7022铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊接区的组织与力学性能

以厚度为10mm的7022铝合金为对象进行搅拌摩擦焊接试验,研究了搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对接头组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:焊接接头具有良好的力学性能,在搅拌头转速为400r/min、焊接速度为100mm/min时,7022铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接头抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达615MPa和533 MPa,均超过了母材;焊接接头的显微硬度略低于母材;断口形貌分析表明,7022铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接件拉伸断裂为韧性断裂.     

搅拌摩擦焊接Cu-Al接头组织及焊缝质量分析

利用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)对纯铝和T2紫铜进行对接焊接时,为了获得最优工艺参数,提高焊缝质量,本研究采用不同固定位置、不同转速和不同偏移量下,Cu-Al异种材料FSW对接焊接的工艺过程。结果表明:当Cu板固定在前进侧时,在搅拌头旋转速度为1 000 r/min、焊接速度为100 mm/min、偏向铝侧2 mm的工艺参数下,可以获得高质量焊缝,焊接工艺参数与焊缝表面形貌、力学性能和微观组织以及焊缝质量密切相关。该工艺参数下焊缝的强度、硬度等力学性能基本接近于母材。通过对本研究焊缝微观组织的分析发现,焊核区晶粒发生动态再结晶并获得细化的等轴组织,热机影响区受搅拌头作用扭曲变形,晶粒沿塑材流动方向纤维化,热影响区受温度梯度影响较母材区晶粒粗大化。     

LY12铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接工艺研究

根据摩擦搅拌焊接(FSW)的固相塑性连接工艺特点,在FSW焊机上进行大量的LY12铝合金连接试验.针对接头成型特点、微观组织及力学性能等,研究了焊接规范参数对于焊缝成型的影响,确定了最佳焊接参数.结果表明,当转速在1050r/min时,随焊速增加,接头强度下降;在焊速20～60mm/min内焊接时,接头强度下降不很明显,因此在此范围内均可得到强度较高的接头.其中焊速在20mm/min时可得到强度最高的接头,其强度值为320MPa,是母材强度的73%,而用常规焊接方法进行连接时强度只有60%～70%.     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对超薄铝合金板/高强钢搭接焊接头组织及性能的影响

采用复合式搅拌头对0.7 mm厚6010铝合金板和2.0 mm厚DP600钢板进行搅拌摩擦搭接焊,在不磨损搅拌头的同时获得了性能优良的焊接接头。研究了不同焊接工艺参数对铝合金/高强钢焊接接头界面结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,在搅拌针未进入钢板的情况下,顶锻力是搅拌摩擦焊过程中的关键参数,存在一个实现铝合金/高强钢异种材料搅拌摩擦搭接焊的最小顶锻力。在恒定顶锻力5.0 kN,转速1 200 r/min的焊接条件下得到了最佳性能的焊接接头,拉伸强度达到260 MPa,且断裂发生在铝合金母材区。铝合金/高强钢界面存在一层厚2.0 μm的过渡层。     

微弧氧化处理提高AZ31B镁合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的耐蚀性

为提高镁合金焊接接头的耐蚀性,对6mm厚的AZ31B板材搅拌摩擦焊焊缝进行微弧氧化处理,并研究焊缝的微观组织、截面显微硬度及其微弧氧化前后的耐蚀性.结果表明:接头的微观组织明显分为3个区域:焊核区、热机械影响区及热影响区,并且接头整体硬度低于母材,焊接时焊核部位出现软化现象,导致其硬度最低.盐水浸泡实验和电化学测试表明,微弧氧化前焊缝的耐蚀性低于母材,经过微弧氧化处理后,焊缝表面形成一层致密光滑的陶瓷膜,极大提高其耐蚀性.并且,经同工艺微弧氧化处理后,焊缝表面微弧氧化膜要比母材的微弧氧化膜厚.     

