HNCO与NH3,H2O和HF反应机理的理论化学研究

使用Gaussian 03软件，DFT密度泛函方法B3LYP和631 G(d，p)基组，研究和比较了异氰酸(HNCO)与NH3，H2O和HF分子的IRC反应路径，通过振动分析确认了过渡态的结构．计算结果表明3个反应都是放热反应，反应中1个σ键和1个π键断裂，2个新的σ键生成；过渡态最显著的特征是H原子的转移；过渡态是四元环结构，由于NH3，H2O和HF分子中N，O和F原子电负性的不同，四元环形状有比较明显的差异．     

蔡斯盐及相关Pt（Ⅱ）配合物中配位键的量子化学研究

在RHF／Lanl 2DZ水平从头算的基础上对蔡斯盐及相关pt(Ⅱ)配合物PtCl3(X2Y4)一(X=C，SiY=H，F)的成键特征进行了细致的分析．用能级位移算符逐步剔除分子片空轨道能级的方法代替分子片轨道冻结，使KSM能量分解的耦合项得以消除．能量分析结果表明，PtCl-3与C2H4成键是由σ供键，σ反馈键与π反馈键组成的，σ供键占主要地位，σ供键与π反馈键的强度比是2．14，σ反馈键的强度大约是π反馈键的一半．PtCl-3与C2F4成键是由σ供键与丌反馈键组成的，π反馈键占主要地位，σ供键与丌反馈键的强度比是O．80．PtClf与Si2n4成键是由σ供键与丌反馈键组成的，口供键与π反馈键的强度比是3．39，σ供键占绝对主要地位．     

CO_4(CO)_8(μ_2-CO)_2(μ_4-E)_2(E:-PLi,-Pph,-POC_3H_7,-PF,-S,-Te)系列分子电子结构与催化性能的关系

本文用DV—X_a方法计算了系列簇合物分子Co_4(CO)_6(μ_2-CO)_2(μ_4-E)_2(E:-PLi、-PPh、-POC_3H_7、-PF、-S、-Te)的电子结构.簇合物的分子轨道能级分布大体可分为五个占据轨道能级区.计算结果表明:四桥合磷原子所带基团(R)对整体分子电子结构依电负性的大小为规律性的影响.从分子轨道的特征原子轨道可见Co—Co特征成键分子轨道能级较相应Co—P键的能级为高,并二者存在一较显著的能级间隔.两特征键与其醛化催化性能即活性及寿命相关联.对于不同四桥合原子的系列分子中,分子内P……P距离显著为短的事实可归因于桥合磷原子有效多的s,d原子轨道参与了分子轨道.     

细胞色素模拟化合物氯化铁卟啉的密度泛函计算研究

用密度泛函B3LYP方法在STO-3G*和6-31G*水平对铁卟啉分子Fe(TPP)Cl和Fe(TPPF20)Cl进行了计算研究,对它们的量子化学参数进行了分析.两个铁卟啉分子的最高占有轨道结构相似,电子和自旋在卟啉环与Fe原子之间的转移是由于Fe-卟啉环间的π键和π键相互作用引起的.根据计算的相关数据和分子轨道特征分析了铁卟啉活性中心的性质并讨论了其催化活化分子O2的机理.     

直接键连C-X(X=H, C)的核自旋偶合常数的理论研究

利用建立的PM3级别上的最大重迭对称性分子轨道法和自然杂化轨道方法,计算了系列烃类化合物的杂化轨道和电荷分布,拟合出计算C-H及C-C偶合常数的简单关系式,研究了各种烃类分子中不同的C-Ｈ键和Ｃ-Ｃ键偶合常数,理论计算值和实验数据都较为吻合．进一步验证了直接键连1JCX(X=C, H)偶合常数主要取决于偶合作用中的Fermi接触相,为从简单价键理论角度解释和计算1JCH和1JCC提供了一种简便直观的方法．计算结果也表明提出的计算方法是可行的．     

