暴雨过程环境涡散场能量收支特征

选取伴有低空急流和不伴有低空急流的两个暴雨过程,分别应用涡散场能量收支方程,计算雨区面积—时间平均的能量收支各项量值,给出对流层上(400—100hPa)、中(700—400hPa)、下(1000—700hPa)各层次的涡旋场和散度场动能的源汇特征。了解到两类暴雨过程的散度场动能制造、转换和输送情况是完全相同的,主要差异反映在对流层中、下层的涡旋场动能收支方面,尤其是旋转风动能制造项,两者符号相反。     

中国东部地区一个中尺度对流涡旋的涡度收支分析

中尺度对流涡旋(MCV),与其他中尺度涡旋不同,有着其独特的动力机制与发展途径.一旦MCV形成,极易产生灾害性天气过程.为了解我国的MCV,使用非静力中尺度模式天气预报和研究模式对中国东部2003年7月4至5日降水过程进行了高分辨率的双向三重嵌套的数值模拟.与观测资料比较,模拟结果较为准确地再现了当时的大气状况.采用了空间滤波的方法对模式结果进行了大尺度背景场与中尺度扰动场的尺度分离,对MCV的结构与移动进行分析,并追随MCV的活动对其的涡度收支情况进行诊断分析.分析表明,大尺度背景场与中尺度扰动场对MCV的作用有着明显的差异.MCV的移动由大尺度背景风场引导;其中辐合作用直接决定了MCV的形成与发展,大尺度水平运动对中尺度涡度的水平输送为水平平流项的主要部分.而由垂直风速的水平变化所导致的水平涡度的倾斜作用在此MCV形成与发展阶段作用并不明显.成熟时的MCV与成熟时的中尺度对流复合体类似有着3个明显的环流,在对流层高层与低层均为辐散反气旋性环流,对流层中层则为较为深厚的气旋性环流.     

“93.5”黑风暴期间中尺度涡旋发生发展的涡源诊断

１９９３年５月４日－６日，在甸西北地区发生了一次极具破坏力的“黑风暴”，为了诊断这次黑风暴中尺度涡旋发生发展的涡源，便用了具有高分辨ＰＢＬ参数化的ＭＭ４对该例控制模拟的输出资料和涡源方程。诊断结果表明：“９３．５”黑风暴的发展与一个中尺度气旋性涡旋的发生和发展直接相关；总涡源的产生，发展及柱状垂直结构的形成和演变与黑风暴中尺度涡旋发展的涡度垂直结构和演变是一致的。     

暴雨系统不同尺度动能相互作用过程

选取一次梅雨期暴雨过程，对实测资料用Ｂａｒｎｅｓ尺度分离方法经自适应技术处理后，应用动能相互作用方程组，计算出雨区内对流层高、中、低各层次方程各项的时空平均值．就整层而言，天气尺度动能主要源和汇分别是产生项和水平输出，而中尺度系统则为对流正反馈和空气逆气压梯度运动所消耗的动能两者接近平衡，两种尺度流场和质量场之间相互作用所制造的动能向两种尺度系统转换．     

"6·22"鄂东突发性大暴雨的观测分析和数值模拟

利用多种观测资料和中尺度数值模式输出资料,分析了一次中尺度对流系统造成的鄂东地区突发性大暴雨天气过程．结果表明：(1)鄂东中尺度暴雨团由-准东西向的中β尺度强降水窄带缓慢东移南压过程中形成,强降水窄带位于850hPa正涡度带上和冷式切变线西南暖湿气流一侧．(2)对流层中低层切变线提供天气尺度辐合,暖湿气流在辐合区气旋式旋转抬升至250hPa高度附近后辐散,并向南走在副高脊区下沉,构成一中α尺度垂直环流;对流层中上层干冷空气南侵下沉,与北进的暖湿空气对峙导致θse锋区的锋生,同时干冷的下沉气流与天气尺度辐合区的上升气流在锋区环绕逐渐形成另一中α尺度垂直次级环流,使θse锋区锋生加强,促使对流爆发形成暴雨．     

一次大雪到暴雪天气诊断分析与预警

针对长治市2007年2月7日暴雪天气过程,从500hPa高空天气形势、地面气压场、fy-2c对流层中上层空气湿度场、卫星云图的演变以及物理量场的散度等方面,做了详细的诊断分析,并给出了该类暴雪天气的预报着眼点。     

暴雨与非暴雨过程涡散场能量收支特征

选取云南暴雨和非暴雨两类天气过程，分别应用涡散场能量收支方程，计算了暴雨区面积－时间平均能量收支各项量值，给出了对流层整层和上（２００～４００ｈＰａ）、中（４００～６００ｈＰａ）、下（６００～８００ｈＰａ）各层的涡散场动能源汇特征，同时还指出了两类天气在动能制造、能量转换等方面存在的较大差异，尤其是两类天气的大多数能量收支项符号相反     

旋转坐标系对流体涡旋运动的影响

系统讨论坐标系的旋转对流体涡旋运动的影响 ,分析这种影响在地球物理流体力学相对涡度、速度环量及位势涡度方程的各种形式中的表现 ,以及与流体力学对应的 Helmholtz方程的变形形式 ,通过分析 ,更清晰地揭示科氏力产生 (或制造 )涡度及其影响涡度变化的机理。     

梅雨锋致洪暴雨β中尺度涡旋的数值试验和结构分析

运用PSU／NCAR的MM5V2的嵌套模式，对1998年7月的武汉致洪暴雨过程作了成功的数值模拟。并运用模式输出的高分辨率资料对引起此次特大暴雨的β中尺度涡旋系统的结构作了诊断分析。分析了涡旋系统在3个不同时期的三维结构特征，特别是得到与暴雨雨团相联系的β中尺度垂直环流分布特征。指出涡旋系统的水平范围在90km左右，涡旋环流只在对流层中层（850hPa-650hPa)比较明显，与涡旋相伴的是一个在狭窄区域内物理量高度集中，并向垂直方向发展的暖心正涡度柱。     

涡旋核心分布对斜置肋片蒸汽冷却通道换热特性的影响

数值计算了宽高比为2∶1,雷诺数为1×104~6×104,肋角度分别为30°、60°、90°时蒸汽冷却带肋通道,采用流场涡旋核心显示技术分析了各肋角度下带肋通道涡旋的产生、演变过程、形态变化以及分布规律,研究了涡旋分布规律对通道换热系数的影响。结果表明:肋角度对带肋通道涡旋形态和分布规律有较大影响,90°通道主要由横向涡组成,30°、60°通道主要由纵向涡和主涡组成;纵向涡的换热特性比横向涡更好,30°、60°通道平均换热系数比90°通道高;30°通道纵向涡的分支以及流体的黏性耗散会导致纵向涡涡旋强度和尺度减小、纵向涡的换热性能削弱,这使得30°通道平均换热系数比未发生纵向涡分支的60°通道低;相对于边界层的距离、涡旋半径,涡旋强度、涡旋核心是影响涡旋强化换热的更重要的参数。该结果可为主动控制带肋通道涡旋强化换热研究提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the