玉米杂交后胚胎中蛋白质和细胞分裂素类物质变化的研究

玉米七个杂交组合及与其亲本自交授粉后1d,3d,7d、10d四个时期胚胎中蛋白质含量增长速度不同。授粉后1d胚胎中蛋白质电泳谱带分离清楚,分子量为94,000～67,000的蛋白带较少,而在67,000～43,000和40,000～20,000范围内的蛋白带分布集中。在分子量大于43,000的蛋白带中,杂交胚的某些蛋白分子量大于或介于自交亲本,在43,000以下的,杂交胚中某些蛋白分子量介于或小于自交亲本。授粉后10d大分子蛋白带有所增加,杂交胚胎中总的细胞分裂素类物质和玉米素含量均显著高于自交双亲。     

分子标记方法鉴定玉米杂交种哲单20纯度的研究

从30对SSR引物中筛选确定了能够清楚、稳定、准确的鉴别哲单20亲本和杂交种的一对引物phi029对杂交种哲单20进行纯度鉴定,结果与田间鉴定相差甚微,说明SSR技术检验玉米品种哲单20的纯度是可靠可行的.     

Cloning and expression profiles of 15 genes encoding WRKY transcription factor in wheat (Triticum aestivem L.)

WRKY proteins are involved in various physiological processes, including biotic and abiotic stress responses, hormone responses and development. However, no systematic identification, expression and function analysis of WRKY genes in wheat were reported. In this study, we isolated 15 wheat cDNAs with complete open reading frame (ORF) encoding putative WRKY proteins using in silico cloning. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 wheat WRKY genes belonged to three major WRKY groups. Expression analysis revealed that most genes expressed drastically in leaf, except TaWRKY10 which expressed in crown intensively. Four genes were strongly up-regulated with the senescence of leaves. Eight genes were responsive to low temperature, high temperature, NaCl or PEG treatment. Moreover, differential expression patterns were also observed between wheat hybrid and its parents, and some genes were more responsive to PEG treatment in the hybrid. These results demonstrated that wheat WRKY genes are involved in leaf senescing and abiotic stresses. And the changed expression of these WRKY genes in hybrid might contribute to the heterosis by improving the stress tolerance in hybrids.     

Cloning and expression profiles of 15 genes encoding WRKY transcription factor in wheat （Triticum aestivem L.）

WRKY proteins are involved in various physiological processes, including biotic and abiotic stress responses, hormone responses and development. However, no systematic identification, expression and function analysis of WRKY genes in wheat were reported. In this study, we isolated 15 wheat cDNAs with complete open reading frame （ORF） encoding putative WRKY proteins using in silico cloning. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 wheat WRKY genes belonged to three major WRKY groups. Expression analysis revealed that most genes expressed drastically in leaf, except Ta WRKYIO which expressed in crown intensively. Four genes were strongly up-regulated with the senescence of leaves. Eight genes were responsive to low temperature, high temperature, NaCl or PEG treatment. Moreover, differential expression patterns were also observed between wheat hybrid and its parents, and some genes were more responsive to PEG treatment in the hybrid. These results demonstrated that wheat WRKY genes are involved in leaf senescing and abiotic stresses. And the changed expression of these WRKY genes in hybrid might contribute to the heterosis by improving the stress tolerance in hybrids.     

Cloning and expression pro?les of 15 genes encoding WRKY transcription factor in wheat (Triticum aestivem L.)

WRKY proteins are involved in various physiological processes, including biotic and abiotic stress responses, hormone responses and development. However, no systematic identi?cation, expression and function analysis of WRKY genes in wheat were reported. In this study, we isolated 15 wheat cDNAs with complete open reading frame (ORF) encoding putative WRKY proteins using in silico cloning. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 wheat WRKY genes belonged to three major WRKY groups. Expression analysis revealed that most genes expressed drastically in leaf, except TaWRKY10 which expressed in crown intensively. Four genes were strongly up-regulated with the senescence of leaves. Eight genes were responsive to low temperature, high temperature, NaCl or PEG treatment. Moreover, differential expression patterns were also observed between wheat hybrid and its parents, and some genes were more responsive to PEG treatment in the hybrid. These results demonstrated that wheat WRKY genes are involved in leaf senescing and abiotic stresses. And the changed expression of these WRKY genes in hybrid might contribute to the heterosis by improving the stress tolerance in hybrids. 2007 National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science in China Press. All rights reserved.     

Cloning and expression pro?les of 15 genes encoding WRKY transcription factor in wheat (Triticum aestivem L.)

WRKY proteins are involved in various physiological processes, including biotic and abiotic stress responses, hormone responses and development. However, no systematic identi?cation, expression and function analysis of WRKY genes in wheat were reported. In this study, we isolated 15 wheat cDNAs with complete open reading frame (ORF) encoding putative WRKY proteins using in silico cloning. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 15 wheat WRKY genes belonged to three major WRKY groups. Expression analysis revealed that most genes expressed drastically in leaf, except TaWRKY10 which expressed in crown intensively. Four genes were strongly up-regulated with the senescence of leaves. Eight genes were responsive to low temperature, high temperature, NaCl or PEG treatment. Moreover, differential expression patterns were also observed between wheat hybrid and its parents, and some genes were more responsive to PEG treatment in the hybrid. These results demonstrated that wheat WRKY genes are involved in leaf senescing and abiotic stresses. And the changed expression of these WRKY genes in hybrid might contribute to the heterosis by improving the stress tolerance in hybrids. 2007 National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science in China Press. All rights reserved.     

