一个水稻白化致死突变体abl25鉴定及其基因定位

经Co60辐照的粳稻嘉花1号得到一个新的致死白化突变体albino lethal 25(abl25),该突变体从发芽至4叶期表现为白化苗,之后逐渐死亡.与野生型嘉花1号相比,abl25突变体的叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素的含量大大降低,叶绿体结构不正常,说明其叶绿体发育受到严重阻碍,导致植物死亡.遗传分析表明:该突变体受一对隐性核基因(abl25)控制,进一步利用abl25与广占63S杂交的F2分离群体,将该突变体基因(abl25)定位于第2染色体上SSR标记RM424与Indel分子标记ID7330之间,随后利用新开发的分子标记和扩大群体将其定位在Indel分子标记ID9111和ID9261之间的150 kb内,发现abl25是一个新的水稻苗期白化致死基因.     

一个水稻苗期白化致死突变体asl6的鉴定及其基因定位

经60Coγ诱变处理粳稻嘉花1号得到一个稳定遗传苗期白化致死突变体asl6(albino seedling lethality 6).与野生型(WT)相比,该突变体从发芽出苗起一直表现白化,四叶期逐渐死亡,叶合色素含量几乎没有且没有完整的叶绿体结构.通过qRT-PCR分析发现,与叶绿体发育、叶绿素合成及光合作用相关的基因表达量明显下调.对利用asl6突变体与培矮64S杂交获得的F2代分离群体进行遗传分析,发现该突变表型受单个隐性核基因控制.利用图位克隆技术将该asl6基因定位于第2号染色体的InDel分子标记ID31982与SSR分子标记MM5712之间约293 kb的区域内.目前,该范围内没有叶色相关基因的报道,可能为一新的调控水稻叶绿体发育的基因.     

拟南芥叶色突变体ems3的基因定位

ems3是经甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变筛选得到的一拟南芥叶色突变体.通过背景纯化与遗传分析,发现ems3突变体是单基因隐性控制.利用图位克隆的方法对叶色基因EMS3进行了定位,结果表明:EMS3位于第5条染色体分子标记MHF15和MHF152之间55kb的区间内.生物信息预测,该区间包括有16个基因.这些结果为该基因的克隆及叶绿体发育过程中的功能研究奠定了基础.     

水稻早熟基因显性抑制基因的遗传分析和分子标记定位

将明恢63，9311，IR68，献国和BG1639等5个迟热水稻品种与早籼核不育系6442S—7杂交，对F1，F2代以及三交F1群体进行抽穗期遗传分析．结果表明，9311，IR68，献国和BG1639等4个迟熟品种含有1对等位的显性抑制基因，可部分地抑制6442S—7显性早熟基因的表达．以6442S—7∥明恢63／9311三交F1群体为定位群体，利用微卫星标记将该抑制基因定位于水稻第8染色体短臂上．该抑制基因命名为Su—Ef-cd(t)，并认为该基因对于利用6442S—7早熟基因来培育不同熟期的早熟和中早熟品种具有重要意义．     

水稻高温白化复绿突变体tcd52的遗传分析和分子定位

粳稻品种“嘉花1号”经甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）化学诱变处理,获得一个稳定遗传水稻幼苗高温白化复绿突变体tcd52.该突变体在高温（>24℃）条件下,二叶期叶色呈白色失绿,三叶期开始复绿,四叶期后与野生型没有明显差异;而在低温（20℃）条件下,tcd52突变体苗期叶色与野生型一致呈绿色,无白化现象.利用该突变体tcd52与“培矮64S”杂交构建F₂遗传群体,发现苗期的高温白化复绿叶色性状受到一对隐性核基因控制,并将该突变基因（tcd52）定位在水稻第5染色体上的ID05M16025和ID05M16113分子标记之间的127 kb区间内,经测序推定突变基因是编码PPR蛋白的基因LOC＿Os05g49920.结果表明：tcd52是一个受高温响应且影响水稻早期叶绿体发育的关键基因.今后将进一步对tcd52基因进行研究,以加深了解温度对水稻叶绿体分子发育机理.     

一个新的水稻幼苗黄叶突变体的遗传分析及其基因的初步定位

在60Coγ射线辐照的水稻突变体库中,发现了一个以粳稻品种日本晴为遗传背景的幼苗叶色黄化突变体syl11(seedling yellow leaf 11).与野生型相比,突变体幼苗第二和第三叶表现黄色,在其完全展开之前叶片自其顶端开始转绿,长到四叶期其叶色恢复正常;并且该突变体syl11幼苗黄色叶片光合色素含量明显下降.遗传分析表明,该突变体的遗传性状由1对隐性核基因控制.本研究以培矮64S/syl11的F2代突变型植株作为定位群体,应用微卫星(SSR)分子标记以及新发展的InDel分子标记,将基因syl11定位在水稻第11号染色体长臂上的RM26652和处于着丝粒附近的ID11974分子标记之间,其遗传距离分别为0.5 cM和0.7 cM.     

