脉冲激光场中金微粒表面温度的探究

激光照射纳米微粒法是基因转染的一种,其中涉及到的细胞成活率和基因转染率与纳米粒子的光热效应密切相关,且最终依赖于结合体表面所达到的温度.该文作为基因转染的前期工作,旨在能够方便地计算出脉冲激光照射下金粒子的表面温度,设计出激光照射靶的最佳参数,理论上提高转染效率.这里以脉冲激光与金粒子相互作用为研究对象,基于热传导方程,将粒子的吸热过程按照4个距离参数(R,δ,χfτ,χAuτ)进行分割,并在每个加热区域分析出了表面温度的数学表达式.结果表明在激光功率密度为5×1011 W/cm2,波长为532nm时,表面温度分析法得到的关于表面温度随金粒子半径变化的曲线趋势与米氏理论数值解析得到的趋势相同,数据点基本吻合.且在3种不同的脉冲持续时间下(30ns,30ps,30fs)都得到了证明.另外,表面温度随金粒子半径和脉冲宽度变化的密度图还显示出了获得最大温度的参数关系式R=2χfτ.因此,依据加热区域的划分,利用表面温度分析的方法可以简便、准确地获得金粒子在激光参数下的表面温度,在理论上设计出了激光与金纳米粒子结合的最佳参数.     

金纳米颗粒的摄入对细胞光学性质影响的数值仿真

采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)方法计算了细胞摄入金纳米颗粒后的消光光谱,并对金纳米颗粒在细胞中3种不同的分布做了比较:金纳米颗粒均匀分布细胞膜上;金纳米颗粒在细胞质内均匀分布,不存在于细胞核中;金纳米颗粒在整个细胞中均匀分布.分析结果表明,由于金纳米颗粒的等离子共振效应,细胞在可见光区域的散射截面产生增强,并且其消光光谱的峰形和消光峰的位置也发生相应的变化,这种变化依赖于金纳米颗粒在细胞内的分布情况.当金纳米颗粒在细胞膜上均匀分布的时候,细胞的消光光谱的峰值最大,而另外2种情况则形成较宽的消光峰.计算结果有助进一步理解纳米颗粒在细胞内的扩散或生长的过程.     

金磁微粒的制备及其固定牛血清蛋白的研究

采用水热法快速制备Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,并通过表面氨基化与金纳米粒子自组装构建金磁微粒(Fe_3O_4@Au).表征Fe_3O_4@Au理化性质,并优化Fe_3O_4@Au对牛血清蛋白的固定体系.实验结果表明,所制备的金纳米粒子平均粒径达到(7.8±0.4)nm,氨基化的磁性材料可以固载金纳米粒子,金磁微粒饱和磁化强度为61 emu/g;金磁微粒对牛血清蛋白的固定化体系为金磁微粒添加量0.1 g,固定化温度50℃,固定化时间10 min,且平均固定量为5.189 mg/g.     

姜黄素联合光照对BGC -823细胞膜通透性及线粒体膜电位的影响

为了研究在光照和避光条件下姜黄素(CUR)对人胃腺癌BGC - 823细胞膜通透性及线粒体膜电位的影响,探讨CUR抑制BGC - 823细胞生长的机制,在体外培养的BGC - 823细胞加CUR后光照或避光处理24h,利用激光共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)检测线粒体膜电位变化,利用流式细胞仪(FCM)检测细胞膜通透性改变.结...     

