具有隔离特性的多输出Flyback直流——直流变换器

给出并分析了一种具有隔离特性的多输出Flyback直流－直流变换器。通过调节变压器初、次极匝数比,可在输出端得到多组不同值的直流电压,同时使输出电压源与输入电压源得以隔离,适用于要求隔离,功耗小,电压低等工作场合。     

引信电子安全系统高压反馈电路研究

为了解决引信电子安全系统中高压反馈电路输入与输出端电气隔离的难题,提出了一种反馈控制电路方案.采用从高压变压器原边采样的反馈控制电路控制高压电容上充电电压的方法,解决了高压反馈电路输入与输出端电气隔离问题,并采用滤波方法消除漏感电压对反馈电容电压的影响.仿真实验结果表明,高压电容上电压被有效控制在2kV,实现了高压变压器输入与输出端在电气隔离,且电路工作可靠.     

总线隔离器的作用及应用

以“输入缓冲，输出锁存”为基本思路，采用不同的总线隔离器将外设与总线隔离，输入口用三态缓冲器，输出口用数据锁存器。另设计一个输入／输出端口，仅用一个地址就能实现数据的输入和输出。     

三线制隔离型热电阻温度变送器

介绍了一种电源、输入和输出三相相互隔离的三线制热电阻温度变送器,该装置具有精度高、可靠性好、电路简单、成本低、调试方便等特点．具有推广价值。     

输入与输出隔离的buck—boost型斩控式交流调压器

提出一种buck-boost型斩控式交流调压器的电路拓扑,分析了其工作原理,考虑了输入与输出间的电气隔离,并给出输出电压的波形。     

差动式光隔离放大器的研制及其应用

基于差动放大器的原理并利用光耦合器件，设计了一种差动式隔离放大器，这种放大器具有低漂移、高共模抑制比等差动放大器的优点，同时输入端与输出端之间也是电隔离的，文中给出了这种放大器的工作原理以及各主要参数的计算公式，并给出了这种隔离放大器的一种具体应用。     

浅析自激式并联隔离型彩色电视机开关稳压电源

开关电源是一种利用开关功率器件并通过功率变换技术而制成的直流稳压电源。[1]它体积小、重量轻、效率高,一般在80%以上;适应性强;可防止过电压的危害;输入交流突然停供电时,输出电压保持时间长;输出电压越低,输出电流越大。因此,非常适宜做集成电路型电子设备的供电模块。开关电源的种类很多,本文重点分析自激式并联隔离型开关电源,它不仅可以将电源的输入与输出端进行隔离,而且只要改变变压器次级的匝数比,即可获得不同的直流电压值,以实现多路直流电压输出。自激式并联隔离型开关电源,其效率高,适应范围宽,被广泛应用于多种型号的彩色电视机中。     

重油造气微机控制系统的可靠性设计

介绍了重油造气微机控制系统的构成与功能，着重从可靠性角度分析系统软硬件 设计。由于采用双机冗余、输出输入通道隔离、滤波及灵活的控制组态等技术，大大 提高了系统运行的可靠性，节省了系统仪表投资费用十余万元。     

STD总线接口电路设计

介绍了PC104总线和STD总线概况,采用总线隔离技术、总线锁存技术、译码技术、输入/输出技术设计了PC104总线与STD总线之间的接口扩展卡,阐述了接口扩展卡的电路设计及其所具有的优点。     

大学英语阅读教学中的输入与输出

我国大学英语阅读教学一直存在重输入、轻输出的现象,语言输出理论指出输出与输入对语言习得具有同样重要的作用。阅读活动既是语言知识的积累,又是语言知识的实践和实现,因此教师在教学中应积极改变传统观念,重视阅读教学的输出功能;注意对具有关联性与兴趣性的阅读材料的选择及其量和度的把握,实现学生对输入的良好吸收并为其主动输出提供素材;通过创造更多的课内课外学生语言输出的机会,最终培养和提高他们的语言综合运用能力。     