一个新的水稻矮秆突变体sd-sl的遗传与基因定位研究

新的矮秆基因的发掘、研究和利用对水稻育种和植物生长发育机制研究有重要的作用.用60Coγ射线辐照粳稻9522,获得一个能稳定遗传的突变体.该突变体表型为株高较野生型矮,叶片短而微卷.将该突变体与籼稻广陆矮杂交,F2代呈3∶1分离,说明该突变体受隐性单基因控制.通过InDel分子标记对F2代分离群体进行遗传定位,将该基因定位于第6染色体InDel标记OS604附近.随后又发展了多对有多态性的InDel分子标记,将该基因座位精细定位在InDel标记XL6-6和XL6-1之间,AP003490和AP005619上,两个引物之间的物理距离为118 kb.本研究为该克隆基因及其作用机理的探究奠定了基础.     

一个水稻抗纹枯病突变体的遗传分析及其基因的初步定位

高水平抗纹枯病突变体和高感纹枯病品种蜀恢881杂交构建分离群体,经F2分离世代的遗传分析,抗、感单株比例符合3 1(χc2=0.563,χ12,0.05=3.84),初步确定该突变体对纹枯病的抗性由一对显性主效基因所控制,命名为Rsb-2(t)。利用已合成的530对微卫星引物,对抗纹枯病突变体和蜀恢881进行多态性引物筛选,用多态性引物对上述F2分离群体的全部感病单株和部分抗病单株的DNA进行PCR分析,借助MAPERMAKER/EXP3.0软件,对其微卫星标记实验数据进行连锁分析,将Rsb-2(t)定位于第3染色体的p臂,发现RM218、RM251、RM4321和RM5748与Rsb-2(t)连锁,它们均位于着丝粒端,连锁距离分别为32.1 cM,41.1 cM,42.4 cM和49.7 cM。研究结果为进一步对该基因的精细定位奠定了基础。     

一个新水稻低温敏感叶色突变体tcm11的鉴定及基因定位

对粳稻嘉花1号经~(60)Coγ诱变处理获得的稳定遗传低温敏感叶色突变体tcm11(thermo-sensitive chloroplast mutant 11)进行了表型鉴定与遗传分析.在20℃条件下,该突变体三叶期之前幼苗均表现为黄色,光合色素含量明显下降,叶绿体发育不完整,从第4叶开始逐渐转为浅黄绿色直至最后死亡.而在32℃条件下,其表型与野生型相比没有明显差异,具有低温敏感属性.通过对培矮64S与tcm11杂交的F_2代分离群体进行遗传分析,发现该低温敏感突变体性状是受单个隐性核基因(tcm11)控制,利用图位克隆技术对tcm11进行定位,将其定位在第11号染色体的InDel分子标记ID13252与SSR分子标记MM1361之间一个约1 566 kb的区域内.这也为后续的研究奠定了基础.     

水稻矮化突变体G蛋白α亚基基因的结构和表达

利用γ-Co60辐射诱发水稻特光矮-2(Oryza sativa L.cv.TGA-2)产生变异,获得一种稳定遗传的新型水稻矮化突变体dwarf69.dwarf69和TGA-2及其杂交后代F1、F2、F3成熟期的株高数据表明矮化表型受一对隐性基因控制.进一步研究发现,虽然dwarf69和TGA-2的G蛋白α亚基基因(Rice G protein alpha-subunit,RGA)编码区核苷酸序列只有一个核苷酸的差异,但RGA在野生型TGA-2中的表达量明显高于在突变体dwarf69中的表达量.对矮化突变体dwarf69和野生型TGA-2的RGA基因5＇上游区的序列分析表明,dwarf69 RGA 5＇上游区比TGA-2RGA5＇上游区多出1076bp.首次报道水稻矮化突变体中的RGA5＇上游区序列与其野生种的RGA5＇上游区序列存在显著的差异.     

