Electrochemical exfoliation for few-layer graphene in molybdate aqueous solution and its application for fast electrothermal film

There are still serious barriers from laboratory exploration to large-scale production of commercializing highquality graphene, especially by environmental-friendly methods. In this study, a simple and efficient electrochemical method for the preparation of high-quality water-dispersible graphene has been developed using molybdate aqueous solutions as the electrolyte. The exfoliation of graphite paper could be achieved in the electrolyte with a high yield of a few layers graphene(1–5 layers, 76%) and uniform lateral size(1–6 μm, 90%).The as-obtained few layers graphene well dispersed in aqueous solution with a solubility of ～4 mg mL~(-1) and stability for at least 2 months. It provides a new green method to prepare high-quality graphene. The as-prepared water-dispersible graphene films exhibit significant electrothermal performance, with a steady-state temperature of 147 °C under voltage of 10 V and a maximum heating rate achieved of 11.8 °C s~(-1).     

膨胀石墨制备石墨烯的可行性研究

本文以鳞片石墨为原料,采用化学法经氧化酸化插层、水洗、干燥、高温膨胀过程制备膨胀石墨,再采用超声剥离法制备出少层数石墨烯片;并对制备膨胀石墨时的相关影响因素及插层机理作了初步探讨。结果表明：对不同工艺条件下制备的膨胀石墨,其层间距变化非常微小,但是其衍射强度却有明显下降;不管是细鳞片石墨还是大鳞片石墨制备成膨胀石墨,再次进行酸化处理后,加入插层剂后经过超声剥离就可以得到少层数的片状石墨烯。膨胀石墨制备石墨烯,不失为一种能高效、可行地方法。     

Reduced graphene oxide wrapped 3D-ultrathin CoS2 nanoflakes as an absorbing material with enhanced microwave absorption

Novel 3D-ultrathin CoS₂ nanoflakes wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (CoS₂/RGO) were successfully prepared via a facile method. The morphology and structure of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The microwave absorption properties of the CoS₂/RGO composites were also investigated. The composites exhibited optimal microwave absorption properties at a CoS₂/RGO loading of 20 ?wt.% in paraffin matrix, with a reflection loss (R_L) value of ?36.5 ?dB at 12.1 ?GHz and a thickness of 2.0 ?mm. Furthermore, CoS₂/RGO composites have an excellent absorption bandwidth (reflection loss below ?10 dB) of 6.5 ?GHz. The results indicate that the RGO-wrapped 3D-ultrathin CoS₂ nanoflakes have a broad microwave absorption bandwidth, strong absorption, and are the candidates for the application as the advanced microwave absorbers.     

用于45#钢丝拉拔加工的叠层陶瓷拉拔模具磨损分析

为研究45#钢丝拉拔加工过程中受力和Al₂O₃-TiC/Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂叠层陶瓷拉拔模具磨损情况,采用真空热压烧结方式制备Al₂O₃-TiC/Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂叠层陶瓷拉拔模具,并将其固定在万能拉伸试验机上进行钢丝拉拔实验。 采用三维造型软件SolidWorks建立钢丝坯料和拉拔模具的有限元模型,通过有限元模拟软件对钢丝拉拔成形过程进行仿真分析,得到45#钢丝在变形过程中的轴向应力、应变以及拉拔力的变化情况。 扫描电镜（SEM）及能量弥散X射线谱（EDS）观察拉拔模具磨损后的微观形貌。 结果表明:叠层陶瓷拉拔模具工作区的Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂材料层比Al₂O₃-TiC材料层磨损严重,Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂材料层的固体润滑膜被拖覆到Al₂O₃-TiC材料层,模具整体具有自润滑性能。 实际测量拉拔力与公式计算所得拉拔力相吻合,模拟所得拉拔力比实际测量拉拔力小。      

切应力作用下降膜吸收过程特性研究

利用CFD软件Fluent,通过数值模拟方法研究了溴化锂溶液降膜吸收过程.模型中考虑了界面切应力对于降膜吸收特性的影响,给出了不同界面切应力下主体温度、浓度随着下降距离的变化及热量、质量通量随着下降距离的变化.模拟结果表明:切应力对降膜吸收过程有一定的影响.与无切应力相比,正向切应力对降膜吸收过程不利,而逆向切应力对降膜吸收过程有利.这主要是由于切应力的存在改变了液膜内的速度分布及液膜在吸收器内的停留时间.     

