Sur la biosynthèse des constituants amers des Simarubacées

Summary The biosynthesis of glaucarubinone (IXa) and glaucarubolone (IXb), the bitter constituents ofSimarouba glauca (Simaroubaceae), has been investigated with the help of [2-¹⁴C] mevalonic acid lactone. The results so far obtained are consistent with the scheme involving a tetracyclic triterpene of the apoeuphol type as a precursor of these bitter substances.

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Avec la collaboration technique de Mlle A.Merrien.     

Über die Alkaloide vonRauwolfia ligustrina R. & S. Raugustin,ein neues reserpinähnliches Alkaloid

Summary Twenty-one alkaloids have been identified from the root ofRauwolfia ligustrina R. & S. The more important ones are reserpine, pseudoreserpine and raugustine, a new base which is isomer to pseudoreserpine. The structure of the latter compound is discussed.

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Mitteilung über Rauwolfia-Alkaloide

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Mitteilung sieheC. F. Huebner undE. Schlittler, J. Amer. chem. Soc.79, 250 (1957).     

Marquage intense de la couche des «wedge granules» dans les oocytes en prématuration de la Caille japonaise (Coturnix coturnix japonica) après injection del-leucine-3H

Summary After an i.p. injection ofl-leucine-³H in regularly laying Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and autoradiographic study of their premature oocytes, the wedge granules layer and polar granules are found to be heavily labelled.

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L'auteur remerçie vivement le ProfesseurL. Vakaet (R.U.C.A.) pour ses suggestions.     

Beitrag zur Ätiologie der Hexenbesenkrankheit der KakteeOpuntia tuna (=tuna monstrosa)

Summary Mycoplasma-like bodies, as well as virus-like particles, were observed in phloem elements ofOpuntia tuna monstrosa. The mycoplasma-like bodies, but not the virus-like particles, disappeared in tetracycline hydrochloride treated plants, which indicated a mycoplasma etiology of the witches' broom disease ofOpuntia tuna.

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This investigation was supported, in part, by a grant from the National Science Foundation No. GB-11861, Washington, D.C.     

Constituants amers deBrucea amarissima structures des brucéines A,B et C

Summary Evidence is presented for the structures (II a), (II b) and (II c) for the bruceines A, B and C, the bitter principles isolated from the seeds ofBrucea amarissima.

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18ème Communication sur les constituants amers des Simarubacées; 17ème Communication, voir².     

Untersuchungen über die Tumorbildung beim amphidiploiden Bastard vonNicotiana langsdorffii undNicotiana glauca

Summary The occurrence of tumours of the amphidiploid hybrid ofNicotiana glauca andN. langsdorfii can — as was found in organculture — be connected with the specific formation of callus ofN. glauca. Those factors ofN. glauca which hinder callus growth, are obviously disturbed by the hybridization withN. langsdorffii, so thatN. glauca's potency in forming callus can manifest itself uninhibitedly and thus produce tumours.

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Den Herren Prof. Dr.G. de Lattin (Zoologisches Institut der Universität des Saarlandes) und Prof. Dr.F. Anders (Genetisches Institut der Justus Liebig-Universität, Giessen) bin ich für die Förderung dieser Arbeit zu grösstem Dank verpflichtet.     

Nachweis von Scilliglaucosidin in den Zwiebeln vonBowiea volubilis Harvey

Summary Hellebrigenin was converted to Scilliglaucosidin-19-ol and 3-Epi-Scilliglaucosidin-19-ol. This proves the correctness of the assumption ofStoll et al. ³ that the aldehydic group of Scilliglaucosidin is in position C-10.Comparison of a reduction product of Nabogenin, a substance isolated earlier from the bulbs ofBowiea volubilis Harvey, with Scilliglaucosidin-19-ol and 3-Epi-Scilliglaucosidin-19-ol showed its identity with the first named compound. This proves that the so called Nabogenin was a mixture consisting mainly of Scilliglaucosidin.

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8. Mitteilung über die Glykoside vonBowiea vocubilis Harvey und 162. Mitteilung über Glykoside und Aglykone.

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7. Mitt.:A. Katz, Helv. chim. Acta38, 1565 (1955).

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161. Mitt.:H. Kündig-Hegedüs undO. Schindler, Helv. chim. Acta39, 904 (1956).     

Untersuchungen über stabile und während der frühen Quellungsstadien neu synthetisierte Poly(A)-RNA vonAgrostemma-Samen

Summary RNA isolated from dry embryos ofAgrostemma githago seeds contains poly(A)-sequences, but in very small amounts. In the early phase of imbibition, an intensive synthesis of poly(A)-containing RNA is brought about. The importance of this synthesis of poly(A)-RNA is discussed.

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Herrn Dr.E. Serfling (Gatersleben, DDR) danke ich für methodische Hinweise und für die Überlassung einiger Chemikalien.     

Vergleich der Alkaloidbildung vonClaviceps purpurea in parasitischer und saprophytischer Kultur

Summary Three monoconidial strains ofClaviceps purpurea were grown parasitically on rye and saprophytically on a nutrient medium. The qualitative alkaloid spectra were nearly identical in the sclerotia and in the corresponding saprophytic cultures, while the quantitative distribution of some of the alkaloids differed considerably.

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53. Mitteilung über Mutterkornalkaloide. 52. Mitt. s. Helv. chim. Acta45, 276 (1962).     

Über die hemmung des wachstums vonLactobacillus casei durch einige antiphlogistica

Summary A new method for the classification of antiphlogistics is described using the growth inhibition ofLactobacillus casei. In this test the fenamic acids and particularly the new class of the Cinnopentazon-antiphologistics (Scha 306, Scha 764 etc.) exhibit bacteriostatic properties of a medium intensity.

