两粒子纠缠态的非局域性

在两个自旋1／2粒子形成纠缠态的条件下，不用不等式证明了量子力学具Einstein,Poldolsky和Rosen的局域实在论所地说明的非局域关联性，从而证明了局域实在论不能重现量子力学的独特的非经典特性。     

量子态的非局域关联性

在普遍的两个自旋1/2粒子量子态下证明了局域实在论与量子力学是不相容的,推广了Hardy在两个粒子非最大纠缠态下关于Bell 定理的证明.通过纠缠态下广义量子不可克隆定理中的正交条件的转移证明了量子力学非局域关联性.     

狭义相对论研究中的若干问题

量子力学(QM)在本质上具有非经典性、微观性和非局域性,故量子力学与狭义相对论(SR)在根本上不具有一致性。EPR论文集中代表了爱因斯坦对量子力学的不满和捍卫狭义相对论自然观的意图。虽然狭义相对论不允许超光速状态,但量子力学的非局域性表示出现超光速是可能的。实际上,超光速问题是狭义相对论与量子力学有尖锐矛盾的证明。对已有超光速实验作分类整理后指出,不少实验很象是一种量子行为,而这些实验是对狭义相对论和量子力学理论研究的激励。最后指出,对光子静质量虽已做过许多研究,仍有一些问题有待解决。     

Bell定理现有实验检验的不可靠性

论述了量子力学系综解释的合理性，指出Ｂｅｌｌ定理的实验检验应是这样一类实验，即与组成系统的所有系统的制备相应的事件间的时空间隔是类空间隔，而Ｂｅｌｌ定理现有实验检验都是非类空型的，因而是不可靠的，也证明了在系统制备为非类空的限制下局域隐变数理论可以与量子力学一致。     

非纠缠光子对的鬼衍射现象

设计了一个实验装置,经理论计算表明,用此装置进行实验,应当可以观察到鬼衍射现象。在这个实验中,非纠缠光子对空间上没有分离,因而不牵涉非局域性。由此可以断定鬼衍射现象并不能作为量子力学非局域性存在的实验证明。     

评维格纳对贝尔定理的证明

本文证明：（１）在维格纳对贝尔定理的证明中，关于自旋诸分量的联合概率是一种操作定义；（２）对于这种定义，维格纳用到的边缘概率公式是一个隐蔽的假设，它既与量子力学相矛盾又与事实不符；（３）这个假设与定域性原理和实在论没有任何关系，所以，维格纳的证明是无效的。     

四维四磁位与电磁场的量子化

论述了通过四维矢量电磁位函数统一描写的电磁场,讨论了Aharonov-BOhm效应呈现的量子力学非局域性,从Coulomb规范出发进行电磁场的量子化并导出零点能。     

四维电磁位与电磁场的量子化

论述了通过四维矢量电磁位函数统一描写的电磁场 ;讨论了Aharonov -Bohm效应呈现的量子力学非局域性 ;从Coulomb规范出发进行电磁场的量子化并导出零点能     

对EPR悖论的一个分析——分析理性与辩证理性之联手

1.悖论产生的要害或根源在于,背景知识是＂有缺陷的＂却又被公认为正确的。2.EPR悖论是量子力学领域中的一个著名悖论。爱因斯坦等人借助于理想实验和EPR论证,发掘了量子力学背后在元理论层次的奇特的非定域性假设,从表面上看,似乎违背相对论的要求。3.爱因斯坦想维护实在论和非超距作用并不错,但量子整体性或远程关联性也不容忽视,它将展示有待进一步挖掘的深刻含义。4.分析理性与辩证理性的联手,是化解科学上悖论的强有力的思想工具。     

Virial定理的证明及应用

利用平均值公式证明了量子力学中的Ｖｉｒｉａｌ定理,并通过实例说明了该定理在量子力学等学科中的应用。     

An experimental test of non-local realism

Most working scientists hold fast to the concept of 'realism'--a viewpoint according to which an external reality exists independent of observation. But quantum physics has shattered some of our cornerstone beliefs. According to Bell's theorem, any theory that is based on the joint assumption of realism and locality (meaning that local events cannot be affected by actions in space-like separated regions) is at variance with certain quantum predictions. Experiments with entangled pairs of particles have amply confirmed these quantum predictions, thus rendering local realistic theories untenable. Maintaining realism as a fundamental concept would therefore necessitate the introduction of 'spooky' actions that defy locality. Here we show by both theory and experiment that a broad and rather reasonable class of such non-local realistic theories is incompatible with experimentally observable quantum correlations. In the experiment, we measure previously untested correlations between two entangled photons, and show that these correlations violate an inequality proposed by Leggett for non-local realistic theories. Our result suggests that giving up the concept of locality is not sufficient to be consistent with quantum experiments, unless certain intuitive features of realism are abandoned.     

Experimental violation of a Bell's inequality with efficient detection

Local realism is the idea that objects have definite properties whether or not they are measured, and that measurements of these properties are not affected by events taking place sufficiently far away. Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen used these reasonable assumptions to conclude that quantum mechanics is incomplete. Starting in 1965, Bell and others constructed mathematical inequalities whereby experimental tests could distinguish between quantum mechanics and local realistic theories. Many experiments have since been done that are consistent with quantum mechanics and inconsistent with local realism. But these conclusions remain the subject of considerable interest and debate, and experiments are still being refined to overcome 'loopholes' that might allow a local realistic interpretation. Here we have measured correlations in the classical properties of massive entangled particles (9Be+ ions): these correlations violate a form of Bell's inequality. Our measured value of the appropriate Bell's 'signal' is 2.25 +/- 0.03, whereas a value of 2 is the maximum allowed by local realistic theories of nature. In contrast to previous measurements with massive particles, this violation of Bell's inequality was obtained by use of a complete set of measurements. Moreover, the high detection efficiency of our apparatus eliminates the so-called 'detection' loophole.     