N_3H_3分子取代基效应的的量子化学研究

计算了羟基(—OH)和甲基(—CH3)对环丙氮烷和丙氮烯的取代基效应.环丙氮烷引入羟基后,1,2-二羟基环丙氮烷和1,2,3-三羟基环丙氮烷的N—N单键显著增长,而羟基的引入使丙氮烯分子的NN双键的键长变短,N—N单键的键长变长.引入甲基后,环丙氮烷的键长增长,而丙氮烯的NN双键的键长增长,N—N单键的键长变短.取代基引入后,N原子的孤对电子与N—O(N—C)键之间发生相互作用,整个分子的超共轭作用增强.随着取代基数目的增多,总能量和生成热降低,取代基数目与分子能量之间具有较好的相关性.     

磷杂硅杂丙二烯及其相关分子稳定性的理论研究

简要综述了重主族多重键。尤其是重主族累积多烯化合物的合成及结构表征和理论研究方面的最新进展．使用Gaussian98量子化学计算程序包中的ab initio计算法(HF)、密度泛函数(B3LYP)和MP2法，在6-311G(d,p)和6-311 G(d，p)基组水平下，对磷杂硅杂丙二烯及其相关异构体进行了全优化几何构型的量子化学计算．计算结果表明：丙二烯型分子具有弯曲几何构型，在炔烃异构体中。含Si≡P和C≡C三键的异构体近乎为直线分子．含C≡Si三键的异构体是最不稳定的分子，且在硅原子上有强的棱锥化效应和明显的孤对电子特征．利用计算的分子总能量，原子净电荷分布和分子偶极矩对各标题的分子几何构型、物理和化学性质进行了分析和讨论，并由计算的相对稳定化能比较和确定了磷杂硅杂丙二烯及其相关异构体的相对稳定性．得到了含C≡P和Si≡P三键的异构体比相应的累积二烯异构体稳定的结论。     

Co_3（CO）_9（μ_3－PR）（R＝Li，H，OH，F）系列分子电子结构及规律探讨

用ＤＶ－Ｘα法计算了系列簇合物分子Ｃｏ３（ＣＯ）９（μ３－ＰＲ），Ｒ分别为Ｌｉ，Ｈ，ＯＨ和Ｆ．计算结果表明，簇合物分子轨道大体可分为四个占据轨道能级组．随着三桥合磷原子所带Ｒ基接受电子能力的增大，整体分子能级谱呈规律性降低．Ｃｏ－Ｃｏ特征键分子轨道的能级组较Ｃｏ－Ｐ键轨道能级组的能量高，且相对集中．当Ｒ拉电子的能力增加到如Ｆ原子时，两能级间隔为１．０４ｅＶ．作为催化剂，这种电子结构特征是较为有利的．另外，分子内三钴原子面上羰基的Ｃ－Ｏ键较面下三羰基键合要弱．     

喜树碱的电子结构与抗癌活性

采用PM3-MO方法，对20(s)-喜树碱进行了量子化学计算，给出了分子轨道及其能级、电荷密度、键长、二面角参数等．结果表明：喜树碱分子几乎完全呈平面结构且多环之间相互共轭，由此推测该多环共轭平面结构在与DNA—TopoⅠ复合物相作用时，α-羟基内酯环的内酯部位作为特殊的亲核位点与之作用，从而发挥抗癌活性．     

直接键连C-X(X=H, C)的核自旋偶合常数的理论研究

利用建立的PM3级别上的最大重迭对称性分子轨道法和自然杂化轨道方法，计算了系列烃类化合物的杂化轨道和电荷分布，拟合出计算C-H及C-C偶合常数的简单关系式，研究了各种烃类分子中不同的C-Ｈ键和Ｃ-Ｃ键偶合常数，理论计算值和实验数据都较为吻合. 进一步验证了直接键连1JCX(X=C, H)偶合常数主要取决于偶合作用中的Fermi接触相，为从简单价键理论角度解释和计算1JCH和1JCC提供了一种简便直观的方法. 计算结果也表明提出的计算方法是可行的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the