Sequence of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes 1, 3-9 and 13

Since the sequencing of the first two chromosomes of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, there has been a concerted effort to sequence and assemble the entire genome of this organism. Here we report the sequence of chromosomes 1, 3-9 and 13 of P. falciparum clone 3D7--these chromosomes account for approximately 55% of the total genome. We describe the methods used to map, sequence and annotate these chromosomes. By comparing our assemblies with the optical map, we indicate the completeness of the resulting sequence. During annotation, we assign Gene Ontology terms to the predicted gene products, and observe clustering of some malaria-specific terms to specific chromosomes. We identify a highly conserved sequence element found in the intergenic region of internal var genes that is not associated with their telomeric counterparts.     

Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells

Recent advances in whole-genome sequencing have brought the vision of personal genomics and genomic medicine closer to reality. However, current methods lack clinical accuracy and the ability to describe the context (haplotypes) in which genome variants co-occur in a cost-effective manner. Here we describe a low-cost DNA sequencing and haplotyping process, long fragment read (LFR) technology, which is similar to sequencing long single DNA molecules without cloning or separation of metaphase chromosomes. In this study, ten LFR libraries were made using only ～100?picograms of human DNA per sample. Up to 97% of the heterozygous single nucleotide variants were assembled into long haplotype contigs. Removal of false positive single nucleotide variants not phased by multiple LFR haplotypes resulted in a final genome error rate of 1 in 10?megabases. Cost-effective and accurate genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10-20 human cells, as demonstrated here, will enable comprehensive genetic studies and diverse clinical applications.     

Evidence for two distinct c-src loci on human chromosomes 1 and 20

A number of proto-oncogenes have recently been localized to the chromosomal segments that are the breakpoints in the specific rearrangements noted in human malignant diseases. Moreover, rearranged forms of several proto-oncogenes have been identified in malignant cells; in several instances, the proto-oncogene has undergone an alteration as a result of a nonrandom chromosomal rearrangement. One proto-oncogene that has yet to be associated with human neoplastic disease is c-src, the cellular homologue of the transforming sequence of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). By somatic cell hybridization, c-src has been mapped to chromosome 20, but its precise location was not determined. We have now mapped this gene by using in situ hybridization of the cloned human c-src probe to human mitotic chromosomes. We report here that the human genome contains two loci with strong homology to the coding regions of this oncogene, at 1p34-p36 and 20q12-q13. It is noteworthy that these chromosomal regions are frequently involved in the structural rearrangements observed in haematological malignant diseases.     

Comparison of human genetic and sequence-based physical maps

Recombination is the exchange of information between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis. The rate of recombination per nucleotide, which profoundly affects the evolution of chromosomal segments, is calculated by comparing genetic and physical maps. Human physical maps have been constructed using cytogenetics, overlapping DNA clones and radiation hybrids; but the ultimate and by far the most accurate physical map is the actual nucleotide sequence. The completion of the draft human genomic sequence provides us with the best opportunity yet to compare the genetic and physical maps. Here we describe our estimates of female, male and sex-average recombination rates for about 60% of the genome. Recombination rates varied greatly along each chromosome, from 0 to at least 9 centiMorgans per megabase (cM Mb(-1)). Among several sequence and marker parameters tested, only relative marker position along the metacentric chromosomes in males correlated strongly with recombination rate. We identified several chromosomal regions up to 6 Mb in length with particularly low (deserts) or high (jungles) recombination rates. Linkage disequilibrium was much more common and extended for greater distances in the deserts than in the jungles.     

晶体包合物反式-9,10-二氢-9,10-二(1-萘基)-9,10-菲二醇·二环己胺的结构研究

制得了晶体包合物反式_9,10_二氢_9,10_二 (1_萘基 )_9,10_菲二醇·二环己胺 ,通过熔点测定 ,IR ,粉末XRD对其进行了表征 ,用1 HNMR测定其分子摩尔比为 1∶2 ,X_射线衍射结果表明晶体属于正交晶系 ,空间群为Pnca,晶胞参数 :a =1 6 714(3) ,b=1 6 875 ,c=1 72 2 4(3)nm ,V =4 85 80 (15 )nm3 ,Z =8。其中客体分子通过氢键被包合在主体分子形成的空腔中     

10-（2，5-二羟基苯基）-9，10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-膦菲-10-氧化物的合成研究

