Identification and characterization of two novel box HACA snoRNAs from Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Through constructing a specialized cDNA library based on small RNAs isolated from partial purified nuclei of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, two novel noncoding RNAs, termed Sp15-70 and Sp18-61, have been identified. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that both the novel RNAs possess a typical secondary structure of box HACA snoRNA and antisense elements to rRNAs. According to the relationship between the structure and function of box HACA snoRNA, Sp15-70 was predicted to direct pseudouridylation in 25S rRNA at U2401 and U2298; Sp18-61 was predicted to direct pseudouridylation in 18S rRNA at U208 and 25S rRNA at U2341. The four predicted pseudouridylation sites were all verified experimentally by the CMC-primer extension analysis. Both Sp15-70 and Sp18-61 were encoded by single copies which were located in the intergenic regions between the CDS of two protein-coding genes on chromosome Ⅰ and Ⅲ of S. pombe, respectively. Putative TATA-like elements can be found upstream from the 5′ end of these snoRNA genes, suggesting that they could be transcribed from their own promoters. Comparison of the two snoRNAs and their functional homologues in diverse organisms reveals that extensive recombinations among different snoRNAs have occurred during the evolution from their primitive progenitors.     

Helium isotopic compositions in fluid inclusions of the Gangxi fault belt in the Huanghua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

Helium is a trace constituent in natural gases and is the lightest element of all rare gases. Formed during natural nuclear processes, helium is chemically stable. Due to its strong diffusibility and permeability, helium can be used as a very sensitive tracer. Helium has two natural stable isotopes, 3He and 4He. 3He originates from the universal nebulae when the earth was formed, and 4He mainly originates from the radioactive disintegration of elements in the crust, such as U and Th [1]. In…     

The U/Ω effect of electricity parameters of the lotus root silk in the liquor with different pH values

The silk of lotus root is a kind of natural biomaterial with the advantages of easy absorbing and dis-solving and poisonless. It may become a new engineering material for clinic and tissue engineering. However, the relationship between its electricity parameters and the pH values of the liquor that the silk is dipped in is unknown presently. The electricity parameters of inductance, capacitance and imped-ance of the silk were measured in the environment with the temperature ranging from 23℃ to 25℃ and the humidity ranging from 45% to 55% when it was dipped in the liquor with different pH values for 24 h. The results show that the inductance and impedance vary in U shape curves with the liquor pH value, and the capacitance varies in Ω shape curve. The minimal value of the U curves and the maximal value of the Ω curve appear at the point where the pH value equals to 7. The phenomena are called the U/Ω effect. It means that the silk has perfect biocompatibility with human tissues. The study results may imply that the silk have broader potential applications in biomedicine, tissue engineering and bioelec-tronics. silk of lotus root, biomedicine engineering material, U/Ω effect, pH value of liquor     

Therapeutical effect of Shengmaisan is determined by the interaction among the three herbs

Shengmaisan is a recipe of traditional Chinese medicine, which is composed of three herbs. The interaction among the components from the three herbs of Shengmaisan is investigated using FT-IR, Matrix Assistant Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) and TEM observation. Interactions among various components from different herbs cause enhancement of the solubility of some component and suppression of the solubility of others. Results from MALDI-TOF MS show that some components found in the decoction from a single herb disappear when different herbs are decocted together. On the other hand, new substances are produced when two and/or three herbs of Shengmaisan are decocted together. TEM showed that vacuoles formed in the decoction from two and/or three herbs of Shengmaisan but did not occur in any decoction from a single herb. This result provides us direct evidence that the solubilized structure is formed by the interaction among the components from different herbs. This knowledge helps us to understand the therapeutical effects of traditional Chinese medicine.     

Comparative crystal structure determination of griseofulvin: Powder X-ray diffraction versus single-crystal X-ray diffraction

In an attempt to compare crystal structure determination from powder data and single-crystal data,crystal structure of griseofulvin(C 17 H 17 ClO 6) was tested by both powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Lattice parameters of griseofulvin are α=90.0°,a=b=8.9757,c=19.9345,V=1605.99 3 from powder data coinciding with α=90.0°,a=b=8.9714,c=19.8848,V=1600.46 3 from single-crystal data.Main processes of structure elucidating of griseofulvin by the two approaches were analyzed.Powder X-ray diffraction was demonstrated to be a powerful auxiliary implement to single-crystal X-ray diffraction in structure characterization,and its application can be popularized in the field of structure research of small organic molecules.     

