'Designer atoms' for quantum metrology

Entanglement is recognized as a key resource for quantum computation and quantum cryptography. For quantum metrology, the use of entangled states has been discussed and demonstrated as a means of improving the signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, entangled states have been used in experiments for efficient quantum state detection and for the measurement of scattering lengths. In quantum information processing, manipulation of individual quantum bits allows for the tailored design of specific states that are insensitive to the detrimental influences of an environment. Such 'decoherence-free subspaces' (ref. 10) protect quantum information and yield significantly enhanced coherence times. Here we use a decoherence-free subspace with specifically designed entangled states to demonstrate precision spectroscopy of a pair of trapped Ca+ ions; we obtain the electric quadrupole moment, which is of use for frequency standard applications. We find that entangled states are not only useful for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio in frequency measurements--a suitably designed pair of atoms also allows clock measurements in the presence of strong technical noise. Our technique makes explicit use of non-locality as an entanglement property and provides an approach for 'designed' quantum metrology.     

量子Heisenberg模型的变分累积展开研究

发展了变分累积分展开方法,并用于处理量子Ｈｅｉｓｅｎｂｅｒｇ模型,显示从自由能的解析性质出发,原则上能确定系统的临界温度到任意精确的级次;给出了产方格点上自旋１／２体系达到三次累积展开的临界温度,并与存在结果作了比较。     

(d+1)维Heisenberg超薄膜的解析研究

采用变分累积展开法研究了超立方格点上任意自旋的量子ｈｅｉｓｅｎｂｅｒｇ薄膜的临界点。从自由能的解析性质出发,原则上能计算作为多层膜层数ｌ函数的临界约化温度θ＾（ｎ）（ｌ）到任意累积展开级次ｎ。给出了θ＾（ｎ）（ｌ）的前三级解析表达式和数值结果,并对结果作了分析和讨论。     

Embracing the quantum limit in silicon computing

Quantum computers hold the promise of massive performance enhancements across a range of applications, from cryptography and databases to revolutionary scientific simulation tools. Such computers would make use of the same quantum mechanical phenomena that pose limitations on the continued shrinking of conventional information processing devices. Many of the key requirements for quantum computing differ markedly from those of conventional computers. However, silicon, which plays a central part in conventional information processing, has many properties that make it a superb platform around which to build a quantum computer.     

量子Heisenberg磁性薄膜热动力学性质的研究

以量子Heisenberg模型为基础研究了磁性薄膜的热动力学性质. 采用变分累积展开方法,以图解方式给出了简立方格点上自旋为1/2的量子Heisenberg磁性薄膜不同晶面的热动力学性质. 计算临界约化温度、内能和比热到三级累积展开,分析不同晶面的临界约化温度随原子层数的变化,并对结果进行比较;同时比较和讨论了薄膜原子层数对不同晶面的内能和比热变化的影响.     

量子统计系统极限判据的讨论

目的对量子统计系统的极限判据进行讨论。方法对不同量子极限进行比较分析。结果推导得到了量子统计系统的极限判据,并进行了讨论。结论对近独立粒子体系的统计分布,小Planck常数极限与高温、低密度极限具有相同的极限效应。     

Inferring the statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics from the classical limit

It is widely believed that the statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics cannot be inferred from the Schrodinger equation itself, and must be stated as an additional independent axiom. Here I propose that the situation is not so stark. For systems that have both continuous and discrete degrees of freedom (such as coordinates and spin respectively), the statistical interpretation for the discrete variables is implied by requiring that the system's gross motion can be classically described under circumstances specified by the Schrodinger equation. However, this is not a full-fledged derivation of the statistical interpretation because it does not apply to the continuous variables of classical mechanics.     

一维双极量子漂移-扩散方程稳态解的存在性和经典极限

研究了来自于半导体器件和等离子体中的一维双极量子漂移-扩散模型的稳态解.在有合适边界条件的有界区域里,先利用Schauder不动点定理和能量估计的技巧,证明一维双极量子漂移-扩散模型的稳态解的存在性和唯一性;其次,研究双极量子漂移-扩散模型的稳态解的经典极限,即当普朗克常数ε趋于零时,量子漂移-扩散模型的稳态解趋向于经典漂移-扩散模型的稳态解.     

Heisenberg群上的Schroedinger算子

证明了（-△H^n＋V）iγ是Heisenberg群上的Calderon-Zygmund算子。     

基于越限风险评估的分布式光伏电源接入配电网适应性研究

为合理评价现状配电网对规划分布式光伏电源的适应性,针对分布式光伏电源接入配电网引起的电压和潮流越限问题,讨论了典型接入配电网拓扑和接线模式,并在MATLAB/Simulink环境下建立了含分布式光伏电源模型的IEEE34标准节点配电网络系统.考虑到分布式光伏电源的随机出力扰动和负荷波动给配电网运行带来的风险,建立节点电压越限和支路潮流越限风险评估指标模型,分析了相同节点对不同容量电源的接纳能力,重点讨论了分布式光伏电源接入配电网准入容量.以配电网典型实际参数为例进行仿真实验,仿真结果验证了应用风险评估指标模型评估分布式电源接入配电网适应性的合理性.     

有界域上一维双极量子力学模型解的经典极限

考虑一维双极等熵量子力学模型.首先,对方程进行一些变形,利用Poincarés不等式及函数收敛和弱收敛的一些性质,得到了稳态解的经典极限,即当普朗克常量ε趋于0时,量子力学模型方程的稳态解趋于经典力学模型方程的稳态解.然后,利用非稳态解已有的一些结论和Sobolev不等式,Schwartz不等式,Gronwall不等式及一些能量估计,得到了非稳态解的经典极限,即量子力学模型方程的光滑解趋于经典力学模型方程的光滑解.     

海森堡薄膜的临界温度

在相关有效场理论框架内，应用类伊辛模型分析方法，研究了海森堡薄膜的临界行为     

两量子比特海森伯模型的热纠缠

研究两粒子的XYZ海森伯模型的热纠缠态,并讨论了这个系统哈密顿量中的参数和温度对纠缠度的影响.结果表明:对于一定的温度,耦合常数的增加能够增加纠缠度,但是纠缠度却随着温度的增加而减小,直到临界温度时纠缠度为零.     

海森堡群Hn的Fourier变换

基于欧几里德空间的性质，得到了L^2（R^n）上的Foreries变换以及Plancherel定理，在定义H^n酉表示的基础上得到了海森堡群H^n Fourier变换．     

三角海森堡反铁磁体中的磁激发

利用标准的自旋波理论，研究了二维三角海森堡反铁磁体的色散关系．分别采用了三子格模型和单子格模型来描述同一平面上几何阻挫的三角反铁磁结构，并对两者的结果进行了比较和分析．研究表明无论是基于三子格模型还是基于单子格模型，磁激发展示了一致的机制，色散关系也完全相同．单子格模型的研究为以后计算三维六角密排晶格的磁激发提供了简便的方法．     

Heisenberg李代数的形心

Heisenberg李代数是一类重要的可解李代数, 有深刻的物理背景, 因而也是李代数研究的重要对象之一. 李代数的形心是研究李代数结构的必要工具. 特别地,形心具有自然的环结构,其所有可逆形心构成一个群. 本文讨论了有限维和无限维Heisenberg李代数的形心及其结构.