CFRP/AA6061缠绕组合薄壁结构轴向压溃仿真方法

采用LSDYNA软件建立碳纤维复合材料缠绕在铝合金管外壁组合而成的CFRP/AA6061组合管的模型,对压溃仿真方法进行研究.采用MAT54和MAT123材料模型分别模拟CFRP和AA6061的本构关系,采用参数校准的方法确定CFRP与AA6061的连接界面法向失效应力和切向失效应力,并采用tiebreak接触定义界面.对不同纤维铺层角度的组合结构进行了压溃试验和仿真模型验证.结果表明,该仿真模型精度较高,对[0/90]₃和[90]₆铺层组合管的峰值载荷仿真误差分别为8%和11.2%,均值载荷误差分别为8.7%和6.7%,仿真结果较准确地再现了压溃过程中的峰值载荷和均值载荷,该仿真模型可用于CFRP/金属组合薄壁结构的压溃试验与仿真研究.      

Electrorheological effect of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with different TiC contents at 1500℃

The electrorheological properties of CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO-TiO₂-TiC slags were investigated to enhance understanding of the effect of TiC addition on the viscosity, yield stress, and fluid pattern of Ti-bearing slags in a direct-current electric field. The viscosities and shear stresses of 4wt% and 8wt% TiC slags were found to increase substantially with increasing electric field intensity, whereas virtually no rheological changes were observed in the 0wt% TiC slag. The Herschel-Bulkley model was applied to demonstrate that the fluid pattern of the 4wt% TiC slag was converted from that of a Newtonian fluid to that of a Bingham fluid in response to the applied electric field; and the static yield stress increased linearly with the square of the electric field intensity.     

Study on flow characteristics of solid/liquid system in lysozyme crystal growth

During the process of lysozyme protein crystallization with batch method,the macroscopic flow field of solid/liquid system was observed by particle image velocimetry(PIV). Furthermore,a normal growth rate of(110) face and local flow field around a single protein crystal were obtained by a long work dis-tance microscope. The experimental results showed that the average velocity,the maximal velocity of macroscopic solid/liquid system and the velocity of local flow field around single protein crystal were fluctuant. The effective boundary layer thickness δeff,the concentration at the interface Ci and the characteristic velocity V were calculated using a convection-diffusion model. The results showed that the growth of lysozyme crystal in this experiment was dominated by interfacial kinetics rather than bulk transport,and the function of buoyancy-driven flow in bulk transport was small,however,the effect of bulk transport in crystal growth had a tendency to increase with the increase of lysozyme concentra-tion. The calculated results also showed that the order of magnitude of shear force was about 10-21 N,which was much less than the bond force between the lysozyme molecules. Therefore the shear force induced by buoyancy-driven flows cannot remove the protein molecules from the interface of crystal.     

Preparation of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites by intercalative polymerization： Effect of in situ polymer matrix functionalization on the stability of the nanocomposite structure

The copolymerization of propylene and 5-hexenyl-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (5-hexenyl-9-BBN) has been conducted with an MgCl2/TiCl4 catalyst intercalated in an organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) with triethylaluminum (AlEt3) cocatalyst and diphenyldimethoxysilane (DDS) external donor. This polymerization process simultaneously results in both the exfoliation of MMT layers to realize the preparation of polypropylene (PP)/MMT nanocomposites and the implantation of reactive borane groups in the formed PP matrix. The polymer-borne borane groups have been able to undergo an effi-cient hydrolysis process under very mild reaction conditions (40℃, 3 h, in THF), introducing hydroxy groups into PP without sacrificing the polymerization-formed nanocomposite structure (the exfoliation of MMT). The resultant hydroxyl-functionalized PP/MMT nanocomposites exhibit enhanced structural stability against processing compared with those based on unfunctionalized PP matrix.     

