Near-infrared absorption imaging and processing technologies based on gold nanorods

Noble metal nanoparticles with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties are widely used as optical sensors in biochemical detection and medical diagnosis. In this paper, we propose an effective determination method to measure the LSPR absorption intensity of gold nanorods (GNRs). A near-infrared (NIR) imaging system is established, and an NIR absorption image of the multiple samples of the colloidal GNRs is captured. Then, the LSPR absorption intensities of these samples are obtained by calculating the average grayscale of the target areas based on the NIR image processing technology. By using this method, the LSPR absorption intensities of the multiple samples are determined all at once, and their accuracy is as high as that obtained by using spectrophotometry. These results suggest that this method is an efficient multi-channel determination technique with high-throughput sensing applications.     

Plasmonic biosensors and nanoprobes based on gold nanoshells

Gold nanoshells (GNSs), consisting of a dielectric core coated with gold, have gained extensive attention as they show readily tunable optical properties and good biocompatibility. As highly sensitive and label-free optical biosensors with wide applications, GNSs have been investigated in many fields including drug delivery, immunoassay, cancer treatment, biological sensing and imaging. Taking advantage of the adjustability of the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and the sensitivity of the surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal of GNSs, we have developed diverse applications including plasmonic biosensors and nanoprobes based on GNSs. In this review we introduce plasmonic and electromagnetic properties and fabrication methods of GNSs. We describe research progress in recent years, and highlight several applications of GNSs developed by our group. Finally we provide a brief assessment of future development of GNSs as plasmonic materials that can be integrated with complementary analytical techniques.     

核/壳型纳米银球的局域表面等离子体共振调谐特性研究

利用离散偶极子理论数值模拟了核/壳结构纳米银球局域表面等离子体共振调谐特性,并应用等离子体杂化理论对其数值结果进行了解释。研究结果表明:对于固定的球壳结构,当改变内核介质的介电常数与内核结构尺寸时,其等离子体共振峰发生了明显的移动现象;对于固定的内核结构,当外核厚度变化时能有效实现共振峰的调控。     

基于局域表面等离子体共振特性的高灵敏度凝血酶检测

用核酸适体修饰的纳米金共振散射光谱探针可实现对微纳空间内凝血酶的特异性识别与检测.提出了一种基于局域表面等离子体共振-暗场显微光谱联用技术的分析方法,研究了局域在金纳米粒子表面的生物分子的识别过程对局域表面等离子体共振散射光谱的影响.研究了单颗粒纳米粒子的形貌特征,实现了单分子层面上生物分子识别过程的追踪.     

籍疏水花菁染料的荧光突变测定非离子表面活性剂临界胶束浓度

研究了近红外疏水花菁染料I在几种表面活性剂溶液中的荧光行为. 花菁I在水中及含有低浓度(小于临界胶束浓度,CMC)的曲通X-100溶液中表现出很弱的荧光,但当表面活性剂浓度达到CMC时,荧光显著红移并迅速增强到最大.这种荧光突变为曲通X-100的胶束形成提供了直观的指示,可据此建立一种测定其CMC的简单荧光方法.该法还适用于Brij-35的CMC测定,所测的CMC值与文献报道的结果十分吻合.     

Laboratory study of improving petroleum recovery by changing the wettability between the solid/liquid interface

The wettability of the solid powders (silica gel or Kaolin) was measured with the modified Washburn equation indicated as contact angles. The wettability changes for SDBS aqueous solutions on the surface of a silica gel or Kaolin powder were studied. The average aggregation number of the micelle in SDBS aqueous solution was measured by the fluorescence quenching method. Then the oil recovery of n-dodecane on the silica gel or the Kaolin surface was tested. The relationship between the wettability of the powder surface, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SDBS aqueous solution, and the mimic oil recovery of the resident oil on the powder surface has been explored. It has been found that the minimum contact angle (most hydrophilic condition) and the maximum oil recovery occurred near the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SDBS while the interfacial tension between the SDBS solution and n-dodecane was far from ultra-low condition (≤10^-3 mN·m^-1).     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液的表面张力测定

