费米子的弱荷

从标准模型的中性流出发引入费米子弱荷的新概念,并对它们的性质进行讨论．根据弱荷的对称性,提出所有的中微子都是有质量的,但右手中微子和左手反中微子的弱荷为零,因而不参与弱相互作用．根据弱荷的手征性,合理地解释了弱相互作用中宇称不守恒的原因．     

费米子的弱荷

从标准模型的中性流出发引入费米子弱荷的新概念，并对它们的性质进行讨论。根据弱荷的对称性，提出所有的中微子都是有质量的，但右手中微子和左手反中微子的弱荷为零，因而不参与弱相互作用。根据弱荷的手征性，合理地解释了弱相互作用中宇称不守恒的原因。     

de Sitter时空中的非拓扑孤立子

在de Sitter时空中研究了带有自相互作用势的非拓扑孤立子,推导了描述非拓扑孤立子的场方程,在非拓扑孤立子的边界条件下,通过讨论方程的级数解,证明这些非拓扑孤立子在de Sitter时空中不能存在。     

几率守恒定律的独立性

文章提出根据薛定谔方程证明几率守恒定律是不正确的,并且分别从数学和物理的角度说明几率守恒定律的独立性。     

一个关于Kahler平坦的定理

文章主要研究完备非紧的Kahler流形,得到2个定理.首先在Kahler流形有非负有界的全纯双截曲率和平均数量曲率满足一定的条件下得到关于数量曲率的一个积分估计和流形在不同时刻度量条件下体积保持极大增长的条件;其次在Kahler流形有非负的全纯双截曲率,Ricci曲率有界和平均数量曲率满足一定条件下得到它双全纯等价于平坦的Kahler流形的结果.     

一类Fuchsian型特征算子Cauchy问题非平坦解的唯一性

本文考虑见R_z~n×R_t~l上的Fuchsian型特征算子为■在条件(2)～(7)式的假设下,存在正整数h,使P的h阶非平坦解具有唯一性。其结果是文献[2]、[3]、[4]的推广。     

含SDG对的费米子动力学对称性模型

在含ＳＤＧ对的费米子动力学对称性模型的框架下，对原子核的十六极振动自由度给出了一种新的描述，并计算了元素１３２Ｔｅ的低激发能谱和Ｅ（２）跃迁几率计算结果表明，十六极振动自由度对原子核集体运动有重要的影响     

相对论性转动变质量非完整系统的Lie对称性与守恒量

研究了相对论性转动变质量非完整系统的Lie对称性和守恒量。给出了相对论性转动变质量非完整系统的运动微分方程。利用其在无限小变换下的不变性，建立了相对论性转动变质量非完整系统的Lie对称的确定方程和限制方程，得到了结构方程和守恒量。并给出了应用实例。     

P-平坦模和P-平坦维数的若干性质

根据P-平坦模和P-平坦维数的定义给出了它们的一些性质。用P-平坦模刻画了正则环,同时对P-平坦维数也进行了探讨,得出了对于任意环R,rpfD（R）=sup{rpfd（R/I）｜I是R的左主理想}等性质。     

Comparison of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect for bosons and fermions

Fifty years ago, Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) discovered photon bunching in light emitted by a chaotic source, highlighting the importance of two-photon correlations and stimulating the development of modern quantum optics. The quantum interpretation of bunching relies on the constructive interference between amplitudes involving two indistinguishable photons, and its additive character is intimately linked to the Bose nature of photons. Advances in atom cooling and detection have led to the observation and full characterization of the atomic analogue of the HBT effect with bosonic atoms. By contrast, fermions should reveal an antibunching effect (a tendency to avoid each other). Antibunching of fermions is associated with destructive two-particle interference, and is related to the Pauli principle forbidding more than one identical fermion to occupy the same quantum state. Here we report an experimental comparison of the fermionic and bosonic HBT effects in the same apparatus, using two different isotopes of helium: (3)He (a fermion) and 4He (a boson). Ordinary attractive or repulsive interactions between atoms are negligible; therefore, the contrasting bunching and antibunching behaviour that we observe can be fully attributed to the different quantum statistics of each atomic species. Our results show how atom-atom correlation measurements can be used to reveal details in the spatial density or momentum correlations in an atomic ensemble. They also enable the direct observation of phase effects linked to the quantum statistics of a many-body system, which may facilitate the study of more exotic situations.     

FM-DCSK在非平坦衰落信道下的系统设计与仿真

调频-差分混沌键移(FM—DCSK)是一种以混沌信号作为载波的非相干的调制解调技术，其输出信号具有固有的宽频特性。由于其在对抗多径衰落方面具有显著的效果，它适合于在无线移动通信信道下使用，因而得到广泛的研究。给出了FM-DCSK在非平坦衰落信道下的原理结构图，并做了性能分析，通过仿真发现：在两径瑞利(非平坦慢衰落)信道下，FM-DCSK的误码性能优于传统的调制解调技术QDPSK和QPSK。为了进一步提高FM-DCSK的误码性能，建议结合使用一些有效的技术，如分集、Rake接收机等。这些结论和建议对于促进FM-DCSK在无线通信环境下的研究与应用具有重要的意义。     

