羊耳菊水提物对CCl4、D-GaLN致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

为研究羊耳菊水提物对CCl_4、D-GalN致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。通过腹腔注射0. 08%CCl_4花生油溶液建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定小鼠血清中天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)含量,肝匀浆中总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力,以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1(IL-1)的含量; HE染色肝切片,显微镜观察肝组织病理改变;腹腔注射D-GalN(500 mg/kg)花生油溶液建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定小鼠血清中AST、ALT含量。结果表明:羊耳菊水提液可降低CCl_4所致小鼠急性肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、AST含量(P 0. 01),升高肝匀浆中SOD、GSH-Px活力(P 0. 01或P 0. 05)及降低TNF-α、IL-1的含量(P 0. 05);病理切片显示,羊耳菊三个剂量组动物肝细胞坏死、变性,细胞浆聚集及炎症细胞的浸润程度均较模型组减轻。羊耳菊水提液也可降低D-GalN所致小鼠急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST含量(P 0. 01或P 0. 05)。可见羊耳菊水提物对CCl_4、D-GalN所诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

保肝Ⅰ号抗CCl4联合高脂饲料所致大鼠肝纤维化研究

研究保肝Ⅰ号（BGYH）对四氯化碳（CCl₄）和高脂饮食联合诱导的大鼠肝纤维化的治疗作用. 40% CCl₄-大豆油灌胃联合高脂饲料建立肝纤维化模型. 建模结束后模型组重新分组后用BGYH高、中、低剂量灌胃连续治疗17 d,进行肝脏病理和血清学检测. 检测结果表明BGYH能够减轻肝纤维化大鼠的脂肪变性和组织增生,降低肝纤维化模型大鼠血清中谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）含量,增加血清白蛋白（ALB）,降低血清中透明质酸（HA）,肝脏中羟脯氨酸（Hyp）和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白（Col Ⅰ）的. BGYH能够降低肝纤维化大鼠肝脏中的转氨酶水平,保护肝功能,减轻肝脏脂肪变性和纤维组织增生,具有显著抗肝纤维化的作用.      

桑葚总多糖对对乙酰氨基酚诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究桑葚总多糖(MFP)对APAP引起的HepG2肝细胞毒性的缓解效应,探讨MFP对APAP诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及可能机制.方法:采用MTT法检测MFP对细胞活力的影响,将32只小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、MFP低、高剂量组(50, 150 mg·kg~(-1)),腹腔注射300 mg·kg~(-1) APAP建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力,肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平;用ELISA测定肝组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平;HE染色法观察肝脏组织的病理学变化;用Western blot检测小鼠肝组织中核因子-κB(NF-κB)p65、血红素加氧酶(HO-1)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)的表达水平.结果:MFP可剂量依赖性地缓解APAP诱导的HepG2细胞死亡(P<0.01).与模型组相比,MFP能显著地降低肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT, AST, LDH水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),下调肝组织中MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6的含量(P<0.05或P<0.01),改善APAP诱导的小鼠肝组织病变.此外,MFP还能明显上调模型小鼠肝组织中GSH, T-SOD, T-AOC水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),明显下调NF-κB p65蛋白的表达水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),上调HO-1和G6PD蛋白的表达水平(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论:MFP能保护APAP诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤,这与增强肝脏抗氧化能力,抑制肝脏炎症反应有关.     

一种新的粒毛盘菌多糖对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

为了研究一种新的粒毛盘菌YM38多糖(LEP-1a)对顺铂诱导急性肝损伤的保护作用，文章将ICR小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性组、LEP-1a低剂量组(100 mg/kg)、LEP-1a高剂量组(200 mg/kg)共5组，每组6只。给予顺铂(45 mg/kg)建立急性肝损伤模型，测定小鼠各项生理指标。结果表明：与模型组相比，LEP-1a能够显著降低小鼠肝指数以及肝组织中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的水平，增强超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性；抑制血清中炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的表达水平，减轻肝组织中炎性细胞浸润。因此，LEP-1a通过抑制氧化应激和炎症反应从而对顺铂诱导的急性肝损伤起到保护作用。     

藏药波棱瓜子总木脂素对刀豆球蛋白(ConA)致免疫性肝损伤小鼠保护作用及其机制探讨

目的:波棱瓜子是常见的用于治疗肝病的藏药,疗效确切.前期研究表明,总木脂素是波棱瓜子抗肝损伤的有效部位,但疗效尚不明确.本研究拟考察藏药波棱瓜子总木脂素对ConA致小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用,并进一步探讨其对抗肝损伤的作用机制.方法:采用尾静脉注射一次性ConA(20mg/kg)诱发小鼠免疫性肝损伤,造模8h后取血样和肝脏,考察不同剂量的波棱瓜子总木脂素对各组小鼠脏器系数、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨过氧化物酶(MPO)、一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)及肝组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)等生化指标活力或水平的影响;以HE染色对肝组织进行组织病理学检查;免疫组织化学法检测波棱瓜子总木脂素对各组小鼠肝脏中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)表达的影响.结果:波棱瓜子总木脂素可以降低ConA所致免疫性肝损伤小鼠肝脏系数及血清ALT、AST、ALP活力,显示出较好的保肝作用.同时波棱瓜子总木脂素也可降低肝损伤小鼠血清NO水平和MPO、NOS活力,并减少肝组织匀浆中MDA的含量,增强SOD和GSH-Px活性,表现出良好的抗氧化作用;免疫组化结果显示,波棱瓜子总木脂素还能抑制诸如TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4、NF-κB等促炎症因子的表达,促进抗炎症因子IL-10的表达,从而抑制肝脏炎症反应而发挥其保肝作用.病理观察结果也表明,波棱瓜子总木脂素能减轻ConA对肝组织的损伤.结论:波棱瓜子总木脂素对ConA致小鼠免疫性肝损伤都具有一定的保护作用,其保肝作用可能与其抗炎、抗氧化能力有关.     

