试验区碳卫星载荷航空校飞综合试验方案设计

为了充分了解全球碳循环过程及其对气候的影响,并对CO_2排放状况提供数据支撑,扩大我国在国际气候变化方面的话语权,国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)支持开展了"全球二氧化碳监测科学实验卫星与应用示范"项目的研究,卫星搭载了高光谱与高空间分辨率CO_2探测仪(以下简称CO_2探测仪)与云与气溶胶探测仪(以下简称CAPI探测仪),它们的监测数据将用于精确反演全球大气CO_2含量,为全球大气环境变化、温室气体探测、光化学过程、气候变迁等方面的研究与业务的需求发展提供技术依据。CO_2探测仪作为我国首台温室气体遥感监测仪器,研制难度极大,亟需通过航空校飞试验完善载荷发射前的试验环,对载荷功能和性能进行有效评估,以进一步降低卫星发射后的运行风险。此外通过航空校飞获取的对地观测数据还将为CO_2浓度反演算法的开发与验证提供较为理想的模拟数据集,对卫星发射前数据应用技术体系的贯通和卫星发射后的航空伴飞验证具有极大助益,同时为我国机载温室气体探测积累了宝贵前期经验。课题利用我国正在研制的碳卫星载荷,CO_2探测仪和CAPI探测仪,通过适应性改造,搭载在航空飞行平台上进行2个试验区的航空校飞综合试验及其地基同步综合观测试验,验证CO_2探测仪载荷对CO_2探测的功能及部分性能指标;同时为大气CO_2浓度反演算法提供试验数据,并综合地基观测等手段对校飞反演数据进行精度检验,为卫星发射后尽快发挥效益奠定技术基础。     

地热温室采暖系统的设计计算

地热温室是采用地热为热源供热的一种温室,通过调查研究设计了一套地热温室的采暖系统.此采暖系统的最大优点是节约能源,运行费用小.     

大气中甲烷和氧化亚氮排放量与有机成分和无机成分的关系

农用肥料中有机成分和无机成分的应用对温室气体的排放量起着重要作用,为了研究农用肥料中有机成分和无机成分的应用对温室气体的排放量不良影响,试验采用静态箱方法研究有机和无机肥料施用方式对温室气体排放量影响.试验分3个处理:1)不施肥(CK);2)施尿素无机肥;3)施牛粪有机肥,共设置9个小区.结果表明:施肥后,肥料施用处理的土壤CH_4、N_2O累积排放量较不施肥处理显著提高(P0.05),施用有机肥较施用无机肥土壤CH_4、N_2O累积排放量提高.     

长效及普通碳铵在土壤中的渗透转化特性

碳铵肥料施入土壤后的渗透转化特性是决定以碳铵为载体实现土壤中CO_2固定的重要基础;采用土柱淋溶模拟试验,对比研究施用长效碳铵、普通碳铵后HCO_3~-、CO_3~(2-)在土壤中的渗透转化特性,结果表明施用长效碳铵HCO_3~-、CO_3~(2-)在土壤中的含量、贮存时间以及渗透距离均明显高于相应的普通碳铵;由此可推测以长效碳铵为载体固碳性能优于普通碳铵。     

地热温室采暖系统的设计计算

地热温室是采用地热为热源供热的一种温室，通过调查研究设计了一套地热温室的采暖系统，此采暖系统的最大优点是节约能源，运行费用小。     

施用不同形态的氮肥对温室一串红生长发育的影响

本试验研究了 Ｎ Ｈ４－ Ｎ、 Ｎ Ｏ３－ Ｎ、尿素及其不同比例对温室内一串红幼苗生长发育的影响。通过二年的试验表明，施用 Ｎ Ｈ４－ Ｎ 可促进秋冬季一串红幼苗的生长，可提早开花。施用尿素的一串红的幼苗在秋冬季生长不良，但在春季生长良好。本试验研究了各处理对一串红叶片中可溶性糖含量，叶绿素含量、光合强度及多种矿质元素含量的影响     

南宁市南湖湿地秋季水-气界面温室气体(CO_2/CH_4)通量及其影响因子

城市湿地是湿地生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分,研究城市湿地温室气体(CO_2/CH_4)排放特征及其影响因素对区域的碳平衡估算以及控制温室气体排放具有重要的意义。于2019年11月到2020年1月(秋季)利用密闭箱-气相色谱法对南湖湿地水气界面(CO_2/CH_4)通量进行了观测,结果表明,南湖秋季水-气界面CO_2平均通量为-184.73±400.14 mg CO_2/m~2·h,整体为大气CO_2的汇,南湖秋季水-气界面CH_4平均通量为0.96±2.2 mg CH_4/m~2·h,整体为大气CH_4的源。水体溶解性无机碳是影响南湖秋季水气界面CO_2通量最重要的影响因子,溶解性总磷是影响南湖秋季水气界面CH_4通量最重要的影响因子,南湖湿地秋季固定249.96t CO_2当量的含碳温室气体。     

CO_2根外施肥对番茄甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶活性的影响

作物增施CO_2后产量有显著增加,已早有报寻(2)。利用农业措施《新AP型塑料大棚》栽培6613品种番茄,苗期及定植后,每天8—10时施用气体CO_2,持续30天,幼苗鲜重增加87—230％;干重增加115—225％;根系增加84％;叶面积增加96—226％;产量可增加10—40％。增加大棚内的CO_2浓度,可增加番茄叶片中碳水化合物,特别是增加淀粉的含量。在大气中生长的叶片,淀粉含量只有1.8％,而生长在增施CO_2大棚内的番茄,叶片淀粉含量可达12.5％。葡萄糖与蔗糖含量,施用CO_2的比不施用的增加一倍。     

基于TDLAS直接吸收的CO_2浓度监测技术研究

二氧化碳(CO_2)作为最主要的温室气体,能够引发许多气候变化和生态环境问题,因此需要监测大气环境中CO_2的浓度。根据可调谐半导体激光吸收原理,采用直接吸收的方法,在室温下扫描DFB激光器波长,得到CO_2在2 002nm附近的吸收光谱。同时根据Lambert-Beer定律反演出CO_2浓度,为了验证反演精度,选用LGR温室气体分析仪进行对比,两组数据绝对误差在2.5ppm左右,相关系数为0.986 4。长时间对比测量结果的绝对误差在9.8ppm左右,相关系数为0.933。TDLAS测量结果与LGR一致性较好,系统较稳定能够满足实验要求。该研究为仪器的小型化和室内CO_2的长时间测量提供了基础。     

温室环境对观赏凤梨叶片光合日变化的影响

试验以观赏凤梨"星光"品种为材料,通过测定其不同部位叶片光照强度、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_2浓度、气孔导度的日变化,分析北方温室内光照强度日变化规律对观赏凤梨的影响。结果表明:温室观赏凤梨不同部位叶片的光照强度呈单峰型变化,但其不同部位叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及胞间CO_2浓度的日变化与其并不相同。观赏凤梨中上部叶片净光合速率的差异主要是由气孔导度决定的,而下部叶片净光合速率的主要影响因素则是光照强度。观赏凤梨植株中部叶片的活动最为活跃,因此,上午10:00时的温室环境是其光合作用的最佳时间。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that