Seasonal variations in fat body metabolism of the green frogRana esculenta (L.)

Summary Rana esculenta (L.), kept under natural conditions, show almost constant body weights in the annual cycle. Fat body weight, however, has a distinct maximum in October decreasing continuously to a May minimum which is also evident in the fat body index. The triglyceride and protein contents show the same course. Surprizingly high amounts of glycogen are found, which reach a maximum in August.     

Mise en évidence d'un système de corrélations intervenant dans la régénération des Planaires d'eau douce

Summary We show that there are correlations in regenerative fresh water planarians between all the parts of the body. When planarians are wounded in any part of the body, this mutilation will set regenerative cells in movement, which are able to travel a very long way in their migration. The extent and the speed of migration haves been shown by the method of localized X-ray irradiations.When the regenerative cells that are nearest to the wound have been killed with X-rays, regeneration occurs through the access of cells from the farther parts of the body. The nature of the stimulus is not yet known.     

Combining Economic Forecasts by Using a Maximum Entropy Econometric Approach

This paper explores the use of a maximum entropy econometric approach to combine forecasts when the small amount of information available does not allow the use of regression procedures since a dimensionality problem arises. This approach has its roots in information theory and builds on the entropy information measures and the classical maximum entropy principle, which was developed to recover information from underdetermined models. More specifically, we use the maximum entropy econometric approach for the measure of Shannon and we also propose its extension to the quadratic uncertainty measure. The experimental results over a pool of forecasts referring to Spanish inflation show some improvements when compared with equally weighted combined forecasting. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

变参数对HCCI燃烧和排放的影响

为了进一步了解代用燃料乙醇在HCCI燃烧中的应用,结合动力学软件CHEMKIN建立了乙醇燃烧的化学动力学模型,对进气温度、压缩比、进气压力对HCCI燃烧的影响进行了模拟,对HCCI的排放特性进行了分析。结果表明：HCCI燃烧明显受化学反应动力学控制,对进气温度变化反应敏感。进气温度对气缸内的温度和排放的影响显著;但是进气温度升高后CO的摩尔分数的最大值减小。转速对缸内温度的影响不明显;随着压缩比增大着火提前,压缩比对气缸内的最高温度和排放影响显著。     

Time function of corticosteroid levels in the blood plasma of rats under the influence of 222Rn inhalation.

The time function of cortocosteroid level in plasma of rats under two different 222Rn concentrations was investigated. Both curves show a maximum after 8h. Whereas the higher activity of 222Rn produces a second maximum after 5 days, the lower activity reaches its second maximum not before 9 days. From both time functions, a two-step mechanism in the intracellular control can be concluded.     

Evidence for inhibition of corpora allata activity in workers ofBombus terrestris by a pheromone from the queen's mandibular glands

Summary Queens ofBombus terrestris inhibit the activity of worker corpora allata by means of a pheromone which is produced in their mandibular glands. Exstirpated and homogenized glands as well as an extract of the queen's body surface show the same inhibitory effect as a living unmutilated queen. The pheromone remains on the body only for 1 day after the queen has been killed. The activity of the corpora allata of workers was determined volumetrically as well as by means of a juvenile hormone synthesis in vitro assay.Acknowledgment. The work was supported by the Netherlands Organisation for the advancement of pure research, ZWO.     

Time function of corticosteroid levels in the blood plasma of rats under the influence of222Rn inhalation

Summary The time function of corticosteroid level in plasma of rats under two different²²²Rn concentrations was investigated. Both curves show a maximum after 8 h. Whereas the higher activity of²²²Rn produces a second maximum after 5 days, the lower activity reaches its second maximum not before 9 days. From both time functions, a two-step mechanism in the intracellular control can be concluded.     

基于改进变步长电导增量法的光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪

针对目前变步长最大功率跟踪在复杂光照条件下的振荡问题,结合二分法查找原理,提出了一种改进的变步长电导增量法。采用boost电路作为阻抗匹配装置,此电路占空比大小与系统输出功率相对应。最大功率点附近的工作点对应的占空比。是一组有序数据。对该组数据使用二分法查找,搜寻到最大功率点所对应的占空比,以实现最大功率的跟踪。仿真结果表明,提出的算法能够有效地抑制变步长跟踪过程中的振荡。与常见的变步长算法相比,改进算法更易实现,且具有更强的适应性。     

Über eine seltene,durch Sauerstoffmangel bedingte Entwicklungsstörung der Honigbiene (Apis mellifica L.)