利用SSR 标记正确判断小麦杂交种中的杂株

 正确判断杂交种中混有的杂株, 是准确鉴定小麦杂交种种子纯度的前提。在分析180 份杂交组合的基础上, 以“京麦1100”为例, 提出了利用SSR 标记正确判断小麦杂交种中杂株的方法:1)筛选双亲间有多态性的引物不少于5 对;2)利用该引物检测亲本及杂交种的基因型, 并按照杂交种基因型记录原则记录每个个体的基因型;3)正确判断真实杂交种基因型:不论亲本是否存在非纯合位点现象, 只要某个体同时具备父母本的基因型, 均视为真实杂交种的基因型;4)判断杂株:当某个体在多个SSR 位点上与真实杂交种基因型不同时, 判断为杂株。     

盐胁迫对玉米萌芽期性状的影响

以6个玉米杂交组合为材料,通过不同浓度的Na Cl溶液模拟盐胁迫环境,研究玉米萌芽期的株高、茎叶鲜重、根鲜重、茎叶干重、根干重、茎叶含水率、根含水率、根冠比、发芽率等性状的差异,并探讨了不同Na Cl溶液浓度与玉米萌芽期各性状的相关关系。结果表明:不同杂交组合萌发期各性状除茎叶含水率和根含水率外,其余性状差异达到了显著或极显著水平,因此这些指标都可作为耐盐玉米种质筛选、鉴定标准。Na Cl浓度与各性状都呈极显著相关,除根冠比随Na Cl浓度升高而增加外,其他指标都随Na Cl浓度升高而降低。     

Isolation and cloning of a new gene encoding maize initiation factor

It was demonstrated that parental gene expression of maize in hybrid genetic background was different from that in their inbred lines. RT-PCR revealed a cDNA overexpressed in hybrid maize. The cDNA was reamplified and used to screen a corresponding cDNA library. A full length of a cDNA insert ZH01 was isolated and shown to have an open reading frame encoding 414a. a. Sequence comparison shows that ZH01 has extremely high similarity with the previously reported plant initiator factor elF-4A and distinct difference from another maize elF-4A gene MIF4A. Ovcrexpression of ZH01 in hybrid may involve vigorous growth of hybrid maize seedlings.     

不同环境对玉米杂交种籽粒粗淀粉含量的影响

以河南省生产上主要推广的15个玉米杂交种为材料,采用近红外光谱分析技术(NIR),分析了粗淀粉含量在8种不同环境下的表现.结果表明,不同品种不同地点间粗淀粉含量存在显著差异.不同品种间粗淀粉含量变化范围为66.40%~73.16%,大于72%的品种有4个,为郑单958、浚单20、洛玉1号和郑单18.不同地点间粗淀粉含量变化范围为69.81%~72.37%,平均含量以商丘和安阳点最高.基因与环境互作分析表明,不同玉米杂交种在适宜环境中种植均可以提高粗淀粉含量3%以上.而且不同品种不同地点粗淀粉含量稳定性存在差异.     

玉米杂种与其亲本间根系活力及ATP酶RNA酶活性的比较研究

玉米伤流量及伤流中离子浓度均是夜间大于白天。杂种植株伤流量明显多于双亲,虽伤流液中的离子浓度均低于亲本,但杂种每株伤流中钾的含量却高于亲本。杂种伤流中钾的含量和与双亲相比钾的平均优势与籽粒产量呈正相关关系。 杂种幼苗根系的水势低于亲本。杂种幼苗根端细胞ATP酶活性大于双亲或介于双亲之间。而RNA酶活性介于或大于双亲。 结果表明:杂种植株根系发达,根系吸收水分和矿物质元素的能力较强,这一表现是根系代谢综合作用的结果。     

不同浓度赤霉素对金丝小枣叶片生长和果实品质的影响

采用不同浓度（0、10、20、40、100、200、400、800 mg/L）赤霉素对金丝小枣叶片进行处理,研究其对叶片生长（叶面积、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖含量）和枣果品质（枣果大小、落果数、可溶性糖、Vc、总酸、可溶性固形物含量）的影响.结果表明：与对照组相比,20 mg/L的赤霉素能显著增加叶面积,对叶片生长有利;用100 mg/L和200 mg/L的赤霉素处理,能显著增加枣果大小,降低落果数,同时,还能增加Vc、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量,总酸含量降低.表明用100 mg/L和200 mg/L的赤霉素处理金丝小枣,能有效提高金丝小枣的产量和品质.     