首次利用激光散射法测量液体表面张力系统(SLLS),对294.17 K下质量浓度为0%~0.080%的十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液的表面张力进行了实验研究,共获得21个测量数据点.用多项式函数对表面张力数据进行了拟合,拟合的最大偏差为0.998 mN.m-1,平均偏差为0.531m N.m-1.利用测量数据确定了十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为1.36×10-3mol.L-1.     

Growth and optical absorption properties of silver nanorod arrays in porous anodic aluminum oxide templates

Silver nanorod arrays have been fabricated by alternat-ing current(AC) and pulsed direct current(DC) electrodeposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) templates with controlled pore diameters of 19,38,and 65 nm,respectively.The variation of their optical absorption properties with the incident angle and the nanorods length(corresponding to the electrodeposition time) has been investigated.Optical absorption spectra show that the posi-tion of longitudinal surface plasmon resonance(LSPR) peak has a small blueshift with the increase of incident angle of the excitation light.While the aspect ratio of the nanorods increases,the position of LSPR peak first redshifts and then blueshifts to a certain wave-length.Furthermore,the position of LSPR peak can be tuned,ranging from 550 nm to 900 nm,which makes it possible to cou-ple various wavelength of excitation source to assist radiative en-ergy transfer to the acceptor.     

Controlled surface charging as a depth-profiling probe for mesoscopic layers

Probing the structure of material layers just a few nanometres thick requires analytical techniques with high depth sensitivity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provides one such method, but obtaining vertically resolved structural information from the raw data is not straightforward. There are several XPS depth-profiling methods, including ion etching, angle-resolved XPS (ref. 2) and Tougaard's approach, but all suffer various limitations. Here we report a simple, non-destructive XPS depth-profiling method that yields accurate depth information with nanometre resolution. We demonstrate the technique using self-assembled multilayers on gold surfaces; the former contain 'marker' monolayers that have been inserted at predetermined depths. A controllable potential gradient is established vertically through the sample by charging the surface of the dielectric overlayer with an electron flood gun. The local potential is probed by measuring XPS line shifts, which correlate directly with the vertical position of atoms. We term the method 'controlled surface charging' and expect it to be generally applicable to a large variety of mesoscopic heterostructures.     

Tomographic imaging using the nonlinear response of magnetic particles

The use of contrast agents and tracers in medical imaging has a long history. They provide important information for diagnosis and therapy, but for some desired applications, a higher resolution is required than can be obtained using the currently available medical imaging techniques. Consider, for example, the use of magnetic tracers in magnetic resonance imaging: detection thresholds for in vitro and in vivo imaging are such that the background signal from the host tissue is a crucial limiting factor. A sensitive method for detecting the magnetic particles directly is to measure their magnetic fields using relaxometry; but this approach has the drawback that the inverse problem (associated with transforming the data into a spatial image) is ill posed and therefore yields low spatial resolution. Here we present a method for obtaining a high-resolution image of such tracers that takes advantage of the nonlinear magnetization curve of small magnetic particles. Initial 'phantom' experiments are reported that demonstrate the feasibility of the imaging method. The resolution that we achieve is already well below 1 mm. We evaluate the prospects for further improvement, and show that the method has the potential to be developed into an imaging method characterized by both high spatial resolution as well as high sensitivity.     