35#钢摩擦焊多级加压对轴向缩短量及焊后组织的影响

以35#钢为焊接母材,应用连续驱动摩擦焊接方式,采用正交试验的方法并经过极差分析后,探究了中等直径焊件多级加压方式下各工艺参数对轴向缩短量的影响规律,并对焊接接头显微组织及显微硬度进行了分析.实验结果表明,对焊件轴向缩短量影响程度依次为:二级摩擦位移、二级摩擦压力、一级摩擦压力、一级摩擦位移;观察焊接接头显微组织发现焊缝处得到了细小的铁素体与珠光体相互融合的优良组织,焊缝组织达到正火态;通过对焊件焊缝及热影响区显微硬度测试后可以得出,各焊件焊缝的显微硬度值明显高于母材,不同焊接工艺参数组合方式对焊件接头晶粒存在一定影响并直接影响焊件接头硬度.     

7050铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的热稳定性

5 mm厚7050铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头在490℃固溶处理1 h,利用光学显微镜观察接头微观组织,研究接头焊核区组织的热稳定性.结果表明:焊核区的热稳定性与焊接参数有关,当以转速200 r/min,焊速20 mm/min的参数焊接后,焊核区组织稳定.而以转速600 r/min,焊速分别40、50 mm/min的参数焊接后,接头焊核区部分晶粒出现异常长大,热-机影响区与焊核区的交界面、焊核区根部是组织不稳定的源头.     

焊接速度对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的影响

以厚度3 mm的6061-T6铝合金板材搅拌摩擦焊对接接头为研究对象,建立热力耦合有限元模型,准确模拟了焊接过程的温度场分布及演变规律,采用光学显微观察、电子背散射衍射、显微硬度测量以及拉伸试验等表征方法,研究了焊接速度对焊接接头成形特性、显微组织和力学性能的影响机理.结果表明:接头焊核区在焊接过程中经历了完全动态再结晶,形成细小等轴晶;后退侧热影响区经历了动态回复,晶粒显著长大,晶界强化作用弱于焊核区晶粒;当焊接速度为300～800 mm/min时,接头焊缝成形良好,拉伸断裂均在焊缝后退侧热影响区,在焊接过程中受温度(400～480℃)影响显著,析出强化相溶解导致力学性能明显降低,在此焊接速度范围内,随速度的提高,接头强度增加,最高强度系数为80.86％(800 mm/min);当焊接速度进一步增加至1200 mm/min时,接头的焊接成形性变差,焊核区出现未焊合和隧道缺陷,接头拉伸试验时在焊核区发生断裂.     

6061-T6铝合金薄板的搅拌摩擦焊接

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)技术对1mm厚6061-T6铝合金薄板进行了对接. 研究了焊接工艺参数的范围,实验测试了焊接接头的强度、硬度和延伸率,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了接头的微观组织. 结果表明:对于1mm厚度6061-T6铝合金,FSW的最优工艺参数为旋转速度1800r·min-1,焊接速度1000mm·min-1;在此参数下,接头的硬度值达到母材的80%左右,抗拉强度达到母材的103%,延伸率达到母材的54%;接头的力学性能与微观结构相符.     

冷却条件对2519A铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊焊接厚度为2.75 mm的2519A铝合金板材。分别研究在空气和水流中冷却对焊接性能和焊缝组织的影响。实验结果表明:在旋转速度为2 700 r/min,焊接速度为60 mm/min条件下,水冷焊接得到美观并无明显缺陷的接头,提高了接头强度,抗拉强度达到340 MPa;在水冷条件下,热影响区的范围变窄,热影响区平均硬度提高,焊核区晶粒粒度比空冷条件下的更加小,硬度几乎呈直线分布;而在空冷条件下,焊核区硬度呈先上升后下降趋势,变化明显,水冷焊核区平均硬度低于空冷条件下平均硬度,这是因为空冷焊接能够提高固溶度并促进随后的时效发生。     

7075-T6合金超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊接头搅拌区组织与力学性能

搅拌区的金属流动不充分容易导致轴肩影响区与搅拌针影响区之间的过渡区出现疏松缺陷并恶化接头的力学性能.在不同焊接参数条件下,对7075-T6铝合金分别进行常规搅拌摩擦焊接(FSW)和超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊接(UAFSW),研究了超声振动对接头搅拌区的金属流动行为、微观组织特征和力学性能的影响.结果表明:相同焊接参数下,UAFSW接头搅拌区的力学性能均优于FSW接头.焊接参数为1000r/min-110mm/min 的UAFSW接头搅拌区的抗拉强度和延伸率最高,分别达到515MPa和17.3%.在搅拌摩擦焊接过程中施加轴向超声振动可以显著降低搅拌区金属的屈服应力和流变应力,促进塑化金属沿板厚方向的流动.消除搅拌区中过渡区的疏松缺陷,并细化微观组织,是接头力学性能提高的主要原因.     