Experimental test of quantum nonlocality in three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement

Bell's theorem states that certain statistical correlations predicted by quantum physics for measurements on two-particle systems cannot be understood within a realistic picture based on local properties of each individual particle-even if the two particles are separated by large distances. Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen first recognized the fundamental significance of these quantum correlations (termed 'entanglement' by Schrodinger) and the two-particle quantum predictions have found ever-increasing experimental support. A more striking conflict between quantum mechanical and local realistic predictions (for perfect correlations) has been discovered; but experimental verification has been difficult, as it requires entanglement between at least three particles. Here we report experimental confirmation of this conflict, using our recently developed method to observe three-photon entanglement, or 'Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger' (GHZ) states. The results of three specific experiments, involving measurements of polarization correlations between three photons, lead to predictions for a fourth experiment; quantum physical predictions are mutually contradictory with expectations based on local realism. We find the results of the fourth experiment to be in agreement with the quantum prediction and in striking conflict with local realism.     

维里定理的几种应用

本文首先证明经典力学的维里定理在量子力学中同样成立,然后导出在相对论和极端相对论情况下维里定理的形式,最后应用于几个特例中.     

Experimental demonstration of five-photon entanglement and open-destination teleportation

Quantum-mechanical entanglement of three or four particles has been achieved experimentally, and has been used to demonstrate the extreme contradiction between quantum mechanics and local realism. However, the realization of five-particle entanglement remains an experimental challenge. The ability to manipulate the entanglement of five or more particles is required for universal quantum error correction. Another key process in distributed quantum information processing, similar to encoding and decoding, is a teleportation protocol that we term 'open-destination' teleportation. An unknown quantum state of a single particle is teleported onto a superposition of N particles; at a later stage, this teleported state can be read out (for further applications) at any of the N particles, by a projection measurement on the remaining particles. Here we report a proof-of-principle demonstration of five-photon entanglement and open-destination teleportation (for N = 3). In the experiment, we use two entangled photon pairs to generate a four-photon entangled state, which is then combined with a single-photon state. Our experimental methods can be used for investigations of measurement-based quantum computation and multi-party quantum communication.     

量子力学中一个基本物理思想的前因后论

文章从历史上分析了量子力学波粒二象性的起源，以及被确立的过程。指出了量子理论初期的结构性矛盾，并认为在当今的量子力学体系中，应正确理解波粒二象性的物理意义。它不能再作为量子理论成立的核心基本条件，仅是一种局限意义下的经典类比，而决不能作为一种普遍性的构成原则。     

Experimental non-classicality of an indivisible quantum system

In contrast to classical physics, quantum theory demands that not all properties can be simultaneously well defined; the Heisenberg uncertainty principle is a manifestation of this fact. Alternatives have been explored--notably theories relying on joint probability distributions or non-contextual hidden-variable models, in which the properties of a system are defined independently of their own measurement and any other measurements that are made. Various deep theoretical results imply that such theories are in conflict with quantum mechanics. Simpler cases demonstrating this conflict have been found and tested experimentally with pairs of quantum bits (qubits). Recently, an inequality satisfied by non-contextual hidden-variable models and violated by quantum mechanics for all states of two qubits was introduced and tested experimentally. A single three-state system (a qutrit) is the simplest system in which such a contradiction is possible; moreover, the contradiction cannot result from entanglement between subsystems, because such a three-state system is indivisible. Here we report an experiment with single photonic qutrits which provides evidence that no joint probability distribution describing the outcomes of all possible measurements--and, therefore, no non-contextual theory--can exist. Specifically, we observe a violation of the Bell-type inequality found by Klyachko, Can, Binicio?lu and Shumovsky. Our results illustrate a deep incompatibility between quantum mechanics and classical physics that cannot in any way result from entanglement.     

定域隐变量理论的实验检验

<正> 一、历史上两种观点的争论量子力学的形式体系是完美的,它经受了半个多世纪的各种严格的实验检验,但是关于量子力学理论基础的解释,无论物理上还是哲学上都存在重大的原则分岐。假若把量子力学的形式体系彻底地贯彻到对现实物理世界的认识中去,那么势必导致与经典物理概念和传统哲学观念格格不入的新概念和新观点     

受非线性作用的微观粒子的运动特性及其非线性量子力学理论(Ⅰ)

与线性场的情况相比，微观粒子在非线性作用下的运动特性和本性发生很大变化，这说明在线性作用和非线性场中微观粒子的性质是明显不同的．这启示我们必须建立微观粒子在非线性体系或非线性场中运动规律的新理论．为此研究了与线性量子力学描写的微观量子效应迥然不同的宏观量子效应与非线性作用下的孤立子运动的紧密关系．结合现代孤立子理论和超导与超流理论，首先提出了非线性量子力学的基本原理及在此基础上建立了系统、完整的非线性量子力学理论体系，以及由此理论得出的一些新结论．最后还论证这个理论的正确性和自洽性，理论的运用范围及它的重大意义．