二维金纳米微粒有序阵列的制备

对于用十二烷基硫醇包覆的金纳米微粒，用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)技术制备了二维金纳米微粒有序阵列．在单纯的硫醇包覆的金纳米微粒形成的LB膜中，由于硫醇分子之间的疏水相互作用，容易导致金纳米微粒的自组织而在LB膜中形成缺陷．为了改善金纳米微粒的成膜性能和提高金纳米微粒阵列的有序性，正十二醇作为添加剂和润滑剂加入到金纳米微粒的氯仿溶液中与金纳米微粒一起形成LB膜．用透射电子显微镜对金纳米微粒的二维阵列进行了表征．结果表明，正十二醇的加入可以有效地减少用LB技术制备的二维金纳米微粒阵列中的缺陷，提高金纳米微粒阵列的有序性．     

金纳米微粒晶格畸变和结合能的尺寸形状效应

利用紧束缚分子动力学的方法,模拟了球形和立方体金纳米微粒的最近邻原子间距以及结合能. 研究表明,原子数为108, 256的立方体纳米微粒的稳定结构是非晶态,而其他尺寸的球形和立方体形微粒则是面心立方结构. 对于晶态结构,在一定的形状下,金纳米微粒的最近邻原子间距以及结合能随着微粒尺寸的减小而降低;而在微粒原子数一定时,球形金纳米微粒的最近邻原子间距以及结合能的变化量分别要小于立方体形微粒的相应变化量. 由于晶体-非晶转变对于最近邻原子间距的影响非常明显,因此最近邻原子间距可以作为晶态和非晶态纳米微粒的一个判据. 通过线性拟合模拟数据, 定量地给出了形状对于最邻近原子间距变化量的贡献为总变化量的2%,而对于结合能的贡献为总变化量的15%. 本文模拟的最近邻原子间距的数值与文献上报道的实验结果符合得很好.     

有机溶剂对大肠杆菌细胞膜的影响

通过对甲苯、四氯化碳、正己烷、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯4种有机溶剂对大肠杆菌K12存活率、细胞膜电位、通透性和脂肪酸组成的影响研究发现:大肠杆菌对正己烷、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯耐受性较对四氯化碳和甲苯的耐受性强;在有机溶剂刺激下,可以看到细胞膜电位的降低及细胞膜通透性的增加,细胞膜饱和脂肪酸比例增加.在加入0.3%四氯化碳30min后,细胞膜电位下降了16.3%,通透性增加34.5%,饱和脂肪酸比例达到38.7%.因此,大肠杆菌通过细胞膜的变化来适应有机溶剂的刺激.     

小菜蛾颗粒体病毒Px26基因功能的初步分析

用Px26和Px26-egfp融合基因瞬时表达质粒对多种昆虫传代细胞系进行转染实验,探讨Px26的功能属性.实验结果表明,Px26编码产物主要定位于被转染细胞的细胞膜上,在低pH诱导下未观察到被转染细胞膜融合现象.     

飞秒激光照射金纳米颗粒的分子动力学模拟

在分子动力学的基础上引入了双温度模型,对飞秒激光照射金纳米颗粒的相变传热过程进行了模拟研究。利用序参数法对传热过程中颗粒内部固液相变的发生进行了判别,并获取了纳米颗粒受飞秒激光照射的熔化特性,在此基础上研究了不同大小的激光能量对熔化过程的影响。结果表明,在飞秒激光照射金纳米颗粒的过程中,当颗粒内部相变发生时,金原子的空间分布由面心立方规则排列逐渐变为不规则无序的松散排列,纳米颗粒内部所有区域都发生了熔化现象,不存在一个明显的固液模拟界面。随着激光的不断照射,熔化比例逐渐增加。     

超声对细胞膜通透性影响的研究现状

不同剂量和强度的超声对细胞会产生一定生物效应.当超声参数设置合适时,能使细胞膜通透性明显增强.加入声学造影剂,由于造影剂中存在很多微泡,微泡在超声波的作用下被激活,泡核表现为振荡、生长、收缩及崩溃等一系列动力学过程,在此过程中局部产生高温高压,使细胞膜通透性进一步增强.细胞膜通透性增强能使细胞内物质释放,细胞外物质进入细胞,这样可用于释放代谢物质或中间产物,化学方法治疗肿瘤及基因转导等.根据近几年的研究,超声对细胞膜通透性的影响可以部分用于解释超声杀菌的机理,但这还有待于我们进一步的深入研究.     