A link between prompt optical and prompt gamma-ray emission in gamma-ray bursts

The prompt optical emission that arrives with the gamma-rays from a cosmic gamma-ray burst (GRB) is a signature of the engine powering the burst, the properties of the ultra-relativistic ejecta of the explosion, and the ejecta's interactions with the surroundings. Until now, only GRB 990123 had been detected at optical wavelengths during the burst phase. Its prompt optical emission was variable and uncorrelated with the prompt gamma-ray emission, suggesting that the optical emission was generated by a reverse shock arising from the ejecta's collision with surrounding material. Here we report prompt optical emission from GRB 041219a. It is variable and correlated with the prompt gamma-rays, indicating a common origin for the optical light and the gamma-rays. Within the context of the standard fireball model of GRBs, we attribute this new optical component to internal shocks driven into the burst ejecta by variations of the inner engine. The correlated optical emission is a direct probe of the jet isolated from the medium. The timing of the uncorrelated optical emission is strongly dependent on the nature of the medium.     

Flares from a candidate Galactic magnetar suggest a missing link to dim isolated neutron stars

Magnetars are young neutron stars with very strong magnetic fields of the order of 10(14)-10(15) G. They are detected in our Galaxy either as soft gamma-ray repeaters or anomalous X-ray pulsars. Soft gamma-ray repeaters are a rare type of gamma-ray transient sources that are occasionally detected as bursters in the high-energy sky. No optical counterpart to the gamma-ray flares or the quiescent source has yet been identified. Here we report multi-wavelength observations of a puzzling source, SWIFT J195509+261406. We detected more than 40 flaring episodes in the optical band over a time span of three days, and a faint infrared flare 11 days later, after which the source returned to quiescence. Our radio observations confirm a Galactic nature and establish a lower distance limit of approximately 3.7 kpc. We suggest that SWIFT J195509+261406 could be an isolated magnetar whose bursting activity has been detected at optical wavelengths, and for which the long-term X-ray emission is short-lived. In this case, a new manifestation of magnetar activity has been recorded and we can consider SWIFT J195509+261406 to be a link between the 'persistent' soft gamma-ray repeaters/anomalous X-ray pulsars and dim isolated neutron stars.     

Nonlinear optics in the extreme ultraviolet

Nonlinear responses to an optical field are universal in nature but have been difficult to observe in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and soft X-ray regions owing to a lack of coherent intense light sources. High harmonic generation is a well-known nonlinear optical phenomenon and is now drawing much attention in attosecond pulse generation. For the application of high harmonics to nonlinear optics in the XUV and soft X-ray regime, optical pulses should have both large pulse energy and short pulse duration to achieve a high optical electric field. Here we show the generation of intense isolated pulses from a single harmonic (photon energy 27.9 eV) by using a sub-10-femtosecond blue laser pulse, producing a large dipole moment at the relatively low (ninth) harmonic order nonadiabatically. The XUV pulses with pulse durations of 950 attoseconds and 1.3 femtoseconds were characterized by an autocorrelation technique, based on two-photon above-threshold ionization of helium atoms. Because of the small cross-section for above-threshold ionization, such an autocorrelation measurement of XUV pulses with photon energy larger than the ionization energy of helium has not hitherto been demonstrated. The technique can be extended to the characterization of higher harmonics at shorter wavelengths.     

动态孤立区域位相展开方法的研究

位相展开问题是所有基于条纹分析的光学测量技术都难以避免的问题．在采用结构照明的光学三维传感方法中，位相展开是被测物体三维面形正确重建的关键步骤之一．特别是在冲击和爆轰过程中，由于突轰过程的特殊性，解出的位相是散布的，位相的展开更是一个难点．将调制度引入到动态傅立叶变换轮廓术，根据调制度信息建立三维模板，并在三维坐标空间下进行基于调制度排序的位相展开，很好地解决了二维情况下空间不连续区域和孤立区域无法正确展开位相的问题，为动态傅立叶变换轮廓术应用在冲击和爆轰过程中，获取物体散布的三维面形提供了强有利的新手段．给出了详细的理论分析和计算机模拟．     

Laser cooling and real-time measurement of the nuclear spin environment of a solid-state qubit

Control over quantum dynamics of open systems is one of the central challenges in quantum science and engineering. Coherent optical techniques, such as coherent population trapping involving dark resonances, are widely used to control quantum states of isolated atoms and ions. In conjunction with spontaneous emission, they allow for laser cooling of atomic motion, preparation and manipulation of atomic states, and rapid quantum optical measurements that are essential for applications in metrology. Here we show that these techniques can be applied to monitor and control individual atom-like impurities, and their local environment, in the solid state. Using all-optical manipulation of the electronic spin of an individual nitrogen-vacancy colour centre in diamond, we demonstrate optical cooling, real-time measurement and conditional preparation of its nuclear spin environment by post-selection. These methods offer potential applications ranging from all-optical nanomagnetometry to quantum feedback control of solid-state qubits, and may lead to new approaches for quantum information storage and processing.     