Summary Abnormal pupae of the honeybee are described. The heads and the fore legs of these pupae show a distinct arrest of development and are therefore non-pigmented, whereas the rest of the body is normally developed and pigmented. The disturbance is due to an obstruction of the prothoracic tracheae, which prevents the head and prothorax region from being provided with oxygen.     

PrP<Superscript>c</Superscript> and reggies/flotillins are contained in and released via lipid-rich vesicles in Jurkat T cells

A new model of caveolin association with lipid body cores has recently been proposed which may be relevant to a number of cellular processes, e.g. lipid body generation. Here we show that PrP^c and reggie-1 and reggie-2 also occur in the cores of Nile Red/Bodipy-stained (neutral lipid-containing) vesicular structures and, in immunoblots, in the lipid-enriched fraction after density gradient centrifugation. These lipid-rich vesicles increase in number following cell feeding with oleic acid, differ from early endosome antigen 1- and Lamp-2-positive endosomes/lysosomes, exhibit an opaque content and lack surrounding actin staining. Our results suggest that the content of these vesicles, together with reggie-1 and -2 and PrP^c, is expelled.Received 3 May 2004; received after revision 14 June 2004; accepted 23 June 2004     

高速铁路桥墩沉降与钢轨变形的映射关系(Ⅰ):单元板式无砟轨道系统

在分析钢轨随桥墩沉降变形机制的基础上,从理论上推导了桥上铺设单元板式无砟轨道条件下桥墩沉降和钢轨变形间的映射关系,给出了钢轨随桥墩沉降发生变形的解析表达式,与相应有限元模型的计算结果进行了对比,并分析了不同沉降量条件下的钢轨变形区域长度.研究结果显示解析模型和有限元模型得出的钢轨变形曲线十分吻合,表明两种模型均可用于求解单元板式轨道条件下桥墩沉降和钢轨变形的映射关系;常用跨度桥梁结构的桥墩沉降会对高速行驶的列车产生低频激励,该激振频率与车体的垂向自振频率相近,将对车体振动产生较大影响.     

The fine structure of the conical-headed sperm of the crinoidAntedon bifida

Summary Scanning- and transmission electron microscopy show that the sperm head ofAntedon bifida is conical and thus different from the spherical sperm head that is typical of crinoids. The head consists of the acrosome and the nucleus. The posterior fibrogranular component of the acrosome is housed in a tubular, axial invagination running from the anterior pole almost to the posterior pole of the nucleus. The middle piece includes a mitochondrion and a pair of centrioles. One of the centrioles is a basal body, which gives rise to the tail flagellum.     

Enzymatic activities in the liver, and muscle nucleic acids, in swine receiving an unbalanced diet with an excess of methionine for 100 days

Twelve growing Swine were fed an 18% protein diet (Maize and Soja bean) for one hundred days containing either 0,6% sulfur amino acids (basal diet) or 0,6% and 1% DL-methionine added to the control diet. Such an excess, reduced food intake and body weight gain mainly during the "finishing period" (60 to 100 kg). The RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios in the muscle did not show any difference. Hepatic activities of some enzymes involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and amino acid metabolism, were unchanged, except that of methionine adenosyl transferase, the first step of transsulfuration, which was induced in proportion with the amount of the methionine ingested. Swine seemed to adapt to the excessive methionine intake, which did not show any toxicity in our experimental conditions.     

带自锁功能的作动筒设计与仿真

针对某型导弹折叠翼,设计了一种带自锁和自解锁功能的作动筒。阐述了作动筒的工作原理,建立了弹翼展开角与作动筒工作力之间的关系,并借助动力学仿真软件ADAMS对整个系统进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,该种作动筒简化了折叠翼机构的设计工作,提高了系统可靠性,另外,在仿真分析中,将分离夹头作为柔性体考虑才能客观、准确地反映整个系统的运动。     

Brain weight in homing and ‘non-homing’ pigeons

Summary Homing pigeons show a 5% higher brain weight than fantails and strassers. This difference is statistically significant and independent of body size. There are no allometric differences in the eye weights.     

