开口模型下内腐蚀缺陷管柱剩余抗内压强度

目前较少按开口模型研究缺陷管柱剩余抗内压强度,各因素对抗压强度的影响程度缺乏定量分析,较少考虑缺陷宽度、管柱径厚比等因素对强度的影响.根据非线性有限元方法,结合正交试验设计,按开口模型分析了内压载荷下缺陷管柱应力分布情况,研究了内腐蚀缺陷长度、宽度、深度、管柱外径、径厚比等参数对管柱剩余抗内压强度的影响规律.结果 表明:开口模型下含缺陷管柱抗内压强度低于端部约束模型与闭口模型.缺陷管柱无因次抗内压强度随缺陷深度增加呈线性关系降低,随缺陷长度的增加呈指数关系逐渐降低,抗内压强度随缺陷宽度增加先增大后降低;轴向沟槽形缺陷显著降低管柱的抗内压强度.缺陷深度与长度对无因次抗内压强度影响较大;管柱径厚与缺陷对无因次强度影响较小.以有限元计算结果为依据,建立了抗内压强度多因素预测模型,可为工程上含缺陷管柱抗内压强度评价提供参考.     

宝钢抗挤毁套管产品的技术特征

基于套管挤毁的传统理论,从合金设计、织构设计、强韧化机制和管柱设计等方面介绍了宝钢超高抗挤、抗挤抗硫和抗挤耐热等抗挤系列套管的技术特点.以晶粒细化、析出相强化和织构优化等角度研究了套管的抗挤毁机制,提出了抗挤抗硫套管在硫化氢腐蚀介质中的三个阶段的腐蚀行为以及抗挤耐热套管的抗挤强度的预测模型.     

套管抗挤强度统计分析研究

针对美国石油协会的套管抗挤强度计算公式与实测套管挤毁压力差距较大的问题,利用统计学方法,详细分析了套管实物挤毁试验检测数据,得到了各因素影响套管抗挤强度的定量指标.研究表明,套管抗挤强度主要由径厚比决定;套管计算屈服外压和失稳外压等其他参数及其交互作用对套管的抗挤强度也有显著影响;套管外径和壁厚数据的变异系数比外径不圆度和壁厚不均度对套管抗挤强度的影响更显著.最后给出了套管抗挤强度统计计算公式,为生产厂和用户提供了预测套管抗挤强度的简单实用的计算方法.     

油气井套管侧向屈曲分析与井下加强工具探讨

针对油气井套管挤毁的研究多局限于强度分析,忽视了套管侧向稳定性问题。除小直径或特厚壁的套管外,常用套管的失效形式应属于失稳损坏。基于外压作用下套管侧向屈曲机制,分别采用API标准和圆筒屈曲分析的方法,计算套管侧向屈曲的临界压力。另外,对减小套管计算长度的井下加强工具进行探讨和设计。结果表明:套管纵向长度对侧向屈曲的临界压力具有重要影响;若把套管的计算长度减小到某一范围,可有效地提高套管的抗失稳能力。结果为提高套管抗失稳能力提供了一种新途径,可作为完井后高挤毁风险套管的加强补救措施。     

深井套管抗挤强度分析及计算

根据弯曲梁理论,建立了套管柱受非均布外挤压力作用的力学模型;并应用解超静定问题的正则方程和力法准则对该力学模型进行求解,得到了在非均布外挤压力作用下套管圆周上的弯矩、剪力、轴力、应力和位移的分布规律。计算表明,在非均布外挤压力作用下,套管抗挤毁强度大大降低。该力学模型不仅可以解释深井套管挤毁机理,而且可以改进深井套管抗挤强度设计。     

