H6P2W9Mo9O62·24H2O催化清洁氧化环己酮合成己二酸

通过水热法合成新型Dawson结构磷钨钼杂多酸催化剂,对催化剂进行FT-IR、TG-DTA表征,并用于催化30%H2O2氧化环己酮制备己二酸.通过正交实验确定了优化工艺条件,并探讨了反应机理.结果表明,当n(环己酮)∶n(过氧化氢)∶n(草酸)∶n(催化剂)=100∶400∶1.00∶0.15,反应温度100℃,反应时间5h,进行3次平行实验,己二酸平均收率为71.6%,纯度为99.7%.经蒸发浓缩,催化体系可重复使用5次,收率为50.3%.     

H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3催化合成己二酸

以环己酮为原料,w(H2O2)=30%的过氧化氢为氧化剂,在硫酸氢钠作为助剂的条件下,采用H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3作催化剂合成己二酸。探讨H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3对合成己二酸的催化活性,较系统地研究了催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、酸性助剂硫酸氢钠用量及反应时间四因素对反应的影响。实验表明:H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂是合成己二酸的良好催化剂,在固定环己酮用量为0.1mol的情况下,当催化剂用量为2g,氧化剂用量为50mL,酸性助剂硫酸氢钠的用量为0.05g,反应时间为6h的优化条件下,产品收率可达78.7%。     

H4SiW6Mo6O40／SiO2在H2O2催化氧化环己酮合成己二酸中的应用

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸催化剂．以二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸（H4SiW6M06040／SiO2）为催化剂,30％H202为氧源,催化氧化环己酮合成己二酸．探讨H4SiW6Mo6O40／SiO2对氧化反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了二氧化硅负载硅钨钼酸用量、反应温度、H。02用量、反应时间等因素对产物收率的影响．实验表明：H4SiW6Mo6O40／SiO2是合成己二酸的良好催化剂;在n（环日酮）：n（H2O2）：n（H4SiW6Mo6O40／SiO2）=100：198：0．124,反应温度为110℃,反应时间3．5h的最佳条件下,己二酸的收率可达86．7％．     

H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

采用浸渍法制备了H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,并通过FT-IR、XRD对其进行了表征。探讨了该催化剂对合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的催化活性,研究了不同因素对产品收率的影响。在n（乙二醇）∶n（环己酮）=1.4∶1,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1.5%,反应时间75 min的条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率为87.5%.     

离子液体中合成己二酸

在处于室温条件下的离子液体中,以NaW04·2H2O为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂,用环己酮合成己二酸。讨论了离子液体用量、NaWO4·2H2O用量、H2O2用量以及回收离子液体的使用等条件对反应的影响。此法后处理简便,产品收率高（70．5％）。     

环己酮3-氯-1,2-丙二醇缩酮的催化合成

目的合成环己酮3-氯-1,2-丙二醇缩酮。方法采用浸渍法制备了H6P2W18O62/TiO2-SiO2催化剂,并采用FT-IR、XRD、SEM对其进行了表征。以环己酮和3-氯-1,2-丙二醇为原料,催化合成环己酮3-氯-1,2-丙二醇缩酮,采用FT-IR、1 H NMR、13 C NMR等表征手段来分析合成产物为环己酮3-氯-1,2-丙二醇缩酮。结果在酮醇摩尔比为1∶1.4,带水剂环己烷用量8mL,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2.0%,反应时间1.0h的条件下,缩酮收率可达85.0%。催化剂重复使用5次后收率有72.6%。结论 H6P2W18O62/TiO2-SiO2催化剂对合成环己酮3-氯-1,2-丙二醇缩酮不仅反应时间短,催化剂用量少,而且产品收率高。     

己二酸绿色合成的实验教学研究

以磷钨酸为催化剂,30%H2O2为氧化剂,反应体系中无需加入其他相转移催化剂,催化氧化环己酮合成了己二酸。考察了催化剂的用量、反应物配比及反应时间对己二酸收率的影响。确定了最佳反应条件:当n(环己酮)∶n(H2O2)∶n(磷钨酸)=240∶1125∶1时,一定温度下回流反应3h,产率可达60.4%。加入一定量的硫酸氢钠可以使产率达到65.5%。该方法克服了目前使用浓硝酸或高锰酸钾氧化存在的污染大,反应时间长,后处理麻烦等特点,实验表明这是一条合成己二酸的绿色途径,可用于大学基础有机化学实验课中。     

H6P2Mo9W9O62/MCM-41催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

目的合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮。方法采用浸渍法制备了H_6P_2Mo_9W_9O_(62)/MCM-41催化剂,并采用FT-IR、XRD对其进行了表征。以环己酮和乙二醇为原料,催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮,采用FT-IR表征手段来表征合成产物。结果经反应条件优化,在酮醇摩尔比为1∶1.3,带水剂环己烷用量为8 mL,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的0.8%,反应时间为60 min的条件下,缩酮收率可达82.6%。催化剂重复使用5次后收率仍有73.5%。结论催化剂H_6P_2Mo_9W_9O_(62)/MCM-41对合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮具有反应时间短、催化剂用量少、产品收率高等优点。     

二氧化钛负载磷钨钼杂多酸催化合成丁醛乙二醇缩醛

采用浸渍法制备了二氧化钛负载磷钨钼杂多酸催化剂H3PW6Mo6O40/TiO2,该催化剂的适宜制备条件为:原料质量比m(TiO2)∶m(H3PW6Mo6O40)=1∶1,水的用量30 mL,浸渍时间12 h,活化温度150℃。以H3PW6Mo6O40/TiO2为催化剂,对以丁醛与乙二醇为原料合成丁醛乙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究,较系统地研究了丁醛与乙二醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对收率影响。实验结果表明,在n(丁醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1.0∶1.4、催化剂用量占反应物料总质量的0.8%、反应时间1.5 h的条件下,丁醛乙二醇缩醛的收率达51.3%.     

钛酸铅催化碳酸二甲酯与苯酚的酯交换反应

用水热法制备了焦绿石型的催化剂Pb2Ti2O6,并用其催化碳酸二甲酯与苯酚的酯交换反应。研究了制备Pb2Ti2O6所需前驱物配比和焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响以及催化剂对酯交换反应的作用效果。通过XRD、NH3-TPD、SEM等表征手段对催化剂的结构、表面酸性、形貌进行了表征。表征显示,在300℃焙烧条件下,焦绿石型Pb2Ti2O6开始发生晶型转变,表面酸性消失;焙烧至500℃得到钙钛矿型PbTiO3。实验表明,钙钛矿型PbTiO3较焦绿石型Pb2Ti2O6对酯交换反应有更好的活性。同时考察了钙钛矿型PbTiO3催化剂的使用寿命,发现催化剂在使用4次后,酯交换产物甲基苯基碳酸酯(MPC)和碳酸二苯酯(DPC)收率分别从16.9%和8.9%下降为7.1%和3.3%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-