Choice and ideology with interpretive systems theory

This Research Note shows that choice cannot be avoided by interpretive systems thinking and action. Interpretive systems thinkers must recognize the politicoideological element of choice in all aspects of their work-on fundamental philosophy, social theory, and methodology. Interpretive Systemology is the most advanced interpretive systems theory available. It is analyzed in these terms.     

Truth and openness: an epistemology for interpretive systemology

Both an ontoepistemology for reductionist modern science (counter-ontoepistemology) and an ontology for interpretive Systemology have been outlined in the two preceding papers in this special issue ofSystems Practice. In the present article, the notion of “truth” is interpreted in terms of both the ontoepistemology of “reductionism” and the ontology of interpretive systemology. Both interpretations are discussed. Such a discussion represents the objective of this paper, that is, to outline the epistemological “face” of the ontoepistemology of interpretive systemology. In order to design that “epistemological face,” the relation between ontology and epistemology must be clarified. Such a relation is seen from the standpoint already provided by the ontology. After the discussion on the notion of truth, the general shape of a systemic-interpretive inquiring process is outlined.     

Complexity of system maintainability analysis based on the interpretive structural modeling methodology: Transdisciplinary approach

This paper outlines a diagnostic approach to quantify the maintainability of a Commercial off-the-Shelf (COTS)-based system by analyzing the complexity of the deployment of the system components. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is used to demonstrate how ISM supports in identifying and understanding interdependencies among COTS components and how they affect the complexity of the maintenance of the COTS Based System (CBS). Through ISM analysis we have determined which components in the CBS contribute most significantly to the complexity of the system. With the ISM, architects, system integrators, and system maintainers can isolate the COTS products that cause the most complexity, and therefore cause the most effort to maintain, and take precautions to only change those products when necessary or during major maintenance efforts. The analysis also clearly shows the components that can be easily replaced or upgraded with very little impact on the rest of the system.     

Hierarchy and classification of program plan elements using interpretive structural modeling: A case study of energy conservation in the Indian cement industry

A program can be analyzed and studied by dividing it into elements and subelements. Graphical presentation of the driver power and dependence of the subelements of the identified elements assists in their classification in categories representing the nature of the role each subelement plays as a variable in the program. This paper presents methodology for the hierarchy building of subelements, graphical presentation of their driver power and dependence, and classification in categories such as autonomous, dependent, linkages, and independent variables. The paper further presents a case study of energy conservation in the Indian cement industry to determine the hierarchy of program plan elements and to classify them in categories. Key variables of the program are also highlighted.     

A typology of power supporting intervention

A typology of power is presented. The typology guides researchers/practitioners to the main concerns currently debated about power and its abuses. Possible ways of managing organisational issues explicitly dealing with power and abuses are explored. The typology forms threearenas of discourse to make this possible: structuralism, intersubjective decision making, and might-right management. Structuralism deals with issues surrounding organisational design and process design. Intersubjective decision making deals with issues surrounding processes of debate. Might-right management deals with issues surrounding disempowering social practices that impact on designing and debating. The arenas of discourse suggest ways, that differ, of understanding and managing a range of issues related to the operation of power. This is part of a wider project called Diversity Management, which in turn is part of Critical Systems Thinking.     

偏离购买力平价的非线性均值复归

由于存在交易成本，偏离购买力平价可能呈非线性的均值回复特性，结果表明偏离购买力平价呈非线性的均值回复，指数平滑转换自回归（ESTAR）模型描述了这种非线性特性。     

On reliability optimization for power generation systems

1 . MEASURES OFPOWERSYSTEMS’SRELIABILITYIn generation planning,the question naturally arisesas to how much generating capacity is required toserve theload demand.Three typical methods usedtodetermine capacity are given as follows .1 .1 Percent Reserve EvaluationThisis the earliest method that can most easily com-pute the generating capacity exceeding annual peakload to determine the percent generation reserve mar-gin, by comparing the total installed generating ca-pacity at peak…     

我国农产品市场竞争力的分析

利用净出口指数法对1995-1999年期间 国主要农产品的比较优势进行了估算,并根据比较优势的大小将农产品分为高比较优势、较高比较优势、低比较优势、低比较劣势、较高比较劣势、高比较劣势等6类,进而对我国农产品市场竞争力情况进行了分析。     

Data driven modeling for power transformer lifespan evaluation

Large sized power transformers are important parts of the power supply chain. These very critical networks of engineering assets are an essential base of a nation＇s energy resource infrastructure. This research identifies the key factors influencing transformer normal operating conditions and predicts the asset management lifespan. Engineering asset research has developed few lifespan forecasting methods combining real-time monitoring solutions for transformer maintenance and replacement. Utilizing the rich data source from a remote terminal unit （RTU） system for sensor-data driven analysis, this research develops an innovative real-time lifespan forecasting approach applying logistic regression based on the Weibull distribution. The methodology and the implementation prototype are verified using a data series from 161 kV transformers to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy for energy sector applications. The asset stakeholders and suppliers significantly benefit from the real-time power transformer lifespan evaluation for maintenance and replacement decision support.     

