REE composition in scheelite and scheelite Sm-Nd dating for the Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be deposit in Sichuan

The scheelite with large size and euhedral shape from Xuebaoding, Sichuan Province is an ideal min- eral to study REE patterns and Sm-Nd dating of non-gold deposits. The scheelite has diameters of 1― 10 cm and colors of pale beige to deep orange. Most of these scheelites occur in association with beryl, cassiterite and muscovite. The rare earth elements indicate that scheelite samples from Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be deposits contain high concentrations of rare earth elements with total ΣREE Y contents in the range of 369―1725 μg·g?1 and nearly all of these scheelite samples are enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE and have negative Eu anomalies. The REE patterns of the scheelites are similar to those of A-type granite with obvious tetrad effect, similar to that of type II scheelites. Based on reported fluid inclusion studies, the mineralizing-fluid of the Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be deposit indicates low Na activity. The REE patterns of the scheelite are probably controlled by partition coefficient in hydrothermal fluid. In the 147Sm/144Nd-143Nd/144Nd diagram, the scheelites show a linear array corresponding to an isochron age of 182.0±9.2 Ma (MSWD = 0.52). The Sm-Nd age represents the formation age of the scheelite and can indicate that the W, Sn and Be mineralization at Xuebaoding took place in the Early Yanshanian. The Sm-Nd dating result is important for the study of the multi-metal resources in western Sichuan Province.     

内蒙辉石矽卡岩中稀土元素的“四分组效应”及其地球化学意义

通过对内蒙白音诺和浩布高两地区辉石矽卡岩中稀土元素(REE)的测定,证明了在接触交代作用的条件下,岩石中REE分布模式可以不服从Coryell关于球粒陨石标准化后的曲线是一条平滑曲线的规律,而是呈现出以4条相连的凹形弧线为特征的“四分组效应”。辉石矽卡岩中REE的“四分组效应”的存在,为进一步研究矽卡岩形成的某些物理化学条件和REE在矽卡岩形成过程中的地球化学行为提供了新的途径。     

喀斯特沉积物中稀土元素四重效应的发现及其意义

本文阐述喀斯特沉积物中稀土分布模式的精细结构一稀土四重效应特征及其研究意义。     

与碳酸岩-碱性杂岩体相关的内生稀土矿床成矿作用研究进展

综述与碳酸岩?碱性杂岩体相关的内生稀土矿床的基本特征和成矿作用研究进展。根据矿化特征, 该类矿床大体可以分为原生岩浆型和热液型, 前者稀土矿物是从碳酸岩岩浆中直接结晶出来, 矿化主要产于碳酸岩岩体中; 后者稀土矿物通常与方解石、萤石、重晶石、石英等矿物共生形成脉体, 穿插于碳酸岩杂岩体及围岩中, 或作为裂隙或空洞充填物, 或呈细粒多晶集合体叠加在碳酸岩中早期形成的矿物之上。以往的研究对于稀土富集成矿的主要机制是碳酸岩和硅酸岩岩浆的液态不混溶作用或碳酸岩岩浆中碳酸盐矿物的分离结晶作用, 还是岩浆期后热液蚀变或不混溶的碳酸岩质流体的萃取作用, 存在很大的争议; 同时,与稀土成矿相关的碳酸盐体系选择性地富集轻稀土, 该类矿床中很少见到重稀土矿物, 亦是有待解决的问题。因此, 加强稀土元素在富挥发份的碳酸岩熔体和碱性硅酸岩熔体或流体之间, 以及碳酸盐矿物及共沉淀相与碳酸岩熔体之间分配行为的高温高压实验研究, 将是揭示该类稀土矿床成因的关键。     

应用锆石研究铀成矿流体的地球化学特征:以粤北棉花坑铀矿床为例

铀矿中锆石富集Li、P、Ti、Nb、Hf、U、Th、Ta、Y、Rare earth elements(REE)等微量元素,Th/U比值较低,在以大陆上地壳为标准化的模式图上呈现明显的重稀土富集、Ce、Y正异常和Eu负异常的特征。根据锆石/热液间微量元素的分配系数估算了成矿流体的微量元素质量分数。铀成矿流体具有富U,低Th/U比值,高稀土元素质量分数,轻、重稀土分异不明显,显著的Ce、Eu负异常和Y正异常,低Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)比值等特征。成矿流体主要来源于岩浆期后热液,并得到流体/岩石反应的改造,流体上升减压导致流体沸腾、气体溢出、碱性增高和还原环境,最终导致铀矿物的沉淀和铀矿床的形成。     

