到2个木脂素和3个黄酮苷类化合物.经鉴定其结构分别为(7 S,8 R)-二氢脱氢二松柏醇-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、松脂-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-Rhamnopyranose(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside-7-O α-L-Rhamnopyranoside(3)、Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranose(1→2)-α-L-Rhamnopyranoside-7-O α-L-Rhamnopyranoside(4)、Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranose(1→2)-α-L-Rhamnpyranoside-7-O-α-L-Rhamnopyranoside(5).这些化合物都是首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

开口箭根茎中甾体类化合物的研究

目的：研究开口箭根茎中甾体成分,寻找新的抗肿瘤活性物质.方法：运用反相常压柱色谱和制备高效液相对其甾体成分进行分离,通过理化性质和波谱分析方法鉴定其结构.结果：从开口箭根茎的乙醇提取物中分离得到6个甾体皂苷及2个甾体皂苷元,其结构分别为1β,2β,3β,4β,5β-五羟基-螺甾-△25（27）-烯-5-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（1）,1β,3β-二羟基-5β-孕甾-△16（17）-烯-20-酮-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（2）,1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,6β,7α-七羟基-5β-呋甾-△25（27）-烯（3）,1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,7α-六羟基-6-氧化-螺甾-△25（27）-烯（4）,3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（25S）-1β,3β,5β,26-四羟基-5β-呋甾-△20（22）-烯-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（5）,3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（25S）-1β,3β,5β,22α,26-五羟基-5β-呋甾-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（6）,3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（25S）-1β,3β,26-三羟基-5β-呋甾-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（7）和3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（25R）-1β,3α,26-三羟基-△5（6）-烯-5β-呋甾-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（8）.结论：化合物1和2为首次从该属植物中获得.     

蒺藜果实中C_(21)甾体类化合物结构解析

采用柱层析等分离方法,从蒺藜(TribulusterrestrisL.)果实乙醇提取液的正丁醇萃取层中,分离到两种化合物。通过核磁共振、酸水解、薄层检测等方法鉴定了它们的结构。这两种化合物都是C21甾体类化合物,分别为3-O-β-lycotetraosyl3β-hydroxy-5α-pregn-16-en-20-one(Ⅰ)和3β-hydroxy-5α-pregn-16(17)en-20-one-3-O-β-D-xylopyr-anosyl(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-galacto-pyranoside(Ⅱ)。其中化合物Ⅰ在蒺藜科首次发现,化合物Ⅱ在蒺藜中首次发现。     

槐豆荚中黄酮成分的研究

槐(Sophora japonica)豆荚用甲醇提取,采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、MCI柱层析和反相柱层析进行化学成分分离纯化,从中分离得到8个化合物。根据波谱分析和理化性质对化合物结构进行鉴定,鉴定结构为山柰酚(1)、山柰酚3-O-β-槐糖苷(2)、山柰酚3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基(1→6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、山柰酚3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基(1→4)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、山柰酚3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、染料木素(6)、染料木苷(7)和槐属双苷(8)。其中,化合物4和5为首次从槐属植物中离得到,化合物2和7为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

马六甲蒲桃的化学成分

为从马六甲蒲桃果实中寻找化学成分,利用正反相硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱等技术对马六甲蒲桃果实的乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过1H-NMR和13C-NMR等波谱技术结合文献数据对照进行化合物结构鉴定。共分离鉴定了17个化合物,分别为山奈酚3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（1）、山奈酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖（2）、异鼠李素（3）、异鼠李素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖（4）、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖（5）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（6）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖（7）、杨梅素-4’-甲醚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖（8）、6,8-二甲基乔松素（9）、乔松素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（10）、 stercurensin(11)、根皮苷（12）、3-甲氧基鞣花酸-3′-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖（13）,4,5-二羟基-6-甲基-α-吡喃酮（14）、5,7-二羟基-2-甲基色原酮（15）、反式肉桂酸（16）和苹果酸二甲酯（17）。其中化合物11～10为黄酮,11和12为查尔酮,其中,化合物4、6、14、15和17首次从蒲桃属植物中分离得到,1、4、5、6、9、10、1133～17首次从马六甲...     

