连铸中间包内夹杂物去除行为的物理模拟

通过选择乳状液滴模拟夹杂物和连铸中间包物理模型实验,考察了换钢包过程中,中间包初始液面高度、长水口注入流量及控流装置对中间包内夹杂物去除行为的影响规律.结果表明:中间包初始液面高度从工作液面的1/4到3/4过程中夹杂物去除率提高较快,3/4工作液面为较理想的换钢包操作液面;夹杂物的去除率随长水口注入流量的增加而增大,注入流量超过2.5m3h-1时,夹杂物去除效果明显改善;挡墙挡坝组合控流装置的去夹杂效果较无控流装置有明显改善,在此基础上加入抑湍器后,去夹杂效果明显改善.     

连铸中间包底吹气过程水模型实验研究

以宝钢集团梅山钢厂1台连铸中间包为原型,采用自行设计的吹气装置于底部吹气,用水模型的方法研究了吹气对中间包过程的影响。实验结果表明,底部吹气显著地改变了中间包内的流体流动特征;当不吹气时,通过上挡板下部的液流以层流形式贴近中间包的底部流动,然后从出口直接流出,在中间包的停留时间较短,死区体积较大,不利于夹杂物的去除;吹气以后,上升的气流起到了气幕挡墙的作用,通过上挡板下部的液流,被上升的气流抬起,贴近液面流动;吹气有利于增加平均停留时间,缩小中间包的死区体积,此外,上升的气流对中间包的液流具有一定的清洗作用,有利于夹杂物的去除;吹气用于中间包去夹杂过程,不需要较大气体流量。在气体流量相同时,在水模型实验装置中3个位置吹气对中间包的平均停留时间、中间包的死区体积分数、最短平均停留时间的影响大致相同,但总体上,中间位置的吹气效果要好于其他2个位置的吹气效果。     

连铸中间包内部结构优化的数理模拟及冶金效果

通过中间包水模型实验和数值模拟对4流中间包两种控流装置下包内流场进行了模拟研究.结果表明:原中间包内由于形成了短路流使得钢液在中部水口的停留时间短,与边部水口的停留时间相差大.改进型中间包能均匀钢液在不同水口的停留时间,减小中间包的死区比例,提高夹杂物的去除率.工业实验表明与原中间包相比,使用改进型中间包铸坯中的大型夹杂物含量和显微夹杂物数量分别降低44.9%和2.7%.     

单流中间包挡墙对夹杂物去除速率的影响

优化中间包结构去除钢液夹杂物是一项重要工作。本文建立某厂单流中间包的夹杂物去除的数学模型,计算不同挡墙高度及入口、出口位置对中间包内夹杂物去除的影响。结论表明:夹杂物去除速率最高时,下挡墙高为318 mm,上挡墙距钢包底部距离为532 mm,上下挡墙距离为600 mm,上挡墙距钢包入口距离为800 mm。     

感应加热中间包夹杂物的运动及去除

针对某钢厂双通道式感应加热中间包,建立了三维非稳态数学模型来研究感应加热中间包内夹杂物的运动行为和去除率.从力平衡原理出发,采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法分析了感应加热中间包内夹杂物的运动行为.建立了感应加热情况下夹杂物碰撞长大的数学模型,考察了夹杂物碰撞长大对其去除率的影响.结果表明,钢液流过通道受到紧箍作用,夹杂物会受电磁压力作用而向通道壁面运动,有利于夹杂物的去除;碰撞长大能够显著提高小粒径夹杂物的去除率;感应加热有助于夹杂物的去除,尤其是小粒径夹杂物.     

中间包吹氩去除钢水夹杂物

通过现场实验,研究了中间包吹氩位置和氩气流量对钢水洁净度的影响,重点探讨了在注流区吹氩对钢水洁净度的影响.结果表明:在T型中间包注流区内进行合适流量吹氩可提高钢水洁净度,在浇铸区拐角处和塞棒附近吹氩对钢水洁净度没有明显的影响;在注流区内吹氩,合适的氩气流量为6L·min-1,与不吹氩相比,钢中总氧降低率和夹杂物的去除率均可提高10%左右,但15L·min-1的大流量吹氩将会显著增加钢中总氧和大型夹杂物数量.分析认为:注流区内大的湍流强度可将氩气泡击碎成弥散小气泡,大量小气泡在钢液中上浮,不但提高了气泡捕捉夹杂物的概率,而且增加了夹杂物之间的碰撞机会,其结果是增大了夹杂物的粒径,促进了夹杂物的上浮去除;同时,注流区离水口距离最远,在注流区吹氩,碰撞长大的夹杂物有更长的时间上浮排出.以上两个因素的共同作用,使得在注流区吹氩对去除钢水夹杂物有显著效果.     