基于人工神经网络的矿井涌水量预测

应用人工神经网络理论,提出了矿井涌水量预测的新方法,并将其与自回归时序模型进行了比较验证。结果表明,运用神经网络方法进行矿井涌水量预测,精度高,自适应性强,在数据不十分充足的情况下,效果尤其好于自回归模型。     

谱分析的神经网络方法──局部零残差法

提出了一种神经网络ＡＲ（自适应递归）参量估计的新方法──局部零残差法。利用所建立的神经网络的明确收敛性，在每一个数据到来后获得一组ＡＲ参量的零残差解，这时ＡＲ参量的特性是与时间序列的噪声相关的随机过程，最终的ＡＲ参量值为全部数据通过神经网络预测误差滤波器后，对各点获得的ＡＲ参量解的求和平均。由此，ＡＲ参量值确定的最大熵谱具有很好的稳定性，且谱的分辨率和精度是与滤波器的长度成正比，这给最佳滤波器的选择保留了充分的灵活性。另外，利用神经网络并行快速的特性，可用该系统进行实时谱分析。     

Degradation of Azo Dyes by Photocatalysis of Fe (Ⅲ)-oxalate Complexes/H202 in Aqueous Non-ionic Surfactant Triton X-100 Solution

Two azo dyes,C.I.Reactive Red 195(RR195)and C.I.Acid Black 234(AB234)were degraded by photocatalysis of Fe(Ⅲ)-oxalate complexes/H2O2 in aqueous non-ionic surfactant,Triton X-100(TX-100)solution.Some factors affecting the dye degradation such as TX-100 concentration,irradiation intensity,and sodium chloride were investigated.The interaction and competition between dye and TX-100 during the degradation were also examined using spectrophotometry and maximum bubble pressure method,respectively.The results indicated that TX-100 showed a significant reduction effect on degradation of two azo dyes,but which was largely confined to TX-100 concetration below the Critical Micellar Concentration(CMC).And the reduction was considerably decreased above the CMC,especially in the case of AR234.Moreover,the reducing effect of TX-100 on dye degradation almost did not vary with irradiation intensity.And the impact of sedium chloride on dye degradation was limited by the addition of TX-100.     

Metal Ions Induced Vesicle Formation of Single-Chained Hydrocarbon Surfactants with Coordinated Headgroups

0IntroductionApmrpotheiipnhsil ceasn s augchgr eagsa tseurifnatcota an tvsa r,ileitpyid osf , stcroupcotluyrmeser (se a.ngd.micelles ,bilayers ,vesicles and biological membranes ,etc .)inaqueous solutions , which can transformfrom one to anotherwhen the solutionconditions are changed,such as the electro-lyte concentration or the value of pH[1]. The forces that holdamphiphilic molecules together in aggregates are not due tostrong covalent orionic bonds but arisingfromweaker van derWaals ,hydrop…     

曲拉通（TX-100）对恶臭假单胞菌降解生物膜中双酚

研究非离子型表面活性剂曲拉通（TX-100）对恶臭假单胞菌降解生物膜中双酚A的影响. 结果表明, 低浓度（小于临界胶束浓度, CMC）TX-100抑制生物膜中双酚A的降解, 而高浓度（大于CMC）TX-100可促进生物膜中双酚A的降解, 并且随着生物膜中TX-100浓度的增加, 双酚A的降解率逐渐增大; 同时发现TX-100存在条件下生物膜主要化学组分的选择性萃取分离可导致恶臭假单胞菌降解双酚A的能力下降.     

加罩天线阵辐射特性的MoM建模与快速计算

利用表面积分方程(SIE)和矩量法(MoM)对加罩天线阵的辐射特性进行了整体严格建模.通过预条件技术(PT)和快速多极子方法(FMM),明显改善了MoM矩阵方程的性态,降低了计算机内存占用,加速了共轭梯度法(CG)的收敛速度.对几种加罩天线阵进行了数值仿真,分析了天线罩有关参数对天线阵辐射特性的影响.结果表明,天线罩的介电常数、尺寸、形状等参数对天线阵辐射特性有显著影响.     