腐蚀缺陷对高压管道剩余强度和剩余寿命的影响

以周向、轴向椭圆缺陷和孔形缺陷为研究对象,借助ANSYS有限元分析软件,考查缺陷长轴长度、短轴长度和缺陷深度等参数对高压煤气管道剩余强度和剩余寿命的影响规律.结果表明,煤气管道等效应力云图可以分为两个区域.远离缺陷区域和缺陷附近区域.对于轴向椭圆形腐蚀缺陷,随着长轴长度、缺陷深度的增加,最大等效应力呈增加的趋势,长轴长度出现临界值;随着短轴长度的增加,最大等效应力呈减小的趋势,并出现临界值;对于周向椭圆形腐蚀缺陷,随着长轴长度的增加,最大等效应力呈减小的趋势,并出现临界值;随着短轴长度、缺陷深度的增加,最大等效应力呈现增加的趋势,成正比例关系;对于圆柱孔形腐蚀缺陷,随着缺陷半径、缺陷深度的增加,最大等效应力呈现增加的趋势,呈线性相关关系;管道剩余寿命与腐蚀厚度呈线性相关关系,已知腐蚀厚度,便可推算出剩余寿命.所得结论对煤气管道的正常运行有一定的参考意义.     

套管抗挤强度分析及计算

为提高套管挤毁压力预测精度,应用统计方法对213根套管全尺寸挤毁试验数据进行了方差分析,研究了外径不圆度、壁厚不均度、残余应力等因素对套管抗挤强度的影响。分析结果表明,径厚比、屈服强度是套管抗挤强度的主要因素,不圆度、壁厚不均度、残余应力等因素对套管抗挤强度的影响呈随机性分布。利用有限元方法对外径不圆度、壁厚不均度和残余应力的不同位置组合进行了模拟分析。结果表明,数值相同的外径不圆度、壁厚不均度及平均残余应力组合不同时,套管的挤毁压力相差很大。最后提出了一个套管抗挤强度计算公式,计算简单,精度可满足工程要求。     

对称载荷作用下的套管抗挤能力分析

根据油田套管损坏情况,建立了轴对称载荷作用下的套管内力计算模型,利用能量法和曲杆理论,分析研究了3种对称载荷作用下的中厚壁套管抗挤能力,给出了理想套管抗挤强度和套管屈曲临界挤毁压力的计算公式。理论分析结果与有限元计算结果的对比证明了临界挤毁压力的计算公式可靠,载荷的集中程度与抗挤毁能力成正比。     

内壁椭圆度对高钢级套管挤毁变形的影响试验

用ISO/TR10400:2007(E)标准计算套管抗挤强度的KT公式中未考虑套管内壁初始椭圆度及其跳跃性的影响,且提供的套管抗挤毁强度数据主要为M65、T95、H40和非调质N80钢材的,更高钢级和含铬材料的试验数据几乎为零,使得高钢级套管抗挤强度与试验值出现了偏差。通过室内全尺寸试验研究高钢级套管壁厚不均度和内、外椭圆度等参数对套管抗挤强度的影响,并利用试验数据对KT公式进行修正,对比修正前后计算结果与试验值间的误差。研究结果表明:修正后的KT公式具有较高的计算精度,可以满足工程需要;内、外椭圆度对高钢级套管抗挤强度影响具有耦合作用,在制造过程中要严格控制椭圆度及其跳跃性,建议制订相应的套管内壁椭圆度控制规范。     

复杂井况下油井套管柱的系统可靠性计算

考虑到套管几何尺寸和力学性能参数的随机性,采用Monte-Carlo方法模拟得到套管强度的随机分布规律.建立套管柱8种不同失效形式的极限状态方程,给出套管强度和载荷均为正态分布时的可靠度计算公式.依据套管柱沿井深方向上的结构、强度及载倚差异将其离散为多个基本单元,利用可靠度计算公式对套管柱基本单元与整体的可靠度进行定量计算,分析不同井深下套管柱的可靠性影响冈素和主要失效形式的发生概率.结果表明,影响套管可靠度的主要因素是套管抗挤强度和外挤载荷,套管失效形式以挤毁为主.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with