山东长清栝楼及丹参根结线虫病原虫种类研究

分离鉴定危害栝楼和丹参的植物根结线虫，为两种药用植物根结线虫的防治提供理论依据。采用贝曼漏斗法自采集来的丹参和栝楼根中分离根结线虫，分离后采用光学显微镜观察其形态。结果发现了6种植物根结线虫，其中丹参中分离到5种，即咖啡短体线虫（Pratylenchus coffeae）、南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）、穿刺短体线虫（Pratylenchus penetrans）、美洲剑线虫（Xiphinema americanum）、纤毛棘刺线虫（Helicotylenchus apiculus）。栝楼中分离到2种，即美洲剑线虫（Xiphinema americanum）、假强壮螺旋线虫（Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus）。该研究可为山东长清地区栝楼及丹参根部病害的防治提供参考依据。     

Optical pulsations from the anomalous X-ray pulsar 4U0142+61

Anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) differ from ordinary radio pulsars in that their X-ray luminosity is orders of magnitude greater than their rate of rotational energy loss, and so they require an additional energy source. One possibility is that AXPs are highly magnetized neuron stars or 'magnetars' having surface magnetic fields greater than 10(14) G. This would make them similar to the soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs), but alternative models that do not require extreme magnetic fields also exist. An optical counterpart to the AXP 4U0142+61 was recently discovered, consistent with emission from a magnetar, but also from a magnetized hot white dwarf, or an accreting isolated neutron star. Here we report the detection of optical pulsations from 4U0142+61. The pulsed fraction of optical light (27 per cent) is five to ten times greater than that of soft X-rays, from which we conclude that 4U0142+61 is a magnetar. Although this establishes a direct relationship between AXPs and the soft gamma-ray repeaters, the evolutionary connection between AXPs, SGRs and radio pulsars remains controversial.     

磁性表面手性分子印迹聚合物对氧氟沙星手性分离的研究

研究了一种可快速拆分氧氟沙星的方法;该方法采用分子印迹技术,用二氧化硅包裹的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒为载体,再用手性试剂N-正辛基-D-葡萄糖胺作为单体,以氧氟沙星作为模板分子制备磁性表面分子印迹聚合物。该手性聚合物可与右旋氧氟沙星结合,最终分离出左旋氧氟沙星。最后利用外加磁场及透射电子显微镜对于所制备的氧氟沙星磁性分子印迹聚合物的性状进行检测;并对分离得到的左旋氧氟沙星进行旋光度的检测。     

定心藤(Mappianthus iodoies)化学成分研究

从生长于云南省的定心藤属植物定心藤（Ｍａｐｐｉａｎｔｈｕｓ ｉｏｄｏｉｅｓ）中分离到一种新倍半萜醇，通过波谱方法和旋光度对比确定其为（－）－雪松醇。并应用２Ｄ ＮＭＲ技术确定了其分子中Ｃ，Ｈ化学位移的归属。     

Demonstration of an all-optical quantum controlled-NOT gate

The promise of tremendous computational power, coupled with the development of robust error-correcting schemes, has fuelled extensive efforts to build a quantum computer. The requirements for realizing such a device are confounding: scalable quantum bits (two-level quantum systems, or qubits) that can be well isolated from the environment, but also initialized, measured and made to undergo controllable interactions to implement a universal set of quantum logic gates. The usual set consists of single qubit rotations and a controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate, which flips the state of a target qubit conditional on the control qubit being in the state 1. Here we report an unambiguous experimental demonstration and comprehensive characterization of quantum CNOT operation in an optical system. We produce all four entangled Bell states as a function of only the input qubits' logical values, for a single operating condition of the gate. The gate is probabilistic (the qubits are destroyed upon failure), but with the addition of linear optical quantum non-demolition measurements, it is equivalent to the CNOT gate required for scalable all-optical quantum computation.