复合颞叶癫痫手术治疗40例分析

目的：通过对40例致痫灶位于颞叶加其它脑叶的难治性癫痫病人进行手术治疗的经验总结，以提高对复合型颞叶癫痫的认识。方法：共选择了40例复合颞叶癫痫患者，其中致痫灶位于颞叶加额叶的27例，颞叶加顶叶的6例，颞叶加枕叶的3例，同时位于颞叶，额叶和顶叶的4例，手术方法采取全麻下开颅在皮层脑电图监测下行前颞叶切除，功能区软膜下横纤维切断和致痫灶皮层切除。结果：本组无死亡病例，轻瘫6例，不全失语5例，术后随访半年～3年，发作完全消失23例，基本消失10例，发作次数减少50%或变型小发作5例，无效2例。有效率达95%。结论：对复合颞叶癫痫，除作前颞叶切除，再加其它脑叶的致痫灶处理，更能有效地提高治愈率。     

颞叶癫痫病患者的脑皮层多特征分类

为了自动识别左、右侧颞叶癫痫病患者,提出了一种基于脑皮层结构特征的分类方法.采集了21例左侧TLE患者(LTLE)、18例右侧TLE患者(RTLE)与28例健康正常人(NC)的脑结构磁共振图像,提取与分析其脑皮层形态结构特征.为了降低特征维数,利用递归特征消除法获取对分类有效的主要特征.然后,采用支持向量机对3组人群进行分类.结果表明,大脑皮层表面积为最佳分类特征,灰质体积也具有突出的分类能力,皮层厚度识别不同侧TLE的能力稍差,平均曲率对右侧TLE与健康人群的区分能力相对较弱.对分类有重要影响的脑区主要分布于颞叶、额叶与顶叶,尤其是大脑左侧脑区.由此证明利用脑皮层特征可以有效地区分不同侧TLE患者和健康正常人,TLE患者的左脑更易受损.研究结果有助于理解TLE患者的病理机制与进展规律、确定病灶位置及实现自动诊断.     

船舶航向在线自学习智能控制方法

为更快更好地控制船舶在预定航线上航行,提出一种船舶航向在线自学习模糊神经网络智能控制方法.模糊子集处理船舶控制中的不确切信息,通过神经网络训练模糊推理系统中的参数,旨在把模糊推理和神经网络融合,使船舶航向智能控制器具有在线自学习功能.该方法能实时控制风流扰动下作为非线性时变系统的船舶而无须依赖船舶运动数学模型.模拟试验结果表明,即使在有环境扰动情况下,该方法也能很好地控制具有很大惯性船舶的航向.     

加工过程的在线自调整模糊控制

在分析描述模糊控制规则的常规解析形式基础上,提出了将误差及误差变化的绝对值在总量中的比值作为其自身加权系数的控制规则在线自调整新算法,设计了一种在线自调整模糊控制规则与输出比例因子自适应相结合的模糊控制器,以适应被控对象的变化。仿真结果表明该方法有效,对非最小相位系统具有很强的鲁棒性和自适应性．     

Spatial awareness is a function of the temporal not the posterior parietal lobe.

Our current understanding of spatial behaviour and parietal lobe function is largely based on the belief that spatial neglect in humans (a lack of awareness of space on the side of the body contralateral to a brain injury) is typically associated with lesions of the posterior parietal lobe. However, in monkeys, this disorder is observed after lesions of the superior temporal cortex, a puzzling discrepancy between the species. Here we show that, contrary to the widely accepted view, the superior temporal cortex is the neural substrate of spatial neglect in humans, as it is in monkeys. Unlike the monkey brain, spatial awareness in humans is a function largely confined to the right superior temporal cortex, a location topographically reminiscent of that for language on the left. Hence, the decisive phylogenetic transition from monkey to human brain seems to be a restriction of a formerly bilateral function to the right side, rather than a shift from the temporal to the parietal lobe. One may speculate that this lateralization of spatial awareness parallels the emergence of an elaborate representation for language on the left side.     

Robust habit learning in the absence of awareness and independent of the medial temporal lobe

Habit memory is thought to involve slowly acquired associations between stimuli and responses and to depend on the basal ganglia. Habit memory has been well studied in experimental animals but is poorly understood in humans because of their strong tendency to acquire information as conscious (declarative) knowledge. Here we show that humans have a robust capacity for gradual trial-and-error learning that operates outside awareness for what is learned and independently of the medial temporal lobe. We tested two patients with large medial temporal lobe lesions and no capacity for declarative memory. Both patients gradually acquired a standard eight-pair object discrimination task over many weeks but at the start of each session could not describe the task, the instructions or the objects. The acquired knowledge was rigidly organized, and performance collapsed when the task format was altered.     

