2013 年昆明地区实验用小鼠及豚鼠寄生虫及病毒感染情况调查

摘要: 目的 分别调查昆明市三家单位提供的共 90 只实验用 ICR 小鼠和 45 只实验用豚鼠的体内、外寄生虫感染 情况,以及小鼠及豚鼠仙台病毒(SeV)、小鼠肝炎病毒(MHV)、豚鼠淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎(LCMV) 的感染情况, 为实验动物质量管理提供一定的参考依据。方法 根据现行国家标准所描述的方法及病毒检测试剂盒说明书的 说明,对昆明市三家单位随机提供的共 90 只 ICR 小鼠和 45 只豚鼠样本,分别进行体内、外寄生虫、小鼠 MHV 及小 鼠 SeV、豚鼠 LCMV 及豚鼠 SeV 的检测。结果 昆明地区实验用小鼠及实验用豚鼠均检出体内、外寄生虫;3 只小 鼠检测出体外寄生虫,检出率为 3. 3% ;20 只小鼠检测出体内寄生虫卵,检出率为 22. 2% ; 4 只豚鼠检测出体外寄 生虫,检出率为 8. 9% ;9 只豚鼠检测出体内寄生虫卵,检出率为 20. 0% ;小鼠 MHV 及 SeV 血清学检测无阳性; 豚 鼠 LCMV、SeV 血清学检测无阳性。结论 实验动物质量监测是实验动物质量控制的有效手段,对医学及生命科学 的研究至关重要,昆明地区实验动物的寄生虫质量控制有待加强。     

实验大鼠体外寄生虫的初步调查

<正> 开放条件下饲养的大白鼠可感染多种体外寄生虫,影响实验动物质量,干扰医学实验结果。为查明鼠群感染现状,我们于1987年2月份对本中心小动物室的大白鼠进行了调查,兹将初步调查的结果报道如下。材料与方法一、供检动物:均系中心普通开放环境下饲养的不同龄封闭群大白鼠。二、检查方法: 1.拔毛法:镊取易感部位被毛适量于玻片上镜检。 2.黑色背景法:颈椎脱臼处死动物,置于黑色纸上(纸的周边用透明胶带从反面将其粘住,留出部分胶面,以防虫体逃散)隔日检查被毛及纸上有无虫体。并收集虫体,以Hoyer氏液制成封片,于镜下进行形态观察。     

国内不同地区实验用小型猪种群微生物感染状况调查

目的为开展实验用小型猪选育前微生物抗体的检测工作,对北京、重庆、云南、贵阳、广西、上海六省市9家单位饲养的小型猪进行微生物、寄生虫抗体检测,以了解国内不同地区实验用小型猪的微生物感染状况。方法采集9家单位小型猪的血清样本,用血清学方法对其进行14项微生物和寄生虫学指标的检测。结果不同种群的小型猪病原微生物感染情况均不相同。结论对小型猪选育时,在按照遗传学指标选育的同时,尽量选择微生物感染率低的小型猪,同时应改善动物饲养管理条件,完善动物防疫制度。     

实验牛微生物学和寄生虫学等级及监测地方标准的研究和制定

标准化是实验动物的根本属性,质量标准是实验动物质量控制体系中的重要组成部分,实验动物微生物和寄生虫控制水平是实验动物分级的根本依据.本文介绍了黑龙江省地方标准《实验动物牛微生物学等级及监测》和《实验动物牛寄生虫学等级及监测》的编制背景、实验牛等级设定、检测项目的选择、检测方法、预期社会效益等主要内容.本标准的制定可为黑...     

实验动物设施内哨兵鼠对病原菌监控的研究

目的通过使用哨兵鼠的监控探讨我院实验动物屏障环境中病原菌的产生途径。方法选择27只ICR小鼠、27只Nu/+裸鼠和27只SD大鼠作为哨兵鼠,分为实验组(手术组、非手术组)和正常对照组,实验组通过更换"脏垫料"进行饲养,对照组按正常饲养方式饲养,每隔3个月送检27只哨兵鼠进行检测,共送检3次。结果正常对照组3次均未检测到病原菌,实验组在冬季月份未检测到病原菌感染,春、夏二季检测到病原菌感染,三个季节的病原菌感染率有显著性差异,P=0.012,其中春季较冬/夏季感染率有显著性差异,P=0.004,另两个季节之间差异不显著;病原菌感染率随着动物饲养量的增减而升高或降低;实验组中手术组病原菌感染率较非手术组略高;大鼠的病原菌感染率略高于小鼠。结论屏障环境内实验鼠群的病原菌感染可能与季节、饲养量、频繁实验操作、动物种类等有直接关系。     