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Alexander von Muralt zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Raster-elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der Hausstaub- und Asthma-MilbeDermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart, 1897) (Acarina: Astigmata)

Summary Various methods of fixation ofDermatophagoides pteronyssinus for the REM were tested. OsO₄ vapor yielded the best results. The morphology of male and female mites is described, based on REM exposures.

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Naturhistorisches Museum Basel.     

Action du LiCl sur de jeunes blastodermes de poulet cultivésin vitro

Summary The young blastoderms cultivatedin vitro, by the method ofNew, slightly modified, grow abnormally on a medium of albumen mixed with LiCl solution. It acts in the first place upon the morphogenesis, secondarily upon the differentiation of organs, if they are able to develop.

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Travail subventionné par le Fonds national suisse de la Recherche scientifique.     

Zum Schlüpfprozess bei Fischen: I. Der Aufbau der Eihülle und ihre Veränderungen während der Keimesentwicklung bei der Forelle (Salmo trutta fario L.)

Summary The investigation of the egg shell ofSalmo trutta fario L. reveals several layers, which are chemically and physically different. During development of the egg, the chorion does not show notable changes in structure. Immediately at hatching the dissolution of the egg takes place as a result of the glands being on the head of the embryo.

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FräuleinBarbara Blum danken wir für ihre technische Hilfe.

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Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft sei für finanzielle Unterstützung gedankt.     

Differenzierendes Kaulquappen-Fressen durch Molche

Summary Differential predation on tadpoles by newts (Triturus). 4 EuropeanTriturus species (T. alpestris, T. cristatus, T. helveticus, T. vulgaris) feed upon the tadpoles of the following Anura species which occur in sympatry with the newts:Rana esculenta, R. temporaria andBombina variegata. OnlyTriturus cristatus prey also upon the tadpoles ofBufo bufo andB. calamita. Triturus alpestris, T. helveticus andT. vulgaris do not eat anyBufo tadpoles. Even larvae ofTriturus alpestris prey upon tadpoles ofRana esculenta, R. ridibunda andBombina variegata but avoid tadpoles ofBufo calamita.

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Mit Unterstützung des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung.     

Enniatin,ein neues,gegen Mykobakterien wirksames Antibiotikum

Summary From the mycelium ofFusarium orthoceras App. et Wr. var.enniatinum n. v. we have isolated in crystalline form a new antibiotic substance called Enniatin. The chemical and biological characteristics of this substance are described. Enniatin is especially activein vitro against several mycobacteria.

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Ausgeführt mit einem Beitrag aus den Arbeitsbeschaffungskrediten des Eidg. Militärdepartements.     

Développement cyclique du réticulum endoplasmique agranulaire dans les glandes thoraciques (glandes ecdysiales) deRhodnius prolixus Stäl (Insecte: Hétéroptère) aux deux derniers stades larvaires

Summary Ultrastructural study of the thoracic glands ofRhodnius prolixus at the 2 last larval instars demonstrates the cyclic differentiation of meshed networks of agranular endoplasmic reticulum. At the time of abdomen apolysis the ecdysial cells are compartmentalized into a peripheral array of agranular reticulum with sparsely mitochondria. The close association of agranular reticulum and mitochondria is interpreted as indicative of functional coupling in relation with steroid like ecdysone synthesis.

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Les auteurs tiennent à remercier le Dr J.-M. Pinet (I.N.A., Paris) pour l'envoi de la souche deRhodnius utilisée dans nos élevages.     

Die Farbstoffe der Blattläuse(Aphididae)

Summary Many dark-coloured species ofAphididae contain a colouring matter (protoaphin) of unusual structure in the haemolymph. After death of the insect this undergoes a remarkable series of changes by enzymic action yielding successively the pigments xanthoaphin, chrysoaphin and erythroaphin. Recent investigations leading to the complete structural elucidation of all these pigments is described.

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ViertePaul-Karrer-Vorlesung von Lord A. R. Todd F. R. S., gehalten an der Universität Zürich am 4, Juli 1962.     

Reserpinin,ein neues Alkaloid ausRauwolfia serpentina Benth

Summary Reserpinine, a minor alkaloid ofRauwolfia serpentina Benth. accompanying Reserpine, has been isolated, and its structural formula is proposed.

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10. Mitteilung über Rauwolfia Alkaloide. — 9. Mitteilung sieheF. Bader, D. F. Dickel undE. Schlittler, Amer. Soc.76 (1954) (im Druck).     

Variations de la différence de potentiel électrochimique des chlorures chezNitella en présence de benzène sulphonate

Summary The chloride electrochemical potential difference between the inside of cells ofNitella translucens and some external solutions, where Cl has been progressively replaced by benzenesulphonate, has been measured by means of Ag-AgCl electrodes. It appears that benzenesulphonate moves into the cell by an electrogenic pump and that the uptake of Cl byNitella is not in contradiction with a carrier hypothesis.

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This work was supported by grants from the F.N.R.S. and was carried out in the Biophysics Section of the Edinburgh University. We are indebted to Dr. E. J.Williams and Dr.Hogg for having sponsored this research and kindly provided the material.     

Neurosécrétion et régulation hydroélectrolytique chezArtemia salina

Summary The activity ofArtemia protocerebral median neurosecretory cells is stimulated when animals are grown in media whose tonicity is lower than that of sea weater. The substance liberated by these cells could regulate the tonicity of the internal medium.

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Neurosécrétion et régulation hydroélectrolytique chezArtemia salina

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Travail réalisé avec l'appui financier du FRFC (programme No 2.9010.75).