相山铀矿田山南矿区稀土元素特征及其地质意义

对相山铀矿田山南矿区围岩、矿石稀土元素地球化学特征进行了研究。矿区基底片岩∑REE平均值与火山岩系岩石∑REE平均值大致相当,自围岩、普通矿石到富矿石,∑REE不断增高。围岩稀土元素配分模式均呈轻稀土富集的右倾型,火山岩系岩石稀土元素配分模式彼此平行一致,火山岩系具同源性,是同一岩浆房脉动事件的产物。火山岩系围岩及矿石Eu亏损明显,结合稀土组分比值特征及岩、矿石轻、中、重稀土三角图解和LREE/HREE-(Eu/∑REE)×100图解特征,表明火山岩浆在通向地表途中受到高度分馏结晶作用,U及REE富集于岩浆期后热液,为铀成矿提供了物质基础,矿区火山岩系成岩事件与铀成矿事件均是受制于火山岩浆活动的地质事件。成矿流体富含F,Cl,CO2等挥发分,在还原环境下成矿物质卸载,成矿温度可能不大于250℃,富矿石成因更为复杂,可能经历了多期次成矿叠加。     

Two kinds of silicalites in Mount Ailao belt, Yunnan Province

Two kinds of radiolarian silicalites at the bottom and top of the ophiolite in the Mount (Mt.) Ailao belt, Yunnan Province, are dealt with in this work in terms of geology, micro-paleontology, isotope and REE. The first kind of silicalite was defined as the turbidite formation. In this category, the radiolarian species lived in the Late Devonian (D3). The corresponding ecologic assemblage, composed of δ 30Si (0.4‰-0.5‰, average 0.03‰), δ Ce (0.77- 0.97, average 0.85) and LaN /YbN (0.77-1.06, average 0.96) of silicalite, shows that it occurred in the abyssal environment. The second kind of silicalite was defined as the mud-siliceous formation. Contacting conformably with the basalt of the ophiolite suit, the radiolarian silicalite at the top of ophiolite was in the category of the component units of the ophiolite in the Mt. Ailao belt. In this category, the radiolarian species lived in the Early Carboniferous (C1-). The corresponding ecologic assemblage, composed of d 30Si (0.2‰-1.3‰, averaging 0.7‰), dδCe (0.88- 0.92, averaging 0.90) and LaN /YbN (0.77-1.45, averaging 1.22), of silicalites indicate that it occurred in the bathyal environment. All these facts domonstrate that the Mt. Ailao must have been a small ocean basin at that time.     

河北围场小扣花营锰银矿床稀土元素地球化学研究

小扣花营锰银矿床是一个浅成低温热液脉状矿床,主要物质成分为石英,碳酸盐和硫化物。     

稀土元素在环境中的行为及其生态效应

随着稀土元素广泛的开发利用,稀土进入环境中的数量急剧增加.外源稀土进入环境以后必然会通过食物链进入人体、动物体和植物体内,但是到目前为止还没有证据说明稀土是人体的必需元素,因而稀土对生态环境和人体健康的影响是稀土农用必须关注的重点.本文从稀土元素的地球化学特征入手,对稀土在环境中的循环过程及其产生的生态效应进行了研究,为合理的施用稀土微肥提供科学依据.     

Magnetic field induced synthesis of (Ni,Zn)Fe2O4 spinel nanorod for enhanced alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction

Recently, the introduction of external fields(light, thermal, magnetism, etc.) during electrocatalysis reactions gradually becomes a new strategy to modulate the catalytic activities. In this work, an external magnetic field was innovatively employed for the synthesis progress of(Ni, Zn)Fe₂O₄spinel oxide(M-(Ni, Zn)Fe₂O₄). Results indicated the magnetic field(≤250 m T) would affect the morphology of catalyst due to the existing Fe ions, inducing the M-(...     