以1，4-二氧六环为溶剂，在回流温度下反应0．5h并经乙二醇单乙醚重结晶制备阻燃剂ODOPB，产率达到9lI8％，纯度达到98．8％．用红外光谱、核磁氢谱对产物进行结构表征，所得数据与其结构相吻合．该方法所用溶剂沸点适中、毒性小，具有操作简便、溶剂方便回收重复使用，成本低，环境污染少等特点，是工业化生产ODOPB的较佳方法．     

Closely related sequences on human X and Y chromosomes outside the pairing region

During meiosis the human X and Y chromosomes form a synaptonemal complex which covers most of Yp and the terminal 30% of Xp (ref. 1). By analogy with the autosomes, this is presumed to reflect DNA sequence homology. It has been suggested that these regions of the X and Y chromosomes contain either related or identical loci which are distal to a site of cross-over, and support for these ideas has come from the finding that an X-linked cell-surface antigen controlling gene MIC2 is related to a gene on the Y chromosome. A number of DNA sequences have been shown to occur either on the X and Y chromosomes or on the X, Y and autosomes. We have now isolated a sequence from the Y chromosome which is present on Xq and Yq. This region lies well outside the pairing segments, and sequence analysis reveals no base change in 1 kilobase pair (kb). This high degree of similarity between the X and Y chromosomes near the tips of the long arms is a strong indication that interchange can occur in this region.     

无3-，6-，9-和10-圈的平面图的3-可选择性

证明了每个围长至少是4且不含6-圈，9-圈和10-圈的平面图是3-可选择的.     

X13—1菌体蛋白对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究高蛋白含量的Fusarium菌株X13－1的最佳生长条件,并从菌丝体中获得了高达47％的菌体蛋白,再用热休克方法使其中RNA的含量降至2％以下,使之符合WHO标准,通过动物免疫实验证明,这种部分纯化的菌体蛋白可以增强小鼠的免疫功能。     

1A6/DRIM,the human UTP20 functions in 28S and 5.8S rRNA processing

1A6/DRIM has been identified as UTP20, a small subunit processome component, functioning in 18S rRNA processing. In the present study, the maturation of 28S rRNA and 5.8S rRNA was inhibited when 1A6/DRIM was silenced in HeLa cells; and coin-cidently, an accumulation of 32S rRNA precursor was observed. Immunoprecipitation was performed with the anti-1A6/DRIM antibody, followed by Northern blot with the ITS2 probe. The results showed that 1A6/DRIM was associated with both 32S and 12S rRNA precursors in vivo. The expression profile of 1A6/DRIM during rRNA processing was investigated by sucrose density gradient fractionation in combination with Western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that 1A6/DRIM was involved in the pre-60S particles in addition to the pre-40S particles and co-sediment with the 32S and 12S rRNA precursors in the nucleolus. Furthermore, the interaction of U8 snoRNA with 1A6/DRIM was revealed by immunoprecipitation. These results demonstrated that 1A6/DRIM interacted with both 32S rRNA and U8 snoRNA, being involved in 28S rRNA and 5.8S rRNA processing.     

Sequence of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes 2, 10, 11 and 14

The mosquito-borne malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum kills an estimated 0.7-2.7 million people every year, primarily children in sub-Saharan Africa. Without effective interventions, a variety of factors-including the spread of parasites resistant to antimalarial drugs and the increasing insecticide resistance of mosquitoes-may cause the number of malaria cases to double over the next two decades. To stimulate basic research and facilitate the development of new drugs and vaccines, the genome of Plasmodium falciparum clone 3D7 has been sequenced using a chromosome-by-chromosome shotgun strategy. We report here the nucleotide sequences of chromosomes 10, 11 and 14, and a re-analysis of the chromosome 2 sequence. These chromosomes represent about 35% of the 23-megabase P. falciparum genome.     

9～10周龄CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠血生化、主要脏器重量及脏器系数测定

摘要：目的 测定CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠血生化、主要脏器重量和脏器系数,并进行比较分析。方法 随机选取9～10周龄SPF级CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠各40只,雌雄各半。分别称重,麻醉后摘眼球采血后,颈椎脱臼处死,运用全自动生化分析仪测定血生化指标,并采集脏器测定脏器重量,计算脏器系数。 结果 14项血生化指标比较,CB6F1小鼠雌雄之间有11项指标（11/14）、B6CF1小鼠雌雄之间有9项指标（9/14）、CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠雌性之间有10项指标（10/14）,雄性之间11项（11/14）指标均存在显著性差异（P﹤0.05）。CB6F1与B6CF1小鼠主要脏器重量与脏器系数比较,同品系雌雄之间,同性别2个品系之间,均有部分指标存在显著性差异（P﹤0.05）。结论 以BALB/c和C57BL/6为不同父母本杂交产生的F1代小鼠CB6F1和B6CF1,其血生化指标、脏器重量和脏器系数有所不同。     