具有条件时态特性的RBAC模型

提出了具有条件时态特性的角色访问控制(CT-RBAC)模型.以条件周期表达式为基础,通过条件来制约时态,从而将模型的时间控制维扩展为<条件,时间>的控制平面,将模型的时态控制平面〈时间,约束〉扩展为〈条件,时间,约束〉的三维控制空间,以达到提高模型控制灵活性和多样性的目的.对条件周期以及并发执行的条件集进行了形式化描述,对条件事态的约束进行具体论述,通过阻塞路径优化条件元素的并发执行网络,并对Path()运算复杂度及其优化做了定性探讨.     

气固流化床床高的测控研究

在对目前常用气固流化床床高测量方法分析研究的基础上 ,开发应用性能优越、抗干扰能力强的雷达测距仪来进行选煤流化床床高的测量 ,提出采用逆系统控制方法解决气固流化床床高的控制问题 .床高采用闭环控制系统 ,雷达仪所测量的信号通过其内部的 Echofox软件分析处理后 ,经与设定值比较 ,根据偏差大小 ,控制循环介质给料机的转速 ,从而达到控制床高的目的 .图 5 ,表 1,参 4     

安全管控数据联机分析模式研究

在分析现有煤矿监控系统及通风安全管理软件发展的基础上,针对各自的优缺点,引入安全数据联机分析的方法,提出一种新的软件开发模式,实现对井下数据由采集、处理过渡到能给出一个对矿山安全有实际指导意义的结果。最后指出了联机分析方法在煤矿生产中的扩展应用前景。     

基于条件时态的角色访问控制模型的继承性

在继承基于条件时态的角色访问控制(CT-RBAC) 的条件周期理论和约束关联的基础上,完善了该模型的角色关系约束,规范了相应的角色继承约束语义.同时,提出一种能够确保在继承条件下静态权责分割(SSD)策略安全实施的机制,避免了由SSD局限性所导致的冲突.最后,给出了一个实现原型,通过性能分析测试,说明在提高原型系统安全性的情况下,性能的稍微损失是可以接受的.     

Direct control of paralysed muscles by cortical neurons

A potential treatment for paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury is to route control signals from the brain around the injury by artificial connections. Such signals could then control electrical stimulation of muscles, thereby restoring volitional movement to paralysed limbs. In previously separate experiments, activity of motor cortex neurons related to actual or imagined movements has been used to control computer cursors and robotic arms, and paralysed muscles have been activated by functional electrical stimulation. Here we show that Macaca nemestrina monkeys can directly control stimulation of muscles using the activity of neurons in the motor cortex, thereby restoring goal-directed movements to a transiently paralysed arm. Moreover, neurons could control functional stimulation equally well regardless of any previous association to movement, a finding that considerably expands the source of control signals for brain-machine interfaces. Monkeys learned to use these artificial connections from cortical cells to muscles to generate bidirectional wrist torques, and controlled multiple neuron-muscle pairs simultaneously. Such direct transforms from cortical activity to muscle stimulation could be implemented by autonomous electronic circuitry, creating a relatively natural neuroprosthesis. These results are the first demonstration that direct artificial connections between cortical cells and muscles can compensate for interrupted physiological pathways and restore volitional control of movement to paralysed limbs.     

罗茨鼓风机扭叶转子的三维建模及数控加工

提出一种在四轴专用数控试验台上铣削加工罗茨鼓风机三叶扭叶转子的方法.针对扭叶转子的曲面特征,着重阐述了其三维建模、刀具轨迹生成、数控仿真与实际加工的技术方法.     

Global and fine information coded by single neurons in the temporal visual cortex.

When we see a person's face, we can easily recognize their species, individual identity and emotional state. How does the brain represent such complex information? A substantial number of neurons in the macaque temporal cortex respond to faces. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the processing of complex information are not yet clear. Here we recorded the activity of single neurons in the temporal cortex of macaque monkeys while presenting visual stimuli consisting of geometric shapes, and monkey and human faces with various expressions. Information theory was used to investigate how well the neuronal responses could categorize the stimuli. We found that single neurons conveyed two different scales of facial information in their firing patterns, starting at different latencies. Global information, categorizing stimuli as monkey faces, human faces or shapes, was conveyed in the earliest part of the responses. Fine information about identity or expression was conveyed later, beginning on average 51 ms after global information. We speculate that global information could be used as a 'header' to prepare destination areas for receiving more detailed information.     

在线小波分析与分析化学信号的在线处理

对小波分析的算法进行了改进 ,提出了适用于在线信号处理的在线小波分析算法 ,并为重叠分析化学信号的在线解析提供了计算最佳分解尺度的计算公式 .通过对重叠色谱信号和电化学信号的在线处理 ,在最佳分解尺度计算公式的帮助下 ,在线小波分析可以快速而方便地对分析仪器给出的分析化学信号进行在线解析 ,解析的结果能够保持原有的线性关系 ,可用于重叠信号中组分的定性、定量分析 .