洗涤剂的遗传毒理学效应的研究I.紫露草四分体微核试验

应用紫露草四分体微核技术对６种洗涤剂的遗传毒理学效应进行研究，结果表明，３种洗衣粉和３种洗洁精在一定浓度剂量范围内，能够强烈地诱发紫露草四分体微核率显著提高，而且紫露草四分体微核率与洗涤剂浓度之间呈现剂量效应，直线相关回归方程分析表明，它们的相关显著或极显著，初步证明这些洗涤剂在一定浓度时具有遗传毒理学效应，而这种“潜在”的危险性应当引起人们的高度重视。     

矽卡岩中石榴子石的稀土配分特征及其成因指示

通过总结矽卡岩矿床中石榴子石的主、微量成分组成特征,探讨影响稀土配分特征的主要原因.结果表明,矽卡岩矿床中石榴子石主要为钙铝-钙铁榴石系列.随着Fe含量减少,从钙铁榴石富集轻稀土变化为钙铝榴石富集重稀土.随着钙铁榴石含量逐渐减少,富集轻稀土的石榴石配分曲线最高点从La-Ce移动到Ce-Pr,再移动到Pr-Nd.石榴子石...     

钍的地球化学性质与资源分布概述

岩浆作用过程中Th与U、REE、Zr的地球化学行为相似,作为不相容元素残留在岩浆演化后期的熔体中,在碱性岩、伟晶岩及火成碳酸岩中富集.表生过程中钍的地球化学性质不活泼,能够保存在稳定的含钍独居石矿物晶格中形成砂矿.热液活动过程中钍主要以复合碳酸络合物的形式迁移.全球钍资源量约为637万t,主要分布在印度、巴西、澳大利亚...     

Rare earth elements in hydrothermal fluids from Kueishantao, off northeastern Taiwan: Indicators of shallow-water, sub-seafloor hydrothermal processes

The rare earth element (REE) geochemistry of hydrothermal vent systems has been investigated intensively, but few studies have been carried out on marine shallow-water hydrothermal systems like that at Kueishantao. Here we present novel data sets of REE in hydrothermal fluids from Kueishantao, off northeastern Taiwan. The total REE (ΣREE) concentrations of yellowish fluids are similar to those of whitish fluids, 813–1212 ng/L, and are significantly higher than that of ambient seawater. The yellowish fluids have chondrite-normalized REE (REEN) distribution patterns with slight convex-downward curvatures at Eu; and the REE patterns of the whitish fluids are smooth at Eu, which is related to the lower temperature and more oxidizing conditions. The Kueishantao hydrothermal fluids are slightly enriched in light REE (La-Nd) relative to the heavy REE (Gd-Lu). The behaviors of REE in both yellowish and whitish fluids are affected by the short time of water-rock interaction. The REE distributions in the yellowish fluids are also affected by very low pH (2.81 and 2.29), boiling of the fluid and precipitation of native sulfur. In the whitish fluids, adsorption by small particles and formation of REE-chloride complexes has played a role in the distribution of REE.     

MoS2/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的构建及其可见光催化性能研究

本研究通过水热合成法和超声法成功构建MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合型光催化剂。通过X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、红外光谱（IR）以及紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis）表征技术对复合型催化剂的物理化学特性进行分析。以光催化降解罗丹明B（RhB）为探针反应,探究可见光下不同质量比的MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合型光催化剂对RhB光催化降解性能的影响。实验结果表明,当MoS₂负载量为30%,光催化降解80 min时,10 mg/L的RhB溶液的降解率为96.7%。MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合催化剂相比于纯的g-C₃N₄,MoS₂降解RhB的效果有显著地提高。光催化降解性能的提升归因于两半导体间MoS₂和g-C₃N₄异质结界面构筑,有效地抑制光生电子（e^-）和空穴（h⁺）的复合,从而提高复合型光催化剂MoS₂/g-C₃N₄的光催化性能。     

CdS修饰低密度TiO2纳米棒阵列复合膜的制备及光电性能

为了提高CdS光敏层在TiO₂一维纳米棒阵列中的填充率,在TiO₂种子层的基础上,采用水热法于FTO导电玻璃表面生长了棒长较短、棒间距较大的低密度TiO₂一维纳米棒阵列膜,通过化学浴沉积在TiO₂纳米棒表面包覆CdS种子层,以此为基底采用水热法于TiO₂一维纳米阵列中生长CdS光敏层。采用SEM,XRD及紫外-可见吸收光谱对不同CdS水热生长时间的TiO₂/CdS复合膜结构进行了表征,并对其光电性能进行了研究。结果表明,低密度TiO₂纳米棒阵列有利于CdS生长液在阵列中渗入形成完全包覆的CdS种子层,CdS光敏层通过水热过程在整个TiO₂纳米棒表面均匀生长,逐渐形成CdS对TiO₂纳米棒阵列的完全填充和包覆,并在阵列顶端形成由CdS纳米短棒组成的花状修饰层;CdS的修饰将TiO₂一维纳米阵列膜的光吸收拓展至可见光区,水热生长7 h所得到的TiO₂/CdS复合膜具有最高光电流。所制备的CdS修饰低密度TiO₂纳米棒复合膜在太阳电池器件中具有很好的应用前景。     