Nano-bio interfaces probed by advanced optical spectroscopy: From model system studies to optical biosensors

Research in biology and medicine is a rapidly expanding field incorporating some of the most fundamental questions concerning structure, function, and purpose. The forefront of new research demands access to advanced techniques and instrumentation capable of probing these unanswered questions. Over the past several decades, nano-scale materials and devices ranging from quasione dimensional quantum dots to two dimensional graphene sheets have been engineered and have found applications in nano-bio imaging and spectroscopy. In this review, the incorporation of nanomaterials into three influential spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and sum frequency generation will be introduced. Fluorescence imaging has visualized nanomaterials as compliments or replacements to comparable organic fluorphores, act as a quencher for FRET-based sensing, and serve as a nanoscaffold for molecular beacons. Their versatility in coating materials makes nanomaterials an excellent targeting molecule for any cellular macromolecule or structure. In addition to the targeting capabilities of nanomaterials in fluorescence imaging, surface plasmon resonance has incorporated nanomaterials for applications in signal enhancement, selectivity of target molecules, and the development of more refined and accurate detection. Functionalized nano-particles enhance the capabilities of sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy by providing unique surface chemistry which alters target molecule interactions and orientations. In summary, the incorporation of nanomaterials has greatly enhanced the field of biology and medicine and has allowed for the continual advancement of not only research but instrument development.     

基于径向基网络的表面肌电信号处理

利用AR模型对实验所采集到的原始二通道表面肌电信号（SEMG）加以分析,提取AR系数作为特征值,将其作为训练样本输入到RBF神经网络进行训练,用此网络对前臂的伸臂和曲臂两种运动模式的表面肌电信号进行模式分类。实验表明,基于径向基函数RBF神经网络分类准确率比BP神经网络更高,具有较强的鲁棒性和自适应能力,可以有效识别肌肉的单动作模式。     

Quantum tunnelling of the magnetization in a monolayer of oriented single-molecule magnets

A fundamental step towards atomic- or molecular-scale spintronic devices has recently been made by demonstrating that the spin of an individual atom deposited on a surface, or of a small paramagnetic molecule embedded in a nanojunction, can be externally controlled. An appealing next step is the extension of such a capability to the field of information storage, by taking advantage of the magnetic bistability and rich quantum behaviour of single-molecule magnets (SMMs). Recently, a proof of concept that the magnetic memory effect is retained when SMMs are chemically anchored to a metallic surface was provided. However, control of the nanoscale organization of these complex systems is required for SMMs to be integrated into molecular spintronic devices. Here we show that a preferential orientation of Fe(4) complexes on a gold surface can be achieved by chemical tailoring. As a result, the most striking quantum feature of SMMs-their stepped hysteresis loop, which results from resonant quantum tunnelling of the magnetization-can be clearly detected using synchrotron-based spectroscopic techniques. With the aid of multiple theoretical approaches, we relate the angular dependence of the quantum tunnelling resonances to the adsorption geometry, and demonstrate that molecules predominantly lie with their easy axes close to the surface normal. Our findings prove that the quantum spin dynamics can be observed in SMMs chemically grafted to surfaces, and offer a tool to reveal the organization of matter at the nanoscale.     

一种含多官能团双子表面活性剂的合成及性能

合成一种含多个官能团的Gemini表面活性剂C16H33OCOCH2(CH3)2N+(CH2)3NHCOCH2CONH-(CH2)3N+(CH3)2CH2COOC16H33.2Br-(Ⅰ)并研究其表面性质.在丙酮溶剂中,二(3-二甲氨基丙基)丙二酰胺(Ⅱ)与过量的氯乙酸十六醇酯反应,经丙酮和乙腈混合溶剂重结晶得到白色固体产物,收率为82.6%(以Ⅱ计).采用IR、1H NMR对其结构进行表征.两相滴定法分析其纯度为99.8%;电导率法测定其CMC值为6.33×10-5mol.L-1;滴体积法测定其γCMC为34.89 mN.m-1;其Krafft点小于0℃.并研究了其乳化、泡沫性能.