FM-DCSK在非平坦衰落信道下的系统设计与仿真

调频-差分混沌键移（FMDCSK)是一种以混沌信号作为载波的非相干的调制解调技术,其输出信号具有固有的宽频特性。由于其在对抗多径衰落方面具有显著的效果,它适合于在无线移动通信信道下使用,因而得到广泛的研究。给出了FMDCSK在非平坦衰落信道下的原理结构图,并做了性能分析,通过仿真发现：在两径瑞利（非平坦慢衰落）信道下,FMDCSK的误码性能优于传统的调制解调技术QDPSK和QPSK。为了进一步提高FMDCSK的误码性能,建议结合使用一些有效的技术,如分集、Rake接收机等。这些结论和建议对于促进FMDCSK在无线通信环境下的研究与应用具有重要的意义。     

Designer Dirac fermions and topological phases in molecular graphene

The observation of massless Dirac fermions in monolayer graphene has generated a new area of science and technology seeking to harness charge carriers that behave relativistically within solid-state materials. Both massless and massive Dirac fermions have been studied and proposed in a growing class of Dirac materials that includes bilayer graphene, surface states of topological insulators and iron-based high-temperature superconductors. Because the accessibility of this physics is predicated on the synthesis of new materials, the quest for Dirac quasi-particles has expanded to artificial systems such as lattices comprising ultracold atoms. Here we report the emergence of Dirac fermions in a fully tunable condensed-matter system-molecular graphene-assembled by atomic manipulation of carbon monoxide molecules over a conventional two-dimensional electron system at a copper surface. Using low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy, we embed the symmetries underlying the two-dimensional Dirac equation into electron lattices, and then visualize and shape the resulting ground states. These experiments show the existence within the system of linearly dispersing, massless quasi-particles accompanied by a density of states characteristic of graphene. We then tune the quantum tunnelling between lattice sites locally to adjust the phase accrual of propagating electrons. Spatial texturing of lattice distortions produces atomically sharp p-n and p-n-p junction devices with two-dimensional control of Dirac fermion density and the power to endow Dirac particles with mass. Moreover, we apply scalar and vector potentials locally and globally to engender topologically distinct ground states and, ultimately, embedded gauge fields, wherein Dirac electrons react to 'pseudo' electric and magnetic fields present in their reference frame but absent from the laboratory frame. We demonstrate that Landau levels created by these gauge fields can be taken to the relativistic magnetic quantum limit, which has so far been inaccessible in natural graphene. Molecular graphene provides a versatile means of synthesizing exotic topological electronic phases in condensed matter using tailored nanostructures.     

量子时空中的面积量子

用不同于其他文献的方法推导出量子化空间中面积谱为16πhA（j），用该面积谱以便于推算出黑洞的熵．利用最小面积量子值为1／2探讨qubit的来源，同时对空间存在的EPR纠缠态、纠缠态的非定域性，以及面积量子具有的关联变更给出论证．     

时空CoKriging的变异函数建模

在对地观测中,所研究的地学变量不仅具有时间、空间特征,还受其他变量的影响,采用多元时空相关数据,可以提高时空估值的精度.时空CoKriging是多元时空插值中一种常用的方法,建立时空变异函数和协变异函数是时空CoKriging插值的关键一步.以东北三省为试验区,利用该地区气象站观测数据的月平均空气相对湿度为主变量,引入同时间同位置的月平均空气温度作为协变量,对空气相对湿度和空气温度进行时空变异函数和时空协变异函数建模.实验结果表明,采用和度量时空模型的时空变异函数的随机性空间结构建模的实际拟合效果较好.     

相对论力学中的矛盾

揭示了相对论力学中存在的矛盾.对于一个在S参照纱中静止的孤立体系发生的动力学过程,在与S参照系相对运动的S'参照系中检验时,无论是在S参照系中的同一时刻,还是在S'参照系中的同一时刻,这个过程的动力学结果都不满足动量守恒定律的要求.     

一维费米原子系统中的拓扑超流和Majorana费米子

通过数值求解Bogoliubov de Gennes方程,研究了具有自旋轨道耦合作用的一维费米晶格系统的性质．结果表明：在有限的自旋轨道耦合下和一定的磁场强度时,系统具有零能,此时的准粒子即为Majorana费米子．准无序效应研究表明,Majorana费米子不会被弱准无序所破坏．     

Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene

Quantum electrodynamics (resulting from the merger of quantum mechanics and relativity theory) has provided a clear understanding of phenomena ranging from particle physics to cosmology and from astrophysics to quantum chemistry. The ideas underlying quantum electrodynamics also influence the theory of condensed matter, but quantum relativistic effects are usually minute in the known experimental systems that can be described accurately by the non-relativistic Schr?dinger equation. Here we report an experimental study of a condensed-matter system (graphene, a single atomic layer of carbon) in which electron transport is essentially governed by Dirac's (relativistic) equation. The charge carriers in graphene mimic relativistic particles with zero rest mass and have an effective 'speed of light' c* approximately 10(6) m s(-1). Our study reveals a variety of unusual phenomena that are characteristic of two-dimensional Dirac fermions. In particular we have observed the following: first, graphene's conductivity never falls below a minimum value corresponding to the quantum unit of conductance, even when concentrations of charge carriers tend to zero; second, the integer quantum Hall effect in graphene is anomalous in that it occurs at half-integer filling factors; and third, the cyclotron mass m(c) of massless carriers in graphene is described by E = m(c)c*2. This two-dimensional system is not only interesting in itself but also allows access to the subtle and rich physics of quantum electrodynamics in a bench-top experiment.     

相对论性重离子碰撞进展

本文在回顾本世纪物理学取得的成就的基础上,对相对论性重离子碰撞进行了回顾及展望。