The U/Θ effect of electricity parameters of the lotus root silk in the liquor with different pH values

The silk of lotus root is a kind of natural biomaterial with the advantages of easy absorbing and dissolving and poisonless. It may become a new engineering material for clinic and tissue engineering. However, the relationship between its electricity parameters and the pH values of the liquor that the silk is dipped in is unknown presently. The electricity parameters of inductance, capacitance and impedance of the silk were measured in the environment with the temperature ranging from 23℃ to 25℃ and the humidity ranging from 45% to 55% when it was dipped in the liquor with different pH values for 24 h. The results show that the inductance and impedance vary in U shape curves with the liquor pH value, and the capacitance varies in Ω shape curve. The minimal value of the U curves and the maximal value of the Ω curve appear at the point where the pH value equals to 7. The phenomena are called the U/Ω effect. It means that the silk has perfect biocompatibility with human tissues. The study results may imply that the silk have broader potential applications in biomedicine, tissue engineering and bioelectronics.     

Some observables as an indication of atomic nuclear shape phase transition

Using interacting boson model, shape phase transitions from U（5） to 0（6） and from U（5） to SU（3） are studied in the space of two control parameters. Some simple shape phase diagrams in terms of the order parameter and one of the control parameters are presented. Spectra and E2 transition rates are used to construct observables. It is shown that these observables exhibit the behavior of the shape phase transition, namely a peak structure at and after the critical point.     

REESSE Unified Recursive Algorithm for Solving Three Computational Problems

Different from the extended Euclidean algorithm which can compute directly only the multiplicative inverse of an element in Zm^＊ and the greatest common divisor of two integers, a recursive algorithm called REESSE is designed by the authors, which can not only seek directly the multiplicative inverse and the greatest common divisor, but also solve directly a simple congruence for general solutions. This paper presents the definition and the two valuable properties of a simple congruence, analyzes in detail the reduction and recursion process of solving simple congruences, induces the recursive formula for solving simple congruences, and describes formally and implements in C language the recursive algorithm. At last, the paper compares REESSE with the extended Euclidean algorithm in thought, applicability and time complexity.     

Process Analysis of the Reaction Course on the Flowing Excited Molecues of Hydrogen and Nitrigen with Ultraviolet Light beams

Under the conditions of room -temperature and normal pressure,the blended gasses hydrogen and nitrogen(N2+H2) ,with mixture ratios of 1 : 3~3: 1 at flowing rates of 2-3L/min,passed through a vent tube made of silex glass and il-luminated by the ultraviolet light beam with the wavelength and energy λ1 = 1850 A,E1 = h v = 6. 7eV and λ2 = 2537 A , E2 = h v = 4. 86ev,respectively,which is radi-ated from a self- made low-pressure mercury vapour lamp. A reflecting cavity was installed with a metal coating film beside of silex glass vent tube outside the mer-cury lamp. In the activated blended gases of nitrogen and hydrogen,nitogen was ac-tivated to the excited state molecule N2 and hydrogen was dissociated into the free hydrogen atom[H]. When N2 i mpact with N2 whose electron is in the ground state, an txcimer,.Nm4 and when N2 collide with H2 or[H],an exciplex, (N2 H2)m is formed. The excimer N4m and exciplex (N2H2)m may be the products of molecular condensation of molecular association. Both N4m and (N2H2)     

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating for two episodes of migmatization in the Dabie orogen