杂交稻空壳粒的植物激素调控

杂交稻具穗大粒多优势,但空壳粒多。喷施BA显著地降低杂交稻空壳粒和增加谷粒重量。三十烷醇对降低杂交稻空壳粒也有效果,对千粒重无明显影响。喷施GA、GA与磷或硼肥混合液,不同程度地降低杂交稻空壳粒,对千粒重影响不明显。乙烯利穗部处理,千粒重与对照持平或略有下降,但可促使结实粒增多。     

基于遗传和粒子群结合的文化算法

针对粒子群优化(PSO)算法的"早熟"现象,给出了基于遗传和粒子群结合的文化演化算法.该算法将PSO/GA纳入文化算法框架,形成PSO的主群体空间和GA的信仰群体空间,两群体空间可以独立并行演化,并在适当的时机实现信仰群体空间对主群体空间的引导,达到改善粒子群优化算法全局搜索能力、提高计算精度的目的.仿真表明,该算法的优化性能和效率优于PSO算法、GA算法和GA-PSO混合算法.     

玉米茎尖扫描电镜观察及蛋白质电泳初报

用扫描电镜观察了不同发育阶段的玉米茎尖，并对不同时期的茎尖进行蛋白质电泳。结果表明，伴随着玉米茎尖的阶段性发育，茎尖蛋白质的合成与消失也呈阶段性变化。在营养生长向生殖生长转变的转折点，玉米茎尖有多种蛋白质消失，进入生殖生长期后又有多种新的蛋白质合成。该实验结果表明，玉米茎尖的营养主长和生殖生长分别受不同的基因调控，有不同的蛋白质产生。玉米茎失多种蛋白质的突然消失可作为玉米茎尖由营养生长向生殖生长转变的生化标志。本文还探讨了玉米茎尖扫描电镜的制样方法。     

柳树NAC基因的克隆与表达模式分析

【目的】研究柳树重要抗逆转录因子基因家族,为揭示柳树抗逆分子机制提供理论依据。【方法】以‘苏柳2345’的转录组测序数据为基础,克隆了柳树NAC家族,并分析其序列结构、组织表达特异性以及不同胁迫条件下的表达模式。【结果】克隆的两个柳树NAC转录因子基因分别命名为SlNAC1和SlNAC2。生物信息学分析表明:SlNAC1序列全长为1 126 bp,编码产物含343个氨基酸残基,为稳定的亲水蛋白,定位于细胞核;SlNAC2序列全长为1 139 bp,编码产物含291个氨基酸残基,为稳定的亲水蛋白,定位于叶绿体。两个基因均具有典型的NAM结构域及A、B、C、D、E 5个亚结构域,还包括共同的LPPG、YPNG 和DEE保守基序及NAC抑制结构域。系统进化树分析显示, SlNAC1基因与木薯亲缘关系最近,SlNAC2基因与茄子亲缘关系最近。定量PCR结果显示SlNAC1和SlNAC2均在叶片表达,根中没有表达,为叶片特异性转录因子。定量PCR结果显示SlNAC1基因在脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA)处理24 h后显著上调,SlNAC2基因在聚乙二醇(PEG)、ABA和GA胁迫后显著上调。【结论】柳树SlNAC1基因在非生物胁迫下表达较为稳定,受ABA和GA胁迫诱导;SlNAC2受干旱、ABA和GA胁迫诱导,受影响明显高于SlNAC1,不受乙烯剂(ETH)胁迫影响。推测SlNAC1和SlNAC2参与GA、ABA信号传导,可能不参与ETH的信号途径。     

细胞匀浆互补法结合同工酶谱法预测T型小麦杂种优势的初步研究

通过对 Ｔ 型杂交小麦的酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶的分析,乳熟期籽粒酯酶酶带清晰、丰富,不同组合差异明显,而过氧化物酶效果较差．双亲互补匀浆酯酶同工酶,基本上能反映 Ｆ１ 酶谱类型．一般情况下,具有杂种酶型、互补酶型或偏向性状好的父本酶型为强优势组合;而无差异酶型或偏母本酶型的组合优势较弱．对幼苗互补匀浆的氧化活性测定表明,强优势组合耗氧量大,弱优势组合耗氧量少;在具有特殊超亲优势的组合中,亲本互补的匀浆氧化活性也有超亲的趋势,但在一般优势、弱优势组合中,规律性不明显     

Cloning of a down-regulated gene encoding small GTP binding protein in hybrid wheat

Previous studies showed that differential gene expression between wheathybrids and their parents was responsible for the heterosis. To provide an insight into the molecular basis of wheat heterosis, one cDNA, designated TaRab, was identified from the cDNA library of wheat seedling leaves. The sequence comparison in GenBank revealed that TaRab is homologous to a group of genes encoding Rab-GTP binding protein. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that TaRab was expressed in all plant tissues examined, but at slightly higher level in leaves. Further analysis exhibited that TaRab displayed lower expression in hybrid than in its patents in both roots and leaves, which was in agreement with the original results of suppression subtractive hybridization. TaRab was located on chromosome 7B and C-7DS5-0.36 by in silico mapping. The relationship between differential expression of TaRab and the molecular basis of wheat heterosis was also discussed.