Targeted transfection by femtosecond laser

The challenge for successful delivery of foreign DNA into cells in vitro, a key technique in cell and molecular biology with important biomedical implications, is to improve transfection efficiency while leaving the cell's architecture intact. Here we show that a variety of mammalian cells can be directly transfected with DNA without perturbing their structure by first creating a tiny, localized perforation in the membrane using ultrashort (femtosecond), high-intensity, near-infrared laser pulses. Not only does this superior optical technique give high transfection efficiency and cell survival, but it also allows simultaneous evaluation of the integration and expression of the introduced gene.     

电磁脉冲对肿瘤细胞的影响

用电磁脉冲处理S180肉瘤细胞,然后研究细胞膜、线粒体、细胞核、内质网、细胞周期、细胞凋亡率、细胞中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的变化.结果发现,细胞膜受到一定强度的电磁脉冲处理时,其通透性障碍受到抑制,细胞膜上出现微孔,细胞膜微绒毛受到损伤.细胞周期发生改变,其中G2期发生显著改变.线粒体发生肿胀,嵴消失,内膜断裂.细胞核出现染色质凝集,内质网肿胀.电磁脉冲处理后细胞的凋亡率提高7.8%,与对照组相比显著提高(P<0.05).通过检测SOD活性和MDA浓度,发现电磁脉冲对细胞内的SOD活性和MDA的浓度没有显著性影响(P>0.05).     

Single mimivirus particles intercepted and imaged with an X-ray laser

X-ray lasers offer new capabilities in understanding the structure of biological systems, complex materials and matter under extreme conditions. Very short and extremely bright, coherent X-ray pulses can be used to outrun key damage processes and obtain a single diffraction pattern from a large macromolecule, a virus or a cell before the sample explodes and turns into plasma. The continuous diffraction pattern of non-crystalline objects permits oversampling and direct phase retrieval. Here we show that high-quality diffraction data can be obtained with a single X-ray pulse from a non-crystalline biological sample, a single mimivirus particle, which was injected into the pulsed beam of a hard-X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source. Calculations indicate that the energy deposited into the virus by the pulse heated the particle to over 100,000?K after the pulse had left the sample. The reconstructed exit wavefront (image) yielded 32-nm full-period resolution in a single exposure and showed no measurable damage. The reconstruction indicates inhomogeneous arrangement of dense material inside the virion. We expect that significantly higher resolutions will be achieved in such experiments with shorter and brighter photon pulses focused to a smaller area. The resolution in such experiments can be further extended for samples available in multiple identical copies.     

Observation of coherent optical information storage in an atomic medium using halted light pulses

Electromagnetically induced transparency is a quantum interference effect that permits the propagation of light through an otherwise opaque atomic medium; a 'coupling' laser is used to create the interference necessary to allow the transmission of resonant pulses from a 'probe' laser. This technique has been used to slow and spatially compress light pulses by seven orders of magnitude, resulting in their complete localization and containment within an atomic cloud. Here we use electromagnetically induced transparency to bring laser pulses to a complete stop in a magnetically trapped, cold cloud of sodium atoms. Within the spatially localized pulse region, the atoms are in a superposition state determined by the amplitudes and phases of the coupling and probe laser fields. Upon sudden turn-off of the coupling laser, the compressed probe pulse is effectively stopped; coherent information initially contained in the laser fields is 'frozen' in the atomic medium for up to 1 ms. The coupling laser is turned back on at a later time and the probe pulse is regenerated: the stored coherence is read out and transferred back into the radiation field. We present a theoretical model that reveals that the system is self-adjusting to minimize dissipative loss during the 'read' and 'write' operations. We anticipate applications of this phenomenon for quantum information processing.     

Absolute-phase phenomena in photoionization with few-cycle laser pulses.

