切削加工表面变质层厚度的图像识别技术

切削加工表面变质层影响零件的物理力学性能,会引起表面残余应力分布、显微硬度和微观组织结构等表面完整性的改变,进而影响零件疲劳寿命等服役性能.利用MATLAB图像处理工具,对切削加工表面变质层进行图像识别,探讨预分析图像质量对变质层厚度分析结果的影响,判定切削表面变质层与基体的边界,测量加工表面变质层的厚度.对镍基高温合金GH4169、粉末高温合金FGH95高速切削加工表面变质层分别进行了图像识别和变质层厚度的确定.结果表明:采用图像处理方法能正确识别加工表面基体和变质层的相含量差别,得到加工表面变质层深度,可用于加工表面完整性的检测.研究同时表明:图像亮度、纹理度、对比度和清晰度均会对变质层厚度分析结果产生较大影响,而图像色彩饱和度和尺寸大小的差异对变质层厚度分析结果影响较小.     

搅拌摩擦加工制备铝基复合材料的组织和力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦加工方法制备铝基SiC复合材料,研究SiC颗粒在复合材料中的分布均匀性问题,并对复合材料的力学性能及断口形貌进行分析.结果表明:1、2、3道次加工后SiC颗粒在复合材料中出现漩涡状和带状团聚现象;经4道次搅拌摩擦加工后复合层中SiC颗粒均匀弥散分布在基体金属中,复合层组织发生明显细化;添加SiC颗粒4道次加工后复合材料显微硬度提高,抗拉强度降低.搅拌摩擦区的显微硬度平均值为68HV,为基体金属显微硬度(45HV)的1.5倍;抗拉强度降低为176MPa,为基体金属的81%;复合材料拉伸试样总体表现为韧性断裂,断裂机制包含韧性断裂以及SiC颗粒与基体结合界面的撕裂.     

Zn–38Al–3.5Cu–1.2Mg/SiCp复合材料稳定化处理下的磨损行为

高铝锌合金由于其高温耐磨性较差而受限于各种重型传动领域的使用，碳化硅增强体的加入有效改善了当前的困境。然而以高铝锌合金为基体的复合材料仍然有明显的时效缺陷，且随着重载长程传动的持续而引起摩擦温度剧增，复合材料摩擦表面微观组织中固溶体的溶解度增大，耐磨α相和减摩η相均向软基β相转换引起了微观结构的不稳定，从而导致摩擦工况中复合材料使用性能的不稳定。本文采用搅拌联合熔体超声工艺制备了纳米Zn–38Al–3.5Cu–1.2Mg/SiC_p复合材料试样，研究了不同稳定化处理下复合材料的干摩擦磨损行为，分析了磨损性能与磨损量、磨损表面形貌、纳米增强体的分散性以及复合材料微观组织结构的关系。研究结果表明，稳定化的复合材料内部的纳米SiC_p分布更加均匀，经稳定化处理后的复合材料的显微硬度随着接触表面温度的升高而在增大，未经过稳定化处理的复合材料显微硬度随着接触表面温度升高基本不变，并且稳定化工艺最优为380℃ × 6 h + 170℃ × 48 h。稳定化处理有利于复合材料中纳米增强体颗粒的分散，不仅细化了晶粒大小还增强了耐磨性，同时由于纳米SiC_p的高温热稳定性还进一步抑制了在磨损时复合材料微观结构中硬质相向软质相的转变过程，同时稳定化处理也有利于缓解纳米SiC_p在基体界面处所引起的裂纹源。     

高速铣削高强高硬钢加工表面硬化实验

研究高速铣削高强高硬钢加工表面层金相组织和硬度变化.进行了高速铣削高强高硬钢的切削温度实验,分析了不同铣削条件下高速铣削高强高硬钢加工表面层微观组织和加工变质层硬度变化.结果表明,高速铣削高强高硬钢时,加工表面层微观组织和加工变质层硬度发生明显变化,切削热对变质层金相组织结构和深度的影响显著.随着切削区平均温度的升高,变质层的深度增加,变质层主要为塑性变形硬化层、回火索氏体、回火屈氏体;切削温度达到一定程度后,在工件表面形成包含自激淬火与塑性变形特点的加工硬化层,可大幅提高工件表面硬度、塑性、韧性和抗腐蚀性.     