Zircon CL imaging and SHRIMP U-Pb dating were carried out for migmatite in the Dabie orogen. Zircons from the Manshuihe migmatite show clear core-rim structures. The cores display sector or weak zoning and low Th/U ratios of 0.01 to 0.17, indicating their precipitation from metamorphic fluid. They yield a weighted mean age of 137±5 Ma. By contrast, the rims exhibit planar or nebulous zoning with relatively high Th/U ratios of 0.35 to 0.69, suggesting their growth from metamorphic melt. They give a weighted mean age of 124±2 Ma. Zircons from the Fenghuangguan migmatite also display core-rim structures. The cores are weakly oscillatory zoned or unzoned with high Th/U ratios of 0.21 to 3.03, representing inherited zircons of magmatic origin that experienced different degrees of solid-state recrystallization. SHRIMP U-Pb analyses obtain that its protolith was emplaced at 768±12 Ma, consistent with middle Neoproterozoic ages for protoliths of most UHP metaigneous rocks in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt. By contrast, the rims do not show significant zoning and have very low Th/U ratios of 0.01 to 0.09, typical of zircon crystallized from metamorphic fluid. They yield a weighted 206Pb/238U age of 137±4 Ma. Taking the two case dates together, it appears that there are two episodes of zircon growth and thus migmati-tization at 137±2 Ma and 124±2 Ma, respectively, due to metamorphic dehydration and partial melting. The appearance of metamorphic dehydration corresponds to the beginning of tectonic extension thus to the tectonic switch from crustal compression to extension in the Dabie orogen. On the other hand, the partial melting is responsible for the extensional climax, resulting in formation of coeval migmatite, granitoid and granulite. They share the common protolith, the collision-thickened continental crust of mid-Neoproterozoic ages.     

A new class of harmonic univalent functions by the generalized Salagean operator

A complex-valued harmonic functions that are univalent and sense preserving in the unit disk U can be written in the form f = h ＋ g^-, where h and g are analytic in U. We define and investigate a new class SHPλ（α,β）by generalized Salagean operator of harmonic univalent functions. We give sufficient coefficient conditions for normalized harmonic functions in the class SHPλ（α,β） These conditions are also shown to be necessary when the coefficients are negative. This leads to distortion bounds and extreme points.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of lanthanide coordination polymers constructed from a 13-membered macrocycle

The lanthanide coordination polymers bearing a 13-membered macrocycle, [(13-EDTA-pnOH)H2] were synthesized. The products [Ln(13-EDTA-pnOH)(H2O)2·NO3]n (Ln = Eu(1), Tb(2), Dy(3)) have been obtained by MS, IR and element analyses. The solid-state structure of 1 was established by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The coordination geometry around the central metal atom in complex 1 is a nine-coor-dinated, tricapped-trigonal prism having six donor atoms (two amine nitrogen atoms, two amide oxygen atoms and two carboxymethyl oxygen atoms) from one ligand, one oxygen atom from a neighboring ligand, and two more oxygen atoms from two water molecules. The europium atoms are linked by―Eu―O―C―O―Eu―bridges to form an infinite chain.     

Helical Molecular Orbitals Around Straight-Line Oligomers of H_2C_nH_2 as a Model for a Molecular Device

Allene-like and cumulene-like oligomers with two CH2 groups at both ends of the oligomers(H2CnH2) have been found to give helical molecular orbitals for HOMO and LUMO and around the MOs when two CH2 groups are tilted from their equilibrium position.This result can be explained due to the change of the symmetry for H2C2m+1H2 from D2d to D2,the former has degenerate molecular orbitals but latter has non-degenerate ones.This helical mo-     

Impact of Education on Productivity:A Model in China

Improving the quality of human resources through edu-cation and training is of great strategic significance.However, few people have done in depth and systematicstudies on the relationship between education and pro-ducttvity in China. This study developed an educationproductivity transform model and empirically tested themodel using data on the most districts of China. The ba-sic notion is that the effect depends both on the capabilityresulted from education, and on the environment inwhich this capability can be exercised, the effect is a re-sult of two factors combined.     