电磁净化中间包传输特性的水模拟

为了得到电磁净化中间包中流体的流动及传输特性,以及旋转运动在中间包净化钢液中所起的作用,采用中间包物理模拟方法,对电磁净化中间包中不同控流装置配置和旋转速度下的停留时间分布曲线进行了测试,并对流场进行了显示实验.结果表明:电磁净化中间包圆形腔中的旋转运动能够减小中间包中滞留区分数,增加活塞区比例,同时增长平均停留时间,有利于中间包内夹杂物的去除;但旋转速度不是越高越好,存在一个最佳值.     

阻流器流控装置下中间包内的流场

通过物理和数学模拟研究了一种新型中间包流控制装置－阻流器对中间包内流场的影响。并通过同传统的单档墙，坝下中间包内流场的比较，得出阻流器可改变中间包内传统的流场。使钢液由长水口注入中间包后再返回自身，从而消除了中间包短流，发展了表面流，延长了滞止时间和平均停留时间，有利于中间包内夹杂物的去除。在较大的拉速下使用单档墙＋单坝＋阻流器的组合结构，效果更好，数学模型计算出的流场同水模型实验吻合较好。     

钢液精炼和连铸过程中物理去除夹杂物现状及展望

夹杂物去除是钢液精炼的重要任务之一。目前与去除夹杂物相关的工艺方法主要有:钢包-电磁搅拌和钢包底吹氩;RH及RH侧底复吹;中间包-控流装置、气幕挡墙和通道电磁感应加热;结晶器电磁搅拌与电磁制动和水口吹氩。本文总结了钢水精炼中各个反应器去除夹杂物的方法和机理,并分析了影响夹杂物去除效率的主要因素,为钢水二次精炼的夹杂物去除工艺优化提供理论依据和参考。     

水平连铸中间包流动特性的模拟研究

浇注过程中钢水在中间包内的流动特性对中间包的设计、工艺操作和铸坯质量都有重要影响。本文结合马钢水平连铸7.5t中间包,模拟研究了中间包内液体流动行为和平均停留时间分布规律。在生产中应用结果证明对夹杂物的去除有明显的效果。     

Optimization of flow control devices in a single-strand slab continuous casting tundish

The optimization of flow control devices in a single-slab continuous casting tundish was carried out by physical modeling, and the optimized scheme was presented. With the optimal tundish configuration, the minimum residence time of liquid steel was increased by 1.4 times, the peak concentration time was increased by 97%, and the dead volume fraction was decreased by 72%. A mathematical model for molten steel in the tundish was established by using the fluid dynamics package Fluent. The velocity field, concentration field, and the residence time distribution (RTD) curves of molten steel flow before and after optimization were obtained. Experimental results showed that the reasonable configuration with flow control devices can improve the fluid flow characteristics in the tundish. The results of industrial application show that the nonmetallic inclusion area ratio in casting slabs is decreased by 32% with the optimal tundish configuration.     

湍流抑制器对中间包钢液流动的影响

采用水模拟试验研究湍流抑制器对中间包钢液流动特性的影响。结果表明,拉速变化时单层湍流抑制器对钢液流动影响程度较小,双层湍流抑制器能延长包内钢液平均停留时间;液位变化时双层湍流抑制器对钢液流动影响程度较小,相同液位下双层湍流抑制器使钢液在中间包内平均停留时间较之于单层湍抑器相应值至少增加20s;3种湍流抑制器对中间包流场的改善程度从大到小排序为:双层湍流抑制器,八角形湍流抑制器,单层湍流抑制器。     