Mechanical, deformation and fracture behaviors of bulk metallic glass composites reinforced by spherical B2 particles

Ti_(45)Cu_(40)Ni_7Zr_5Sn_(2.5)Si_(0.5) alloys were prepared under various cooling rate conditions during solidification.The alloys exhibited different volume fractions of B2 particles with 0～40 vol%in an amorphous matrix.Monolithic bulk metallic glass of 1 mm diameter showed no macroscopic plasticity and exhibited the typical vein patterns in a maximum shear stress plane on the fracture surface.However,a bulk metallic glass composite containing the B2 particles revealed obvious plasticity(～5.6%)with a remarkable work-hardening behavior that resulted from a stress-induced martensitic transformation of the B2 particles.Moreover,the composite displayed the complicated fracture morphologies containing of three types of fracture features.Through detailed investigations on the microstructural evolution,mechanical,deformation and fracture characteristics,the influence of B2 particle on overall behavior of the TiCu-based bulk metallic glass composites was elucidated.     

粗粒土静止侧压力系数试验

对某土石坝地基覆盖层2种级配的砂卵砾石料进行大型单向压缩试验,试验中,土压力盒基于标定方法提供的参数得到试样内的水平应力和垂直应力,进而计算其静止侧压力系数K_0。研究水标法和砂标法对粗粒土的适用程度,探讨K_0试验结果的可靠性;分别对2种级配土料进行中三轴CD试验,测定土料的有效内摩擦角,然后依据相关经验公式计算K_0,验证经验公式的有效性。结果表明:砂标法对于粗粒土来说是一种较可靠的标定方法;在竖向应力足够大时,K_0试验误差可以忽略不计,所测定的K_0接近实际值;Federico基于Terzaghi的已激发有效摩擦角概念而推导出的有效内摩擦角与静止侧压力系数之间的关系式较适合粗粒土。     

复掺纳米SiO2对棕榈纤维加筋土抗剪强度的影响

通过直剪试验,探讨了在棕榈纤维加筋土中复掺纳米SiO_2对土体抗剪强度、黏聚力、内摩擦角的影响.试验表明,棕榈纤维可以明显提高土体的抗剪强度和黏聚力,但对土体内摩擦角的影响不大,其最佳棕榈纤维质量加筋率为1.0%~1.2%.复掺纳米SiO_2后,土体的抗剪强度再次得到增强,且其黏聚力、内摩擦角也得到进一步提高.对于相同质量加筋率的棕榈纤维土体,在复掺纳米SiO_2的质量百分比为1.0%时,土体的抗剪强度最大;而不同质量加筋率下的棕榈纤维加筋土(质量加筋率为1.0%~1.2%),其复掺纳米SiO_2质量百分比为0.7%~1.0%时,土体的抗剪强度最大.同时,分析了棕榈纤维和纳米SiO_2的作用机理,复掺纳米SiO_2后的棕榈纤维加筋土在微观结构上更加密实,土体更加稳定,抗剪强度更大.因此,纳米SiO_2可以在路基土体加固中发挥作用.     

二氧化钛-硫化镉/氧化石墨烯复合材料光催化降解废水中有机物的研究

本论文采用溶剂热法制备出TiO₂-CdS/rGO三元复合光催化材料,并对其降解亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B的光催化活性进行研究,发现TiO₂-CdS/rGO对于亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B的光催化降解活性优于TiO₂-CdS,催化效率明显提高,降解时间大大缩短;在可见光照射下,以TiO₂-CdS/rGO为光催化剂,光反应时间40 min,亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B的降解率可达100%。本文还研究了催化材料的稳定性、催化剂用量对光催化降解效果的影响。     

碳分纳米氢氧化铝悬浮液的流变行为与纳米粒子团聚

碳分获得了微观粒度200 nm×20 nm（长度×厚度）的氢氧化铝。研究了碳分悬浮液的流变行为,在低和高剪切速率下分别表现为胀流型非牛顿流体和假塑性非牛顿流体,同时低剪切下为时变性胀流型流体,而高剪切下触变性不明显。研究表明悬浮液内氢氧化铝存在稳定的网络结构,并可以在一定的温度和剪切破坏后保持和恢复,黏度在切应力接近结构破坏强度时发生震荡。通过流变分析,表明网络结构是悬浮液复杂流变行为的成因,也是碳分氢氧化铝粒子生成和稳定存在的根本原因。悬浮液黏度是颗粒数量、粒度分布的函数,是得到碳分反应制备纳米氢氧化铝团聚动力学的重要参数,其中η₀/η_min分析是可能途径之一。     

Biotemplated fabrication of hierarchical mesoporous CeO2 derived from diatom and its application for catalytic oxidation of CO

Hierarchically hollow nanostructures have been the focus of numerous studies due to their prominent physicochemical properties that differ significantly from bulk materials and their potential for extensive applications. We present a novel diatom-based scaffold for the synthesis of hierarchically biomorphic CeO2 with special porous structure via incorporating Ce ions into the frustule. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measure- ments were adopted to characterize the products. Owing to its unique hierarchical structure and periodic meso-macro scale features, the obtained CeO2 exhibits high catalytic activity in CO oxidation. This facile strategy may design a new way towards replicating desired biological structures for metal oxide catalyst in other potential applications.     