THz spectra of five borates crystals

Terahertz spectral responses have been studied for five borate crystals Nas[B2P3O13] （NBP）, Zn3BPO （ZBP）, SrB407 （SBO）, Na3LagO3（BO 3）8 （NLBO） and PbB407 （PBO）. It is found that the samples had good transmission in 0.25--1.5 THz region. Both SBO and NLBO have an absorption coefficient less than 10 cm^-1. Among them, SBO has not only the smallest absorption coefficient but also a very flat dispersion in the frequency region under investigation. Distinct resonance absorption peaks are observed for ZBP at v1 = 1.4 THz, v2 = 2.0 THz and SBO at v = 2.4 THz. In the spectrum of PBO, two abnormal dispersions appear in the frequency regions 1.44--1.74 and 2.2--2.5 THz. The absorption coefficients and refraction indices of the five crystals are extracted from the THz time-domain （THz-TDS） spectra in 0.25--2.5 THz region. The properties and origins of the spectral responses are addressed.     

Measurement of the free concentrations of alkyl phenols and bisphenol A to determine their biodegradation kinetics by activated sludge

A negligible depletion-solid phase microextraction (nd-SPME) method is developed to measure free concentrations of two alkyl phenols (4-t-octylphenol, nonylphenol) and bisphenol A in activated sludge, with which aerobic biodegradation kinetics of three pollutants was determined. For the degradation of octylphenol, nonylphenol and bisphenol A, the apparent rate constant based on total concentration is 0.02, 0.01 and 0.03 h-1, respectively; with the half life being 34.9, 54.3 and 22.3 h correspondingly. Meanwhile, real rate constants based on free concentration are 0.74, 0.60 and 1.03 h-1, respectively; with the half life being 0.9, 1.2 and 0.7 h accordingly. Differences between two constants revealed that desorption of targeted pollutants from activated sludge should be the rate-limiting step. Compared to the rapid biodegradation of alkyl phenols and bisphenol A in free state, the desorption of pollutants from the sludge is relatively slow, which made the apparent biodegradation rate constants much lower.     

PREPARATION OF COMPLEX ZrO2-Y2O3 SOL

Complex ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ sol were prepared from precursors of inorganic salts and metal alkoxides. The processes for complex ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ sol preparation and purification, the sol-gel transformation and the characterization of the sol from the two kinds of precursors were discussed and compared. It was found that the colloidal particles were amorphous in nature, and extremely fine (<10nm) in the both cases. ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ coatings on GH220 superalloy samples MCrAlX (M=Fe, Co, Ni, X=Y, Ta,Hf…) pre-coated) were prepared using sols from the two different processes and tested at 1000 ℃ for 100 h in laboratory air. Results showed that only the coatings from the metal alkoxides derived sol offered excellent oxidation resistance.     

Comparative Study of Reverse Algorithms via Artificial Neural Networks Based on Simulated Indentation Tests

The advances in the instrumented indentation equipments and the need to assess the properties of materials of small volume such as those constitute the micro-electro-mechanical devices, micro-electronic packages, and thin films have propelled the interest in material characterization via indentation tests. The load-displacement curves and their characteristics, namely, the curvature of the loading path, C, and the ratio of the remaining and total work done, WR / WT, can be conveniently obtained from finite element simulations for various elasto-plastic material properties. The paper reports the comparative study on two reverse neural networks algorithms involving several combinations of databases established from the results obtained from simulated indentation tests. The performance of each set of results is analyzed and the most appropriate algorithm identified and reported. The approach with the selected neural networks model has great potential in practical applications on the characterization of a small volume of materials.     

Ensemble projection of 1―3℃ warming in China

Studies on the influences of climate change on biogeochemical cycles and on the key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change suggest that annual surface temperature rise of 1 ℃, 2℃ and 3℃ above the present level would lead to changes in extreme weather and climate events, food production, fresh water resources, biodiversity, human mortality, etc. Here two sets of simulations as performed with seventeen atmosphere-ocean general circulation models （AOGCMs） for the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC AR4）, i.e. the model outputs from the 20th Century Climate in Coupled Models （20C3M） and from the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios （SRES） emission scenarios B1, A1B and A2, are used to analyze spatial and temporal characteristics of the above values in China over the 21st century. The results indicate that the rate of warming varies from region to region. The above values are reached much later （earlier） when emission amount is lower （higher）, and spread of the time when the lower （higher） value is exceeded is narrower （wider） among the three scenarios. As far as the spatial pattern is concerned, the above values are crossed much earlier in northern China and the Tibetan Plateau with respect to the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley and South China.