(TiB_2+Al_2O_3)增强铝基复合材料的组织分析与硬度测试

将TiO2和B2O3原料混合后加入ZL102铝熔体,采用原位反应的方法,使其与铝液发生反应,制备出(TiB2+Al2O3)双相增强铝基复合材料.用EPMA及SEM分析反应合成的增强颗粒在基体上的分布状态以及TiB2和Al2O3颗粒的微观组织,用显微硬度仪测定复合材料组成相的显微硬度.结果表明,利用Al-TiO2-B2O3体系可以原位制备颗粒增强的铝基复合材料,合成的复合材料硬度比ZL102提高37.3%.     

Al-Zr(CO3)2-KBF4反应合成复合材料的制备与性能

采用熔体反应法，以Al-Zr(CO3)2-KBF4反应体系原位反应合成颗粒增强铝基复合材料。用SEM分析生成的复合材料微观组织，用水淬快速冷却得到的增强相颗粒，尺寸细小并且在基体中分布均匀.XRD分析表明：Zr(CO3)2和KBF4与铝液反应生成ZrB2、Al2O3、ZrAl3颗粒，金属型复合材料的增强相颗粒尺寸显著增大，复合材料的拉伸强度和显微硬度随加入的反应物质量分数的增加而增大，但是延伸率先升后降，属塑性断裂。     

电磁分离法制备原位Al/Mg2Si功能梯度复合材料

用电磁分离技术(EMS)制备了原位Al/Mg2Si功能梯度复合材料(FGMs)，并采用复合盐变质剂对初生Mg2Si增强相进行细化和变质.实验结果表明，制备的圆棒状复合材料在近外壁区域形成φ(Mg2Si)=17.5％相偏聚层，提高了表面硬度.电磁力参数、铸型温度场和铸型尺寸是影响增强颗粒分布的主要因素.通过控制外加磁场的电磁力参数和温度场，可实现复合材料中φ(Mg2Si)在径向呈既定的梯度规律变化.相同条件下，铸型内径越大，复合材料内部区域的增强颗粒所占比例就越高，增强颗粒的分布就越分散.     

FSP制备TiO2铝基复合材料的组织与性能研究

为了解决铝基复合材料强韧性的问题,采用搅拌摩擦加工(friction stir processing, FSP)的方法制备TiO₂铝基复合材料。分别采用显微组织观察试验、拉伸试验和显微硬度试验等方法,对复合材料的强化机理、显微组织以及力学性能进行表征与分析。结果表明,TiO₂的加入对复合材料具有细化晶粒作用,FSP改变了铝合金的结晶形式,由无形核的连续性动态再结晶转变为颗粒刺激形核机制;FSP制备TiO₂铝基复合材料的抗拉强度及显微硬度均得到了提高,当添加量达到4.8%(质量分数)时,复合材料的抗拉强度达到456 MPa,硬度值达到130 HV,与未添加颗粒相比较,分别提高了17%和16%,而延伸率仅下降了4%。FSP制备TiO₂铝基复合材料不仅可以有效提高力学性能,可以改善强韧性不匹配的问题,研究结果可为新型复合材料的应用提供理论基础和技术参考。     

纳米碳管铝基复合材料组织与性能的研究

试验采用搅拌铸造法制备了纳米碳管增强铝基复合材料,对其显微组织、硬度、抗拉强度和电阻率进行了研究.结果表明：纳米碳管的加入能够细化复合材料晶粒,表面镀铜后可以抑制基体与增强体之间的界面反应,避免脆性碳化物的生成;复合材料的硬度和抗拉强度随着纳米碳管加入量的增加先增加后减小,纳米碳管的质量分数为1.0%时,达到最大值,与基体相比分别增加了34.8%和34.4%;纳米碳管的加入对基体的导电性影响不大.     

金刚石、碳化硅复合热传导材料的发展

金刚石或碳化硅增强的金属基或陶瓷基复合热传导材料理论上具有高的热导率、低的热膨胀系数,然而金刚石或者碳化硅与基体的界面结合问题严重降低了复合热传导材料的热导率。通过改善烧结工艺、添加碳化物形成元素、增强相表面镀铜等方法来解决问题,虽取得一定效果,但并未完全解决界面问题。本文介绍了两种更为有效的解决手段,在金属基复合材料中,通过在增强相表面镀覆碳化物金属镀层的方法改善界面结合问题;在陶瓷基复合材料中,采用添加活性添加剂以及在增强相表面镀覆障碍层的办法解决陶瓷基复合热传导材料中的氧化问题。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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