相山矿田斑岩型铀矿床地球化学特征及成矿机制探讨

相山矿田北部多数铀矿床在时空和成因上与超浅成侵入相的花岗斑岩密切相关,可归属为斑岩型铀矿床.以横涧—岗上英、沙洲矿床为例,通过稀土元素、微量元素及C,O同位素地球化学特征研究,探讨铀成矿物质来源、成矿流体演化及成矿机制.研究表明,相山矿田火山岩系具同源性,是陆壳物质熔融的产物,火山岩浆在通向地表途中受到高度分馏的结晶作...     

碳钛复合材料负载钴基费-托合成 催化剂的结构和催化性能

采用水热法合成碳钛复合材料,以碳钛复合材料为载体制备了钴基费-托合成催化剂.采用氮气物理吸附-脱附、原位X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对催化剂进行了表征,在固定床反应器上对催化剂的费-托合成催化性能进行了评价.结果表明：利用碳改性二氧化钛可明显影响催化剂的催化活性,由于碳的引入导致催化剂更易于还原,催化剂的分散较好,具有更高的费-托合成活性和重质烃选择性(C₅⁺).     

Rational construction of NiCo_2O_4@Fe_2O_3 core-shell nanowire arrays for high-performance supercapacitors

Fe_2O_3 electrode materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in electrochemical energy storage system. However, its poor electrical conductivity limits its future practical application. The binder-free Ni Co_2O_4@Fe_2O_3 composites was reasonably designed and fabricated on carbon fiber paper with NiCo_2 O_4 nanowires as conductive scaffold in the present investigation. The three-dimensional nanostructure of the porous Fe_2O_3 nanorods coated the Ni Co2 O4 nanowire arrays showed the fascinating electrochemical performance, including high specific capacitance of 262 m F/cm2 at a current density of 1 m A/cm2, and remarkable cycle stability with～74.2% capacitance retention after 4000 cycles. The excellent pseudocapacitance performance of NiCo_2O_4@Fe_2O_3 composite materials is due to synergistic effect between NiCo_2O_4 and Fe_2O_3. The results of the present work show that NiCo_2O_4@Fe_2O_3 core-shell composite electrode is expected to exhibit excellent performance in the field of supercapacitors.     

Primary Sn-rich titianite in the Qitianling granite, Hunan Province, southern China: An important type of tin-bearing mineral and its implications for tin exploration

The Qitianling calc-alkaline granite in Hunan Province (South China) has attracted much attention since the discovery of the Furong super-large tin deposit. The present study provides new mineralogical data to address their implications for exploration of tin deposits. In the Taoxiwo granite in the southeastern part of the Qitianling granite body, Sn-rich titanite was identified as an important type of Sn-bearing mineral. The titanite commonly occurs with biotite as euhedral crystals, exhibiting typical envelope-like shape and sector-zoning texture. These indicate that the titanite most likely crystallized in the magmatic stage. Electron-microprobe analyses show that the titanite is enriched in tin up to 1.12 wt% SnO₂, with an average of 0.43 wt%. With the crystallization of the granite, primary minerals undertook hydrothermal alteration by magma-derived fluids. Subsequently, in the hydrothermal stage, the primary Sn-bearing titanite was altered (at least partially), but still preserved its typical envelope-shaped outline. Micro-scale cassiterite is a representative product of such alteration; other secondary minerals include fluorite, ilmenite, Sn-bearing rutile and quartz. Therefore, the titanite, commonly present in the calcalkaline granites, can be treated as an important Sn-carrying mineral in the Qitianling granite, reflecting the primary magmatic environment with tin enrichment. The hydrothermal alteration of the primary titanite and subsequent crystallization of cassiterite recorded a process of leaching and accumulation of tin in magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the Sn-bearing granite. Thus, this titanite has important implications for tin exploration. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40730423 and 40221301) and Project of China Geological Survey (Grant No. 1212010632100)