绵萆薢化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

采用现代分离技术对绵萆薢的化学成分进行了分离纯化,并用波谱技术鉴定其结构.结果从该植物提取物中分离得到8个化合物,分别为:对羟基苯乙酮(1)、4-(对羟基苯基)-2-丁酮(2)、肉桂酸(3)、对羟基苯乙醇(4)、苯酚(5)、1-β-D-呋喃核糖基-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑(6)、薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(7)、薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(8).其中化合物1～6为首次从该植物分离得到,且化合物1、4、5、6是首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

苦瓜皂甙的分离以及PTP1B抑制活性

通过溶剂萃取、大孔树脂D-101去杂、正相硅胶柱粗分、ODS反相硅胶柱反复分离纯化、薄层色谱检测,从苦瓜中分离出5种化合物.借助于ESI-MS、IR、13C NMR、1H NMR、DEPT-NMR等波谱技术,对这5种化合物进行结构鉴定.结果表明,此5种化合物都属于皂甙类,其中化合物A是甾体皂甙,其余4种为四环三萜葫芦烷皂甙.这5个化合物分别为:A为α-菠甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙;B为19(R)-羰基-25-二甲氧基-5β-葫芦烷-6,23-二烯-3β,25-羟基-5-19环氧酯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙;C为葫芦烷-5-烯-3β,22,23,24,25-五基-3-O-3-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(苦瓜素A);D为葫芦烷-5,23-二烯-3p,7,25-羟基-9-醛基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(苦瓜素L);E为葫芦烷-5,23-二烯-3β,7-二羟基-9-醛基-25-甲氧基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(苦瓜素K).5种化合物进行PTP1B抑制活性筛选试验,结果表明,这5种皂甙单体中,化合物D和化合物E对PTP1B没有抑制活性,化合物A、B、C对PTP1B有不同程度的抑制活性,其中抑制活性大小为化合物A＞化合物C＞化合物B.     

云南巴豆中倍半萜类化合物的研究

云南巴豆（Croton yunnanensis）枝叶风干粉碎后用甲醇提取,使用硅胶柱层析、MCI柱层 析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析及HPLC等分离技术对其化学成分进行分离纯化,得到5个倍半萜 类化合物,分别是（-）-ent-6α-methoxyeudesm-4（15）-en-1β-ol （1）, oplodiol （2）,（7R*）-opposit-4 （15）-ene-1β,7-diol （3）, aphanamol I （4）和 orientalol C （5）。化合物1-4为首次从该种植物中分 离得到。     

仙茅的萜类化学成分研究

通过各种分离纯化方法和结构鉴定手段,从仙茅的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了6个萜类化合物.分别为(3S,5R,6S,7E,9R)-megatigma-7-ene-3,5,6,9-tetrol(1), actinidioionoside(2),(6S,9R)-roseoside(3),(-)-angelicoidenol 2-o-β-D-lucopyranoside (4),(-)-angelicoidenol-2-o-β-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5)和tetillapyrone[(7R,9S,10R)-3-methyl-5-(4-hydroxyl-5-hydroxylmethyltetrahydrofuryl)]-6-hydroxypyran-2-one(6).这是首次报道仙茅中的萜类化合物,丰富了仙茅的化学成分.     

竹节草的化学成分研究

以乙醇提取,硅胶柱层析分离和波谱方法鉴定结构,从竹节草地上部分分离鉴定出5个化合物:3β-羟基-5,α8α-桥二氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯(Ⅰ)、槲皮素(Ⅱ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(6→1)-α-L-鼠李糖槲皮素(Ⅲ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅳ)、po insettifo lin A 3-O-[3′″″-乙酰基-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-(1′″″→6″″)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ).其中化合物Ⅴ为新化合物,化合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ系首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the