Estimating and Forecasting Large Panels of Volatilities with Approximate Dynamic Factor Models

We introduce an approximate dynamic factor model for modeling and forecasting large panels of realized volatilities. Since the model is estimated by means of principal components and low‐dimensional maximum likelihood, it does not suffer from the curse of dimensionality. We apply the model to a panel of 90 daily realized volatilities pertaining to S&P 100 from January 2001 to December 2008. Results show that our model is able to capture the stylized facts of panels of volatilities (comovements, clustering, long memory, dynamic volatility, skewness and heavy tails), and that it performs fairly well in forecasting, in particular in periods of turmoil, in which it outperforms standard univariate benchmarks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Timed bromocriptine administration reduces body fat stores in obese subjects and hyperglycemia in type II diabetics.

Obese postmenopausal female volunteers were given timed daily oral dosages of bromocriptine, and tested for reduction of body fat stores. This dopamine agonist has been shown to reset circadian rhythms that are altered in obese animals and to reduce body fat levels in several animal models. The participants were instructed not to alter their existing exercise and eating behavior during treatment. Skinfold measurements were taken on 33 subjects as indices of body fat. The measurements (e.g., suprailiac) were reduced after six weeks by about 25%, which represents a reduction of 11.7% of the total body fat. These dramatic decreases in body fat, which are equivalent to that produced by severe caloric restriction, were accompanied by more modest reductions of body weight (2.5%), indicating a possible conservation of protein that is usually lost as a consequence of such caloric restriction. The effects of bromocriptine treatment on body fat and hyperglycemia were also examined in non-insulin dependent diabetics being treated with oral hypoglycemics (7 subjects) or insulin (7 subjects). Total body fat was reduced by 10.7% and 5.1% in diabetics on oral hypoglycemics and insulin, respectively, without any significant reductions in body weight. Hyperglycemia was reduced in most of the 15 diabetic subjects treated leading to euglycemia and even cessation of hypoglycemic drugs in 3 of the 7 subjects during 4-8 weeks of bromocriptine treatment. These findings support the hypothesis that obesity and type II diabetes may be treated effectively with bromocriptine when administered at the proper times and dosages.     

Modeling eBay price using stochastic differential equations

Online auctions have become increasingly popular in recent years. There is a growing body of research on this topic, whereas modeling online auction price curves constitutes one of the most interesting problems. Most research treats price curves as deterministic functions, which ignores the random effects of external and internal factors. To account for the randomness, a more realistic model using stochastic differential equations is proposed in this paper. The online auction price is modeled by a stochastic differential equation in which the deterministic part is equivalent to the second‐order differential equation model proposed in Wang et al. (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 2008, 103, 1100–1118). The model also includes a component representing the measurement errors. Explicit expressions for the likelihood function are also obtained, from which statistical inference can be conducted. Forecast accuracy of the proposed model is compared with the ODE (ordinary differential equation) approach. Simulation results show that the proposed model performs better.     

Medical representations of the body in Japan: gender, class, and discourse in the eighteenth century

This paper examines the introduction of European anatomy to Japan via translated medical texts in the eighteenth century. It argues how detailed illustrations of the body found in the texts presented a new discourse by which to objectify and control the body, and new metaphors and analogies by which to view society. Inspection of bodily parts through dissection and the reading of anatomical texts marked a transition to Western forms of science, to 'reliable' knowledge which was certified by the social status of the author. By looking at one important text, the Kaitai shinsho [A New Book of Anatomy] (1774), it will be shown that changes in representations of the body reflect the social construction of gender.     

Murder and the Making of English CSI

We study here the reception by their contemporaries of Antoine de Villon's and étienne de Clave's anti-Aristotelian, almost materialistic and atomistic theses, which they intended to support publicly in Paris in 1624, using (al)chemical experiments to this purpose. After surveying the intellectual context which could have then nourished an atomism based upon (al)chemical experiments, we go on to show how these theses, far from having been perceived as prominently atomistic, were condemned by the contemporaries above all because of the theological implications of their provocative anti-Aristotelism. Alchemy itself was not directly implicated in the case of the theses. On the contrary, the theses were perceived as an alien body within the alchemical tradition.