非均质土层中单桩水平动力阻抗计算及影响因素分析

运用土动力学和结构动力学原理．基于改进的Winkler地基梁模型,考虑了地基土的成层非均质性和桩土界面的相对分离效应以及桩侧土的弱化效应,采用数理方程方法分别求解桩与土的振动方程,建立了水平荷载作用下单桩动力阻抗函数的计算力学模型．通过数值计算将得到的单桩水平动力阻抗随激振频率的变化关系与现有的计算和试验结果进行了对比．验证了计算方法的合理性,进而通过变动参数计算得到了桩周弱化土域、桩土界面接触状态、桩身长细比和桩土刚度比等对单桩水平动力阻抗函数的影响规律。     

Functionalized graphene oxide based on p-phenylenediamine as spacers and nitrogen dopants for high performance supercapacitors

p-Phenylenediamine （PPD） functionalized graphene oxide （GO） materials （PPDG） were prepared through a one-step solvothermal process and their appli-cation as supercapacitors （SCs） were studied. The PPD is not only as the spacers to prevent aggregating and re-stacking of the graphene sheets in the preparing process but also as nitrogen sources to obtain the nitrogen-doped graphene. The structures of PPDG were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy （XRD）, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and the results show that the nitrogen-doped graphene was achieved with nitrogen content as high as 10.85 at.%. The field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM） and high resolu-tion transmission electron microscopy （HR-TEM） have confirmed that the morphologies of PPDG were looselayered with less aggregation, indicating that PPD mole-cules, as spacers, effectively prevent the graphene sheets from restacking during the solvothermal reaction. The special loose textures make PPDG materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performance for symmetric SCs with superior specific capacitance （313 F/g at 0.1 A/g）, rate capability and cycling stability. The present synthesis method is convenient and may have potential applications as ultrahigh performance SCs.     

Mechanical and thermal properties of NpO2 using LSDAt U approach

The elastic constants,bulk modulus,shear modulus,Young’s modulus,Debye temperature,isobaric heat capacity and minimum thermal conductivity are estimated for NpO2 using plane-wave pseudopotential method within the local spin density approximation plus Hubbard U(LSDAtU) theory.The computed lattice constants are in good agreement with the available experimental results and then three independent elastic constants were computed by means of the stress–strain method.From the knowledge of the elastic constants,the values of Young’s modulus,Poisson,Debye temperature and minimum thermal conductivity are obtained and they are 218 GPa,0.288,453.5 K and0.99 Wm-1K-1,respectively.The obtained mechanical and thermal properties of NpO2 are in agreement with the previous experimental and theoretical data.Our investigations which are unobtainable from previous report can provide valuable reference in the future.     

The discharge and charge behavior of the Pb-Birnessite in LiOH aqueous solution

0　IntroductionManganeseoxideshavebeenwidelystudiedasbatterycathodesbecauseofitslowcostandlowtoxicity .Muchefforthasbeenfocusedonthespinelphase ,γ MnO2 andse verallayeredmanganeseoxidesinaqueousandnon aqueous .Sothereismuchinterestinmanganeseoxidesforuseascathodematerialsforadvancedlithiumbatteriestoreplacetheexpensivelithiumcobaltornickelsystem .ButthespinelLixMn2 O4hasthelowerratecapabilityandlowertheoreti calcapacityandγ MnO2 hasunsatisfactoryreversibilityinaqueous,thereby ,theiradvant…     

Large scale fabrication of graphene for oil and organic solvent absorption

A simple method for synthesizing highly wrinkled and less layered structure of graphene sheets by using a mechano-thermal exfoliation method was developed. During this process, graphite and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) powders were loaded by milling and followed with heating at a quartz tube under a nitrogen gas flow. The method is facile and easy for scaling up. Consequently, such microstructure merits of structure endowed graphene super strong adsorption ability, which should have great potential for water purification and treatment.