2006～2008年北京地区常用实验动物微生物和寄生虫检测结果分析

目的对2006年～2008年北京地区普通Beagle犬、大耳白兔和清洁以上大鼠(Wistar和SD品系)、小鼠(KM和ICR品系)微生物和寄生虫的抽检结果进行分析,为实验动物生产管理提供参考。方法按现行国标《实验动物微生物学检测方法》和《实验动物寄生虫学检测方法》,抽检动物所携带的微生物和寄生虫。结果普通Beagle犬的质量虽在逐渐提高,但体外寄生虫时有检出;普通大耳白兔体外寄生虫的携带较为普遍;清洁大鼠和小鼠的微生物检测结果基本合格,但有体内寄生虫的阳性样本;SPF级大鼠和小鼠的供应数量较少,尚不能充分满足科研工作的需要。建议有关实验动物生产单位加强普通动物的防疫工作,同时改进饲养管理水平,以有效避免传染病和寄生虫病的发生;加强清洁动物的净化及物料的消毒工作,以确保清洁动物的质量合格、稳定;进一步提高实验动物的净化水平并扩大SPF动物的生产规模,以充分满足科研工作的需要。     

动物寄生虫标本室的建设与管理

动物寄生虫标本是动物寄生虫病学系列课程开展实验教学和科学研究的重要材料。文中介绍了动物蠕虫、动物原虫以及节肢动物等寄生虫标本的采集、保存与规范化管理的方法与经验,丰富的动物寄生虫标本为动物寄生虫病学系列课程实验的开设提供了保障。     

2009—2013年北京地区实验动物质量抽检结果分析

目的通过对2009-2013年北京地区实验动物微生物、寄生虫、遗传质量抽检结果的回顾和总结,为实验动物的生产、管理和检测提供参考。方法按照现行国家和地方实验动物检测的相关标准,由北京市实验动物管理办公室依法对北京地区具备资质的实验动物生产单位进行抽样,委托检测机构进行检测,并发布质量报告。依据报告数据,对5年中北京地区不同级别大小鼠、豚鼠、兔、犬、猴、小型猪等实验动物的质量进行分析和评价。结果 5年抽检动物总数和批次逐年递增,批次合格率则有递减趋势。SPF级、清洁级、普通级动物均有不同程度的微生物和寄生虫感染,其中弓形虫感染在5年中均有检出。普通级动物的免疫抗体不达标率持续存在,并且有联合感染及上升趋势。有3个批次近交系小鼠遗传质量检测不合格。结论实验动物质量监督抽检是确保质量的有效手段,对实验动物行业发展和生命科学及生物医药卫生事业的发展至关重要。     

实验动物的环境和设施的技术要求

北京市技术监督局文件京技监标字[1992]143号关于批准“实验动物的环境和设施的技术要求”“实验动物遗传标准”“实验动物微生物学与寄生虫学等级标准”“实验动物全价营养饲料标准”地方标准的通知北京实验动物管理委员会、实验动物专家委员会、北京实验动物学会: “实验动物的环境和设施的技术要求”等经审查,批准为北京市地方标准,其名称、代号、编号为: “实验动物的环境和设施技术要求” DB11/017.1-92 “实验动物遗传标准啮齿类实验动物遗传标准” DB11/018.1-92 “实验动物微生物学与寄生虫学等级标准啮齿类和兔类等级标准” DB11/019.1-92 “实验动物微生物学与寄生虫学等级标准无特定病原体(SPF)鸡微生物学标准”DB11/019.2-92 “实验动物全价营养饲料标准啮齿类、兔、鸡全价营养饲料” DB11/020.1-92 发布日期为1992年7月25日,实施日期为1992年8月1日,请做好标准的贯彻实施工作。北京市技术监督局 1992年7月27日     

Wistar系大鼠自发性脑积水动物模型建立的初探

继１９８９年１０月在我所实验动物中心普通级Ｗｉｓｔａｒ鼠中发现一雄性脑积水幼鼠之后，１９９０年９月又在该鼠群中发现一窝三只脑积水幼鼠，遂将此窝内其他表型正常鼠育成基础种鼠群，并以此作为Ｆｏ代动物，于同年的１１月１９日开始建立此模型的近交育种研究。经过一年多的试繁与选育，仔代脑积水发生率从始发代的１．９％上升到１７．Ｏ％，累积获得脑积水动物４４只，其中雄性１９只，雌性２５只，雄雌之比为０．８：１。由于该性状系受隐性、致死基因控制，故建立了以“Ｐ×Ｏ”为辅助系统，“ｂ×ｓ”为主系统的育种保种方法。此脑积水动物的生物学特征为：最早发现为１日龄，最早死亡日龄为＜２０日龄。早期表现为脑部隆起肿大成泡状，生长发育较同窝正常鼠稍缓慢，之后随着日龄的增加，病情加重，脑部隆起更甚，体消瘦，被毛杂乱竖立，弓背，目光呆滞无神，肛门及腹面常不清洁，严重者步伐不稳，四肢麻痹，侧卧于宠底，常出现阵发性颤抖，直至衰竭死亡。此脑积水为生理性自发，与人类脑积水相似，且孕期短，窝（代）发生率较高，脑标本体积较大，可望成为又一理想的研究人类脑积水的动物模型。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that