Fluid Flow in Tundish Due to Different Type Arrangement of Weir and Dam

Tundish is an important metallurgical reactor in the continuous casting process. In order to control the fluid flow in tundish and thus take full advantage of the residencetime available for the removal of inclusions from molten steel, the effect of weir and dam on the fluid flow has been studied in a water model based on the characteristic number Froude and Reynold number similarity criteria. The residence time distribution curves of the flow were measured by SG800. The optimum arrangement of darn and weir and the nonstationary flow in tundish were discussed. The results show that the combination of weir and dam is benefit for the flow pattern in tundish, weir can prevent the upper recirculating flow, dam can cut off the bottom flow and turn to upwards, it is advantageous to separate the nonmetallic inclusions. Furthermore, it is important to exceed the critical depth of bath during exchange ladles, not only for the inclusion floatation but also for avoiding tundish slag drainage earlier.     

CCSD36钢显微夹杂物

针对唐山某钢铁公司生产的CCSD36钢的生产工艺,采用示踪剂示踪、系统取样、综合分析的方法,对50炉CCSD36钢中氧氮含量进行分析研究,同时对LF处理前后、中间包及铸坯中的显微夹杂的变化进行了系统的分析。研究表明：钢中T[O]、[N]偏高,应加强控制。钙处理前LF炉钢水中的显微氧化物夹杂主要为块状Al2O3夹杂、硅酸盐夹杂,钙处理之后球形钙铝酸盐的数量增加,Al2O3夹杂减少。钙处理效果显著。中间包和铸坯中的夹杂物主要是球形钙铝酸盐及钙铝酸盐与CaS组成的复合夹杂。LF处理前后钢中的显微夹杂数量为102.15个/mm2和55.16个/mm2,去除率达46%,中间包内显微夹杂平均值为39个/mm2,比LF出站时降低29.3%,正常坯显微夹杂物数量的平均值为36个/mm2,与中间包显微夹杂含量相比,只降低7.8%。结合其能谱分析表明,大包到中包及中间包到结晶器二次氧化严重,应加强保护浇注。     

Water modeling of molten steel flow in a multi-strand tundish with gas blowing

Fluid flow characteristics in a four-strand tundish with gas blowing were studied by water modeling experiments. It is found that gas blowing can greatly improve the flow characteristics in the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor. It dramatically increases the peak concentration time, and greatly decreases the dead volume, and reduces the minimum residence time. The gas blowing location, gas flow rate, and porous plug area greatly influence the flow characteristics in the tundish; the gas blowing location near the baffle, smaller gas flow rate, and smaller porous plug area are better for improving the fluid flow characteristics. Using gas blowing can reduce the difference of flows at the middle outlets and side outlets for the multi-strand tundish. Bubbles produced by gas blowing can absorb small inclusions and provide the condition for inclusion collision and aggregation. Therefore, introducing gas blowing into a tundish and combining the turbulence inhibitor can improve inclusion floating and removal, and the cleanness of molten steel can be advanced.     

Influence of flow control devices on metallurgical effects in a large-capacity tundish

The influence of flow control devices on metallurgical effects in a large-capacity tundish has been studied carefully with elements tracing, sampling and theoretical prospecting. The results from the studies are (1) in the continuous casting of clean steel, bad control of tundish operation may deteriorate the cleanliness of steel; (2) the cleanliness of steel is deteriorated mainly at the unsteady state; (3) large amount of macro inclusions come from the top slag and the refractory of tundish; (4) installing dam and weir can improve the cleanliness of steel and lighten the influence of steel fluctuation; and (5) the result of theoretical calculation suggests that the inclusions larger than the critical size of 92.6 μm can be floated out from the tundish bath completely.     

Improvement of tundish shape and optimization of flow control devices for sequence casting heavy steel ingots

The metallurgical effect of a round tundish used to cast heavy steel ingots in machine works at present was evaluated through water modeling experiments. The flow control devices of the improved oval tundish, which was used instead of the round tundish, had been optimized. The results show that the residence time of the round tundish is short, its inclusion removal efficiency is too low, and it has more dead zones and an unreasonable flow field. Compared with the round tundish, the improved oval tundish with the optimized weir and dam has a better effect:its minimum residence time is prolonged by 38.1 s, the average residence time is prolonged by 233.4 s, its dead volume fraction decreases from 26% to 15%, and the ratio of plug volume fraction to dead volume fraction increases from 0.54 to 1.27. The inclusion removal efficiency also increases by 17.5%.