鄂尔多斯盆地定边地区延9、延10、长1标志层特征及其成因

利用岩芯、测井等资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地定边东仁沟地区延长组顶部及延安组底部进行初步的地层划分对比,划分的过程中对延安组延9、延10的煤层或炭质泥岩、侏罗系与三叠系之间的不整合面等不同类型的标志层进行识别,并对其电性特征进行阐述,研究其沉积成因,从而进一步指导研究区的地层精细划分工作。延10顶部的标志层与延9顶部分布不稳定的辅助标志层将两层分开,延10底部大段砂岩与长1顶部的不整合面将三叠系-侏罗系分开。在此基础上又将延9、延10分别分为上下两个小层。     

1，10－菲罗啉－5，6－二醌伏安行为研究

在０．５０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ~（－１）ＮＨ_３－ＮＨ_４Ｃｌ缓冲溶液中，１，１０－菲罗啉－５，６－二醌有一还原伏安峰。当静止富集２ｍｉｎ，ｖ＝１００ｍＶ·ｓ~（－１）时，其峰电位Ｅ_ｐ＝－１．３１Ｖ（ｖｓ．Ａｇ／ＡｇＣｌ）。用线性扫描和循环伏安法等手段研究体系的伏安行为，特别是吸附性。实验表明，该体系属具有吸附性的不可逆过程。用于单扫示波极谱法测定，线性范围为５．０×１０~（－８）～５．０×１０~（－６）ｍｏｌ·Ｌ~（－１），其相关系数为０．９９９５。     

燃煤烟气在13X分子筛上的吸附行为与热力学分析

采用静态容积法测定SO2,NO,CO2,N2和O2在13X分子筛上的吸附等温线,通过Langmuir,Sips和Toth等温方程进行拟合。研究结果表明:Sips具有较好的拟合效果。在烟气温度为75℃下,SO2,NO,CO2,N2和O2的饱和吸附量分别为:65,49,869,154和105μmol/g。由等量吸附热的计算表明:吸附热均随吸附量的升高而增大,SO2,NO,CO2,N2和O2的最大吸附热分别为:-9.35,-12.93,-31.96,-29.38和-25.09 kJ/mol。运用负载比关联模型预测5种气体的竞争吸附行为发现:多组分竞争吸附导致SO2,NO和CO2吸附量降为单组分气体吸附量的一半。在常压吸附真空解吸下可实现SO2,NO和CO2富集的体积分数为8.3%,2.9%和51.0%。     

5,10,15,20-四(4-磺酸基苯基)卟啉的合成方法改进

用2种方法合成了5,10,15,20-四(4-磺酸基苯基)卟啉,实验表明:用氯仿作溶剂,氯磺酸作磺化剂比浓硫酸环境中磺化制备有明显的高的产率,且反应时间短、操作条件也相对简单.     

Phytate: impact on environment and human nutrition. A challenge for molecular breeding

Phytic acid （PA） is the primary storage compound of phosphorus in seeds accounting for up to 80% of the total seed phosphorus and contributing as much as 1.5% to the seed dry weight. The negatively charged phosphate in PA strongly binds to metallic cations of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Zn making them insoluble and thus unavailable as nutritional factors. Phytate mainly accumulates in protein storage vacuoles as globoids, predominantly located in the aleurone layer （wheat, barley and rice） or in the embryo （maize）. During germination, phytate is hydrolysed by endogenous phytase（s） and other phosphatases to release phosphate, inositol and micronutrients to support the emerging seedling. PA and its derivatives are also implicated in RNA export, DNA repair, signalling, endocytosis and cell vesicular trafficking. Our recent studies on purification of phytate globoids, their mineral composition and dephytinization by wheat phytase will be discussed. Biochemical data for purified and characterized phytases isolated from more than 23 plant species are presented, the dephosphorylation pathways of phytic acid by different classes of phytases are compared, and the application of phytase in food and feed is discussed.     

内含式复合物X@Si20H20（X=N,P,As,C^-,Si^）的结构和稳定性

用DFT的B3LYP方法在6-31G（d）基组的水平上,对闭式多面体簇合物X@Si20H20及其内含式X@Si20H20（X=N,P,As,C^-,Si^-）复合物的结构进行了构型优化和能量计算,并讨论了稳定结构的几何构型、振动频率、能量参数与结构的关系．最后得到复合物结构的稳定性信息,具有Ih对称性的X@Si20H20（X=N,P,As,C^-,Si^-）为内含式的基态结构．