Friction-stir-welded overaged 7020-T6 alloy joint: an investigation on the effect of rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties

Commercial A7020-T6 plates in the overaged state were subjected to friction stir welding with four different tool rotational speeds of 500, 710, 1000, and 1400 r/min and a single traverse feed rate of 40 mm/min. The resultant changes in the welding heat input, microstructure, and the mechanical properties of the joints were investigated. The changes were related to the processes of growth, dissolution, and re-formation of precipitates. The precipitate evolution was examined by differential scanning calorimetry, and the microstructural analysis was conducted using optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopes. The results showed that the grain size in the stirred zone(SZ) decreased substantially compared with the base metal, but increased with tool rotational speed because of the rise in temperature. We found that the width of the heat-affected zone increased with tool rotational speed. The hardness and the tensile strength in the SZ increased with increasing heat input compared with the base metal in the overaged condition. This recovery in mechanical properties of the joints can be attributed to the dissolution and re-formation of precipitates in the SZ and the thermomechanically affected zone. This process is referred to as an "auto-aging treatment."     

铝合金/钢搅拌摩擦焊与冷金属过渡焊搭接接头的拉剪载荷及显微组织分析

分别采用搅拌摩擦焊和冷金属过渡焊进行铝合金与镀锌钢的焊接试验,通过对焊缝截面显微组织、界面层成分及显微硬度的对比分析,研究影响焊接接头拉剪载荷和失效形式的因素。结果表明:搅拌摩擦焊接头的拉剪载荷接近于母材,焊缝晶粒细小、组织致密,显微硬度高于冷金属过渡焊接头,铝合金-钢异种金属界面层的结合为通过"洋葱瓣"状结构的机械咬合和冶金结合,界面层厚度约为20μm,为Al-Zn固溶体;冷金属过渡焊接头的拉剪载荷较铝母材降低了37.8%,在熔合线附近断裂,熔合线附近为柱状晶,焊缝根部存在热裂纹,显微硬度较铝母材的降低了30%,界面层厚度约为5μm,为Al-Fe金属间化合物。     

搅拌摩擦焊、搅拌振动摩擦焊和钨极惰性气体焊接AA6061-T6接头的组织和力学特性对比研究

This study compared the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of AA6061-T6 joints produced using friction stir welding (FSW), friction stir vibration welding (FSVW), and tungsten inert gas welding (TIG). FSVW is a modified version of FSW wherein the joining specimens are vibrated normal to the welding line during FSW. The results indicated that the weld region grains for FSVW and FSW were equiaxed and were smaller than the grains for TIG. In addition, the weld region grains for FSVW were finer compared with those for FSW. Results also showed that the strength, hardness, and toughness values of the joints produced by FSVW were higher than those of the other joints produced by FSW and TIG. The vibration during FSW enhanced dynamic recrystallization, which led to the development of finer grains. The weld efficiency of FSVW was approximately 81%, whereas those of FSW and TIG were approximately 74% and 67%, respectively.     

Microstructure and mechanical characteristics of AA6061-T6 joints produced by friction stir welding,friction stir vibration welding and tungsten inert gas welding: A comparative study

This study compared the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of AA6061-T6 joints produced using friction stir welding(FSW), friction stir vibration welding(FSVW), and tungsten inert gas welding(TIG). FSVW is a modified version of FSW wherein the joining specimens are vibrated normal to the welding line during FSW. The results indicated that the weld region grains for FSVW and FSW were equiaxed and were smaller than the grains for TIG. In addition, the weld region grains for FSVW were finer compared with those for FSW.Results also showed that the strength, hardness, and toughness values of the joints produced by FSVW were higher than those of the other joints produced by FSW and TIG. The vibration during FSW enhanced dynamic recrystallization, which led to the development of finer grains.The weld efficiency of FSVW was approximately 81%, whereas those of FSW and TIG were approximately 74% and 67%, respectively.     

