超音段信息对文本无关话者识别的影响

超音段信息主要由声调、语调和轻重缓急等信息组成,反映到特征参数就是基频及其时序信息、能量时序信息和音节长度等,这些信息是话者识别系统中的重要特征参数.在分析已有的提取这些特征参数的方法的基础上,提出了先进行语音切分,再提取声调、能量和音节长度等特征,并生成基于Bigram模型的超音段信息参数模型的方法.将此特征参数形成的模型作为使用MFCC为参数的话者识别主系统的辅助决策模型,实验结果表明：融合超音段信息模型的文本无关话者识别系统的EER相对下降10.5%.     

藏语孤立词语音识别技术研究

针对藏语读音首先看后加字,然后根据元音的位置关系决定读音,而且元音比辅音携带更多听觉感知信息的特点,提出了一种改进的HTK系统藏语孤立词语音识别技术.在识别特征参数中,增加更能表征元音特征的共振峰参数提高语音识别的正确性,通过循环迭代方法提高语音训练速度,利用藏文字母拉丁转写方法解决藏文和语音识别系统编码不一致的问题.在二次开发的HTK平台进行实验,正确率达到92.83%,实验结果表明元音特征在藏语音识别中起到重要作用.     

藏语孤立词语音识别系统研究

藏语语音研究相当滞后,文章结合语音识别知识和藏语特点,尝试性地研究了藏语孤立词语音识别研究.首先提取MFCC参数作为语音特征参数,形成语音模板库,采用DTW模型实现了语音识别系统,并且针对藏语孤立词多音节的特点,改进了传统的基于短时能量和短时过零率双门限检测法,即加入了音节间静音段时长门限,提高了孤立词语音信号检测的准确性和识别率.     

基于HMM的孤立字识别

本文以HMM(隐马尔可夫模型)为基础研究孤立字的汉语语音识别。孤立字的汉语语音样本首先经过人工切分去除寂静段,然后进行分帧处理;对每一帧语音进行频域预加重和时域汉明窗加权处理后,提取该帧的39维的MFCC混合参数(Mel频率倒谱参数);把该字所有帧的MFCC混合参数作为该字HMM模型的观察序列对其进行训练。通过在小人群范围内对0-9这十个孤立数码语音的大量实验,得到了很好的识别效果。     

基于MFCC等组合特征的说话人识别模型

为了有效提取语音特征,提高说话人识别的准确率,系统采用基于有限状态机的端点检测算法对原始语音做VAD处理,提出了新的特征组合参数：基于人的听觉特性的MFCC参数、基于发音生理特征的基音轮廓特征以及衍生的基音周期一阶差分、基音周期变化率,并将它们作为说话人识别系统的特征参数,建立了基于VQ的识别模型.实验表明：本文系统使用VAD,使系统的识别率提高了5%8%,较单独使用MFCC参数的说话人识别系统的识别率提高了2%3%.     

基于估计共振峰走向的汉语韵母识别方案

本文提出了一个基于估计共振峰走向的汉语韵母识别方案。实验中利用倒频谱的性质对语音的短时谱进行同态平滑处理,分析了复合韵母共振峰走向现象与语音学理论的一致性。根据频谱分析的结果建立了一个以共振峰走向为识别模型的韵母识别系统。对10位发音人的860个韵母(单韵母、双元音和三元音韵母)发音进行识别测验,平均识别率达到88.1%。本文为复韵母的不认人识别提供了一种合理的方法。     

汉语语音声学特征复合的研究

抽取短时声学特征参数如MFCC、PLP,使用高斯混合模型(GMM)估计特征参数对应音素的概率分布的隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)在大词汇连续语音识别系统(LVCSR)已取得了良好识别效果.但短时特征却不能有效反应连续帧之间的相关特性,因此运用神经网络多层感知器(MLP)产生两类差异特征用于描述该帧的音素后验概率,并将其与传统特征复合为新的特征参数流,利用新特征流对GMHMM模型进行重构.对比实验结果表明,采用该混合声学特征的LVCSR系统其错字率(CER)有了3%～7%的改善.     

基于正弦模型的语音识别时频特征

为改善语音识别系统的性能,采用时频分布参数来描述语音特征。由于时频分布参数考虑到语音信号内在的非平稳特性,因此能够更准确地描述语音信号的时频特性。对基于正弦模型的多种时频参数(能量谱和幅度加权瞬时频谱)进行了比较,并在基于隐马尔可夫模型的连接词语音识别系统中进行了实验仿真。结果表明,单独采用时频分布参数作为ASR的前端特征并不能改善识别率;而采用标准ASR特征和能量谱时频特征的联合前端特征,可以有效地改善语音识别系统的识别效果。     

基于隐马尔可夫模型的DNA序列识别

利用隐马尔可夫模型训练中不同结构的DNA序列的L值分布范围不同的特点,对传统多类投票模型进行改进,提出一种优于传统算法的快速训练算法,该算法只需训练出一类隐马尔可夫模型参数.对DNA内含子和外显子序列进行识别,平均识别率达到了90.8%.与支持向量机相比,隐马尔可夫模型在解决多分类问题方面具有优势,不但计算时间少,而且识别率高.     

高性能汉语数码语音识别芯片系统

在嵌入平台上实现高性能的汉语数码语音识别(MDSR),对于电话通讯、工业控制等都具有极高的实用价值。该文描述了一个在16bit定点DSP芯片上实现的高性能汉语数码语音识别系统。识别模型采用连续隐Markov模型(CHMM),识别特征采用Mel频标倒谱系数(MFCC)。在模型的训练中引入MCE区分性训练进一步提高了系统的识别性能。识别过程采用单级识别框架,降低了芯片上系统部分的复杂性,同时保证了很高的识别性能与稳健性。实验证明该系统对11汉语数码发音可以达到98.3%的识别正确率,在58.5MIPS的16bit定点DSP上进行一次识别只需要35ms。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that