Cooperation,power, and the impact of information systems

Imagination suggests that the computer as a communication tool is potentially a significant factor in enhancing cooperative work, especially where the participants are located over a physical or temporal distance. Implementation of innovative information technology offers enhancement of operational efficiency to an enterprise in a turbulent business environment. Communications and decision making are inseparable. Industrial democracy (ID) is a particular arrangement of decisionmaking power where decision makers have to be informed and decisions have to be communicated. Cooperation implies a redistribution of power and the weakening of the traditional management organizational heirarchy. Cogently, this effect is mirrored by the potential of management information systems to redistribute information and, hence, power within an enterprise. The response of traditional management personnel to the threat of information technology (IT) to established positions of authority, is one of defense. Conventional systems analysis is unsuited for the design task of ID information systems. The methods employed by systems analysis preserve or reproduce the formal hierarchical structure of managerial organization. Soft systems methodology is explored as a means of confronting the sociopolitical factors present in the specification of information systems for an ID.     

OFDM系统中的快速发射功率分配算法

针对在限定传输速率和误码率的情况下最小化OFDM系统发射功率问题,提出了一种基于灌水原理的次最优快速算法。算法利用灌水水平和系统传输速率之间的关系求出高效的灌水水平粗搜索方法,然后用二分法求解出所需的灌水水平。当信道发生变化时,该算法可以快速地确定出新灌水水平所处的区间,从而实现对时变信道进行快速跟踪。仿真结果表明该算法收敛速度较快,适合应用于信道随时间变化的OFDM通信系统中。     

Bayesian estimation of a power law process with incomplete data

Due to the simplicity and flexibility of the power law process,it is widely used to model the failures of repairable systems.Although statistical inference on the parameters of the power law process has been well developed,numerous studies largely depend on complete failure data.A few methods on incomplete data are reported to process such data,but they are limited to their specific cases,especially to that where missing data occur at the early stage of the failures.No framework to handle generic scenarios is available.To overcome this problem,from the point of view of order statistics,the statistical inference of the power law process with incomplete data is established in this paper.The theoretical derivation is carried out and the case studies demonstrate and verify the proposed method.Order statistics offer an alternative to the statistical inference of the power law process with incomplete data as they can reformulate current studies on the left censored failure data and interval censored data in a unified framework.The results show that the proposed method has more flexibility and more applicability.     

Performance comparison of distributed state estimation algorithms for power systems

A newly proposed distributed dynamic state estimation algorithm based on the maximum a posteriori (MAP) technique is generalised and studied for power systems. The system model involves linear time-varying load dynamics and nonlinear measurements. The main contribution of this paper is to compare the performance and feasibility of this distributed algorithm with several existing distributed state estimation algorithms in the literature. Simulations are tested on the IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus systems under various operating conditions. The results show that this distributed algorithm performs better than distributed quasi-steady state estimation algorithms which do not use the load dynamic model. The results also show that the performance of this distributed method is very close to that by the centralized state estimation method. The merits of this algorithm over the centralized method lie in its low computational complexity and low communication load. Hence, the analysis supports the efficiency and benefits of the distributed algorithm in applications to large-scale power systems.     

Hopfield神经网络在磁粉制动器设计中的应用

为了优化磁粉制动器的结构,提出了Hopfield神经网络的磁粉制动器结构设计方法。方法中利用磁粉制动器的结构建立优化模型,以磁粉制动器的总体积为目标函数,推导约束条件。根据推导的目标函数和约束条件,采用外点罚函数法,构造出优化的增广目标函数,在满足约束条件下,目标函数最小,从而得到磁粉制动器结构的设计方案。实际结果表明,优化后的制动器在满足各项指标的条件下,总体积减小了23%。     

Stability of GM(1,1) power model on vector transformation

The morbidity problem of the GM(1,1) power model in parameter identification is discussed by using multiple and rotation transformation of vectors. Firstly we consider the morbidity problem of the special matrix and prove that the condition number of the coefficient matrix is determined by the ratio of lengths and the included angle of the column vector, which could be adjusted by multiple and rotation transformation to turn the matrix to a well-conditioned one. Then partition the corresponding matrix of the GM(1,1) power model in accordance with the column vector and regulate the matrix to a well-conditioned one by multiple and rotation transformation of vectors, which completely solve the instability problem of the GM(1,1) power model. Numerical results show that vector transformation is a new method in studying the stability problem of the GM(1,1) power model.     

使用非线性变换降低正交频分复用的峰均比

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)所具有的高峰均比问题,提出了一种简单有效的降低峰均比的非线性变换方法。通过把OFDM信号看作随机变量,从概率统计的角度出发提出了一种新的非线性变换。经过非线性变换,将OFDM信号幅度的概率分布改变为近似的均匀分布,从而压缩了信号的动态范围,有效地降低了峰均比;在加性高斯信道下,获得了较好的误码率性能。数据仿真验证了所提出方法的有效性。