Al-Li合金搅拌摩擦焊技术的研究进展

Al-Li合金因其低密度、高比强度、高比刚度等优点,在航空航天领域得到了广泛的应用。作为新型的固态焊接技术,搅拌摩擦焊（friction stir welding,FSW）技术为Al-Li合金的工业化应用带来了新的发展前景。综述了近年来主要Al-Li合金（包括Al-Li-Cu、Al-Cu-Li、Al-Mg-Li）FSW技术的大致研究进展,总结了FSW工艺参数及后热处理工艺参数对焊接接头显微组织及力学性能的影响规律,并展望了未来的发展方向。     

搅拌摩擦焊技术应用与研究

 在搅拌摩擦焊技术发展的10余年间,从最初的铝合金焊接发展到多种金属轻合金和非金属材料的焊接,因其固相连接的技术优势得以迅速推广。文中对搅拌摩擦焊技术研究的成果与主要研究方向予以阐述,总结了焊接材料、搅拌头结构与材料、金相组织结构与力学性能、运动学和动力学模拟,以及焊接工艺与设备研究现状与应用前景。对于焊接材料研究,已经涉及具有高温流动塑性的金属和非金属材料;各类焊接材料与搅拌头结构及焊接工艺参数的工艺数值优化也在不断规范;金相组织结构与力学性能的研究则为焊接机制研究及搅拌摩擦焊的推广应用提供理论依据;运动学和动力学模拟作为焊接工艺参数优化手段得以广泛使用;搅拌摩擦焊设备的研制国内已经起步,并由单一的固定式搅拌摩擦焊机向多种类型、智能虚拟化方向发展,为搅拌摩擦焊的推广奠定基础。随着搅拌摩擦焊技术研究和应用的深入,对连接技术的发展产生巨大的冲击和推动,特别是航天航空领域的应用,必将带动搅拌摩擦焊技术在国民经济各行业装备制造过程中的迅速发展,具有非常光明的应用前景。     

Effects of different friction stir welding conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper plates

Friction stir welding is a new and innovative welding method used to fuse materials. In this welding method, the heat generated by friction and plastic flow causes significant changes in the microstructure of the material, which leads to local changes in the mechanical properties of the weld. In this study, the effects of various welding parameters such as the rotational and traverse speeds of the tool on the microstructural and mechanical properties of copper plates were investigated; additionally, Charpy tests were performed on copper plates for the first time. Also, the effect of the number of welding passes on the aforementioned properties has not been investigated in previous studies. The results indicated that better welds with superior properties are produced when less heat is transferred to the workpiece during the welding process. It was also found that although the properties of the stir zone improved with an increasing number of weld passes, the properties of its weakest zone, the heat-affected zone, deteriorated.     

焊接速度对自适应双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接Al–Mg合金接头微观组织和机械性能的影响

The butt welds of 4-mm thick 5A06 aluminum alloy plates were produced by adjustable-gap bobbin-tool friction stir travel with travel speeds of 200, 300, and 400 mm/min in this study. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to identify the effect of the travel speed on the joint mechanical properties. Sound joints were obtained at 200 mm/min while voids were present at different positions of the joints as the travel speed increased. The EBSD results show that the grain size, high angle grain boundaries, and density of geometrically necessary dislocations in different regions of the joint vary depending on the recovery and recrystallization behavior. Specific attention was given to the relationship between the local microstructure and mechanical properties. Microhardness measurements show that the average hardness of the stir zone (SZ) was greater than that of the base material, which was only affected slightly by the travel speed. The tensile strength of the joint decreased with increasing travel speed and the maximal strength efficiency reached 99%.     

LF21铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊组织与性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对厚度为1.4 mm的LF21铝合金薄板进行单道对接焊实验。实验结果表明:在旋转速度为1 500 r/min,焊接速度为100~180 mm/min时,均可获得较好的焊接性能,焊缝的抗拉强度在125~134 MPa之间,焊接强度系数为基材强度的78%~83%,说明该铝合金薄板采用搅拌摩擦焊方法的焊接适应性好。硬度测试结果表明焊缝发生了软化,其软化区宽度约为25 mm。在焊接热循环的作用下,锰在焊缝区沿轧制方向析出并聚集成较粗大的脆性MnAl6化合物,降低了焊缝的抗拉强度。