Currently, the shortest laser pulses that can be generated in the visible spectrum consist of fewer than two optical cycles (measured at the full-width at half-maximum of the pulse's envelope). The time variation of the electric field in such a pulse depends on the phase of the carrier frequency with respect to the envelope-the absolute phase. Because intense laser-matter interactions generally depend on the electric field of the pulse, the absolute phase is important for a number of nonlinear processes. But clear evidence of absolute-phase effects has yet to be detected experimentally, largely because of the difficulty of stabilizing the absolute phase in powerful laser pulses. Here we use a technique that does not require phase stabilization to demonstrate experimentally the influence of the absolute phase of a short laser pulse on the emission of photoelectrons. Atoms are ionized by a short laser pulse, and the photoelectrons are recorded with two opposing detectors in a plane perpendicular to the laser beam. We detect an anticorrelation in the shot-to-shot analysis of the electron yield.     

纳米银对体外培养细胞附着形态及膜功能的影响

通过研究纳米银的急性细胞毒性及其对体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)和人脐动脉平滑肌细胞(HUASMC)附着形态、膜流动性和膜完整性的影响,初步探讨了纳米银的生物安全性.实验结果表明:浓度为0.003 9~0.5mg/mL的纳米银没有急性细胞毒性,但会影响细胞的附着形态,使细胞变小变圆,附着性变差;纳米银聚集沉积在细胞膜周围,影响细胞膜的流动性和细胞膜的完整性,从而产生一定的细胞毒性.     

2020年细胞力学热点回眸

 概述了2020年细胞力学研究的热点和进展，探讨了细胞膜表面张力、细胞粘附力、细胞弹性模量、细胞与纳米颗粒相对刚度等对细胞生物学行为的影响及其在疾病诊疗中的应用。     

QT700球墨铸铁曲轴的激光冲击强化试验

选用不同涂层对QT700曲轴激光冲击处理,研究激光冲击强化条件下,QT700曲轴的硬度和表面残余应力等力学性能的变化.发现在激光冲击过程中,黑漆涂层、铝箔涂层和硅酸乙脂涂层均能有效提高冲击试样的表面硬度和表面应力.经过激光连续冲击后,在曲轴试件表面能形成1.0 mm厚的硬化层,其表面硬度最大能达到590 HV.激光脉冲功率从2.8 GW/cm2提高到3.6GW/cm2时,轴颈表面残余压应力相应由326 MPa提高到495 MPa,两次冲击后提高幅值更大.     

基于小热休克蛋白-细胞穿膜肽蛋白纳米粒的siRNA递送系统

利用大肠杆菌表达系统原核表达并纯化小热休克蛋白-细胞穿膜肽融合蛋白(Hsp-Tat);用动态光散射和透射电镜成像分析Hsp-Tat纳米粒的粒径和形貌;用噻唑蓝(MTT)法和活/死细胞染色法研究蛋白纳米粒的细胞相容性;用凝胶阻滞实验检测纳米粒的小干扰RNA(siRNA)复合特性;用激光共聚焦荧光显微镜成像研究蛋白纳米粒的...     

纳米尺度激光紧聚焦光穿孔技术

论述了一种新型的细胞转导方法——纳米尺度激光紧聚焦光穿孔技术.按照光穿孔可能的物理机制,分4类讨论了现在主流的光穿孔技术:连续激光光穿孔,其中最前沿的技术是紫外二极管激光光穿孔;纳秒、皮秒激光脉冲和经放大的千赫兹飞秒激光脉冲光穿孔,其中应用范围最广的是Nd:YAG激光器;飞秒激光振荡器发出的兆赫兹脉冲序列光穿孔,该技术在多尺度、跨学科及在体研究中扮演重要角色;最新出现的利用双脉冲微射流进行光穿孔,这是光穿孔技术中仅有的一种将外源物主动引入细胞内的方法.可以预见:当激光紧聚焦技术结合了双光子荧光显微镜、微芯片实验室、膜片钳技术等各种单细胞分析技术后,必将在细胞间通信、干细胞谱系提交、癌症转移、激光基因疗法、胚胎发育学以及神经功能再生等学科领域中产生重大影响.