小鼠腹腔注射卡介苗加脂多糖建立急性免疫性肝损伤的实验研究

目的比较卡介苗(BCG)加脂多糖(LPS)小鼠腹腔注射和尾静脉注射建立急性免疫性肝损伤模型的优劣。方法用不同剂量BCG和LPS腹腔注射诱导昆明小鼠建立急性免疫性肝损伤模型,与BCG 0.5 mg/只和LPS 7.5μg/只联合尾静脉注射诱导昆明小鼠建立急性免疫性肝损伤模型比较;以小鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平变化及肝脏病理学检查指标作为肝损伤判断标准。结果BCG+LPS小鼠腹腔注射所造急性免疫性肝损伤模型,ALT和AST随注射剂量增加均逐步增高;第6组(BCG 0.5 mg/只+LPS7.5μg/只)和第13组(BCG1 mg/只+LPS15μg/只)相对较高。与空白组比较,ALT升高约3倍,AST升高1~3倍;肝组织病理损伤则随着BCG和LPS剂量增加逐渐升高。第5组大部分小鼠出现Ⅰ级或Ⅰ级以上肝细胞损害;第13组大部分小鼠出现Ⅱ级或Ⅱ级以上肝细胞损害。但与尾静脉注射造模相比,小鼠腹腔注射造模肝细胞损伤的特异性实验室指标ALT和AST表达不高,肝组织病理损伤较轻。结论"BCG+LPS"小鼠尾静脉注射建立急性免疫性肝损伤模型优于腹腔注射建立免疫性肝损伤模型。     

RDP-p53融合蛋白对小鼠炎症细胞因子的影响

研究不同剂量RDP-p53融合蛋白对小鼠炎症细胞因子的影响。通过大肠杆菌Rosetta表达蛋白并纯化,SDS-PAGE确定RDP-p53融合蛋白准确性。同时,将昆明小鼠分为空白对照组和RDP-p53融合蛋白高、中、低剂量组,经腹腔注射给药,摘眼球取血,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的含量。RDP-p53融合蛋白在上清和沉淀中均获得表达。ELISA测定结果表明,与对照组比较,低、中剂量组小鼠血清炎症因子水平没有明显变化(P0.05),高剂量组的IL-1β和TNF-α含量显著升高(P0.05)。成功制备RDP-P53融合蛋白,并为进一步研究RDP-p53融合蛋白抗神经胶质瘤药理作用时给药剂量的确定提供了实验依据。     

夏枯草对四氯化碳肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

将60只小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组和三个给药组.给药组按0.5、1、2g/kg的剂量灌胃,空白组和模型组以等体积的生理盐水灌胃,每天一次.给予药物第15 d将各组动物隔夜禁食16 h(自由饮水)后,模型组和给药组按10mL/kg剂量腹腔注射1％四氯化碳(用植物油稀释),空白对照组注射等量的植物油.造模24 h后,摘取眼球取血,按试剂盒的方法分别检测各组小鼠血清中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性,及肝组织匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)的水平,并进行肝组织病理学镜检.结果表明:夏枯草水提物显著降低因四氯化碳所致的急性肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、AST的活性,降低小鼠肝匀浆MDA的水平,升高T-SOD活性,肝组织病理学镜检接近于空白组.夏枯草水提物对四氯化碳诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用.     

2,4-二硝基氯苯诱导BALB/c小鼠特应性皮炎模型的建立

目的 利用2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)诱导BALB/c小鼠建立特应性皮炎(AD)模型,探讨最适条件。方法 给予BALB/c小鼠背部皮肤不同药物浓度以及不同的造模时间致敏及激发,在末次给药后,评估小鼠背部皮肤状态。取背部皮肤组织做组织病理学检测,分离血清检测免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平,制备皮肤匀浆液检测细胞因子白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-5(IL-5)及白细胞介素-13(IL-13)分泌水平。结果 4组造模模型组动物中,D组小鼠0.5%DNCB致敏3次,1%DNCB激发6次,其皮肤皮炎评分最高,病理结果显示皮肤结构不完整,棘层明显增厚,细胞内水肿明显,大量炎性细胞浸润,血清IgE水平升高,皮肤组织细胞因子明显升高,相比于其他模型组其各种检测指标更接近特应性皮炎皮肤改变。结论 早期低剂量致敏,后期高剂量激发可成功建立小鼠AD模型,这为进行AD的相关科学研究提供了一定的实验依据。     

沙棘叶黄酮对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

当今用于治疗肝脏疾病的药物,长期服药会给患者带来负作用,因此寻找新型、安全的天然植物源保肝活性物质具有重要意义.探讨沙棘叶黄酮对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用,为探索保肝药物提供实验基础.通过小鼠灌胃给药,用四氯化碳(CCl4)制备急性肝损伤模型,用比色法检测血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性和肝脏过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,计算肝指数和进行病理学显微切片观察.实验结果得出:沙棘叶黄酮中剂量组(100 mg/kg)可明显降低损伤小鼠血清AKP、GPT、GOT含量和肝脏MDA含量,提高肝脏POD、SOD活性.说明一定剂量的沙棘叶黄酮对小鼠急性肝损伤有保护作用,其机理可能与黄酮的抗脂质过氧化作用有关.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with