水稻雄性不育突变体OsMS121的遗传及定位分析

通过射线诱变粳稻9522种子获得一株水稻雄性不育突变体OsMS121．遗传分析的结果显示突变体是单基因隐性突变．细胞学观察发现突变体花粉的萌发孔在发育过程中出现异常．萌发孔的塞子体积较小,且畸形．萌发孔的孢粉素层与野生型相比较为稀疏;环状突起不明显,结构松散,呈颗粒状．用图位克隆的方法将该基因定位在水稻第二条染色体分子标记R2M16—2和R2M18—1之间约200KB范围内．这些结果为该基因的克隆及其在花粉发育中的功能研究奠定了基础。     

Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a lax mutant in rice

We have analyzed a lax mutant that exhibits altered panicle architecture in rice.The primary and secondary rachis-branches are normally initiated and each branch ends in a terminal spikelet,but all the lateral spikelets are absent and the terminal spikelet displays variegated structures in the mutant.An F2 population from the cross between the lax mutant and a japonica variety,W11,was constructed and analyzed.Using microsatellite and CAPS markers,the lax locus was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 1,co-segregated with a CAPS marker,LZ1,within an interval of 0.28 cM between a CAPS marker,HB2,and a microsatellite marker,MRG4389.RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of the rice B-function MADS-box genes OsMADS2,OsMADS4,OsMADS16 and OsMADS3 were significantly reduced,whereas the expression of the rice A-function gene RAPIA was not altered.     

Genetic analysis and gene fine mapping for a rice novel mutant （rl9〈t）） with rolling leaf character

Much attention has been paid to leaf shape of rice in the process of ideotype breeding[1]. Several authors have reported that the rolling of leaf in some degree helps keep it erect, consequently optimizing canopy light transmission condition, which is good for dry matter accumulation and for high yield[2―6]. Rice as a polymorphic crop has many types of vari- ety with different morphologies. In terms of leaf shape, different cultivars with rolling leaf have been identifiedin rice germplasm. Le…     

Characterization and mapping of a white panicle mutant gene in rice

A spontaneous white panicle mutant was found from the F6 progenies of an indicajaponica cross.The mutant exhibits white stripes on its basal leaves while the panicles,rachis and pedicel are milky white colored at flowering stage.Genetic analysis in an F2 population from the cross of Zhi7/white panicle mutant indicates that the white panicle phenotype is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene,tentatively termed as wp(t).Using microsatellite markers,the wp(t) gene was anchored between the markers of SSR101 and SSR63.9 with a map distance of 2.3 and 0.8cM,respectively,and co-segregated with the marker of SSR17 on rice chromosome 1.     

Efficient indica and japonica rice identification based on the InDel molecular method: Its implication in rice breeding and evolutionary research

An efficient molecular method for the accurate and efficient identification of indica and japonica rice was created based on the poly-morphisms of insertion/deletion (InDel) DNA fragments obtained from the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) to the entire genomic sequences of indica (93-11) and japonica rice (Nipponbare). The 45 InDel loci were validated experimentally by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in 44 typical indica and japonica rice varieties, including 93-11 and Nipponbare. A neutrality test of the data matrix generated from electrophoretic banding patterns of various InDel loci indicated that 34 InDel loci were strongly associated with the differentiation of indica and japonica rice. More extensive analyses involving cultivated rice varieties from 11 Asian countries, and 12 wild Oryza species with various origins confirmed that indica and japonica characteristics could accurately be determined via calculating the average frequency of indica- or japonica-specific alleles on different InDel loci across the rice genome. This method was named as the "InDel molecular index" that combines molecular and statistical methods in determining the indica and japonica characteristics of rice varieties. Compared with the traditional methods based essentially on morphology, the InDel molecular index provides a very accurate, rapid, simple, and efficient method for identifying indica and japonica rice. In addition, the InDel index can be used to determine indica or japonica characteristics of wild Oryza species, which largely extends the utility of this method. The InDel molecular index provides a new tool for the effective selection of appropriate indica or japonica rice germplasm in rice breeding. It also offers a novel model for the study of the origin, evolution, and genetic differentiation of indica and japonica rice adapted to various environmental changes.     

Genetic analysis and mapping of rice （Oryza sativa L.） male-sterile （OsMS-L） mutant

A rice male-sterile mutant OsMS-L of japonica cultivar 9522 background, was obtained in M4 population treated with ^60Co γ-Ray. Genetic analysis indicated that the male.sterile phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene. Results of tissue section showed that at microspore stage, OsMS-L tapetum was retarded. Then tapetal calls expanded and microspores degenerated. No matured pollens were observed in OsMS-L anther locus. To map OsMS-L locus, an F2 population was constructed from the cross between the OsMS-L (japonica) and LongTeFu B(indica). Firstly, the OsMS-L locus was roughly mapped between two SSR markers, RM109 and RM7562 on chromosome 2. And then eleven polymorphic markers were developed for further fine fine-mapping. At last the OsMS-L locus was mapped between the two lnDel markers, Lhsl0 and Lhs6 with genetic distance of 0.4 cM, respectively. The region was delimited to 133 kb. All these results were useful for further cloning and functional analysis of OsMS-L.