Mineral sulphide-lime reactions and effect of CaO/C mole ratio during carbothermic reduction of complex mineral sulphides

Mineral sulphide (MS)-lime (CaO) ion exchange reactions (MS + CaO = MO + CaS) and the effect of CaO/C mole ratio during carbothermic reduction (MS + CaO + C = M + CaS + CO(g)) were investigated for complex froth flotation mineral sulphide concentrates. Phases in the partially and fully reacted samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The primary phases during mineral sulphide-lime ion exchange reactions are Fe₃O₄, CaSO₄ Cu₂S, and CaS. A complex liquid phase of Ca₂CuFeO₃S forms during mineral sulphide-lime exchange reactions above 1173 K. The formation mechanisms of Ca₂CuFeO₃S liquid phase are determined by characterising the partially reacted samples. The reduction rate and extent of mineral sulphides in the presence of CaO and C increase with the increase in CaO/C ratio. The metallic phases are surrounded by the CaS rich phase at CaO/C > 1, but the metallic phases and CaS are found as separate phases at CaO/C < 1. Experimental results show that the stoichiometric ratio of carbon should be slightly higher than that of CaO. The reactions between CaO and gangue minerals (SiO₂ and Al₂O₃) are only observed at CaO/C > 1 and the reacted samples are excessively sintered.     

Synthesis and structure of Cu5(BTA)6(TTA)4 · 5DMF, a copper-nitrogen cluster containing η Π3-benzotriazolate

The title cluster compound—Cu₅(BTA)₆(TTA)₄·5DMF was prepared using thenyltrifluoroacetone and benzotriazolate ligands. The crystal structure indicates that a tetrahedral array of Cu(1), Cu(2), Cu(3) and Cu(4) ions surrounding a central Cu(5) ion are held together by bridging tridentate BTA^- and terminated by TTA^- bond cap. The three nitrogen atoms of a BTA^- bond three different copper ions to form a η³-benzotriazolate. The central Cu ion has a distorted octahedral structure and the surrounding Cu ions are 5 coordinated forming distorted tetragonal structures. The distances between the surrounding Cu(Ⅱ) ions and the central Cu(Ⅱ) ion are in the range of 0.3561—0.3755 nm and those between the surrounding Cu(Ⅱ) ions are in the range of 0.5785—0.6301 nm.     

新型N-苯甲酰基-脱氢枞胺衍生物的电喷雾离子阱质谱行为研究

利用电喷雾离子阱质谱(ESI-IT-MS)技术,对8个具有潜在杀菌、抗癌生物活性的三类新型N-苯甲酰基-脱氢枞胺衍生物进行了ESI质谱行为研究。结果表明,由于7位、12位及苯甲酰基上取代基的不同,三类衍生物呈现出一定的电离及碎裂特性。在(±)-ESI-MS过程中,7-肟基类衍生物(A)和12-硝基类衍生物(C)比7-羟基类衍生物(B)更易产生二聚体;A易产生[M-H_2O+H]~+,C则更易负离子化。在(+)-ESIMS/MS过程中,A中7-肟基的存在使其易产生特征离子碎裂峰[M-35+H]~+和[M-H_2O+H]~+;A的18位酰基脱水离子峰[M-H_2O+H]~+失去一分子取代苯甲腈产生系列偶数碎裂离子峰;A的7-肟基脱水离子峰[M-H_2O+H]~+失去一分子取代苯甲醛产生系列奇数碎裂离子峰。在(-)-ESI-MS/MS过程中,B比C更稳定,在较高的碰撞能作用下获得的碎裂片段较少;均可通过丢失中性分子N-取代苯甲酰基亚甲胺、取代苯甲醛或取代苯产生系列碎裂离子片段;C的强吸电子基团12-硝基及4'-硝基的存在使其丢失的中性分子易捕获电子而离子化。     

Structural investigation and luminescent properties of BaZr(BO<Subscript>3</Subscript>)2:Eu<Superscript>3+</Superscript> phosphors containing Si

Si⁴⁺-doped BaZr(BO₃)₂:Eu³⁺ phosphors are prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction. The influence of Si⁴⁺ addition on the charge transfer state of Eu³⁺-O^2– and photoluminescence (PL) properties of BaZr(BO₃)₂:Eu³⁺ are discussed. Room temperature PL spectra indicated that efficient emission is obtained by Si doping. Increased values for the peak-peak ratio (PPR) of BaZr(BO₃)₂:Eu³⁺ at higher Si doping concentrations implied that the Eu³⁺ ion is located in a more asymmetric environment in BaZr_0.8Si_0.2(BO₃)₂:Eu³⁺ than in the undoped samples. The Judd-Ofelt parameters Ω_λ (λ=2,4) were calculated from the PL data, giving results that were consistent with those from the PPR. The maximum radiative quantum efficiency was achieved at a Si doping concentration of 20 mol%.     

Summer monsoon and dust signals recorded in the Dasuopu firn core, central Himalayas

In September 1997, a 15-m firn core was recovered from an elevation of 7 000 m a. s.l. from the Dasuopu Glacier in the central Himalayas. The analysis of δ18O values and major ion (Ca2+ , Mg2+ , NH4+ , SO42- and NO3-) concentrations shows that average annual accumulation is 0.75 m (water equivalent) in the Dasuopu firn core. The seasonal variations of δ18O values and major ion concentrations in the core indicate that present summer monsoon and dust signals are recorded with high-resolution in the Dasuopu Glacier. δ18O in precipitation are controlled by amount effect in summer monsoon season, more negative δ18O is representative of summer monsoon signal in snow layers. Higher concentrations of Ca2+ , Mg2+ , SO42- and NO3-are dominated by spring dust storm imput derived from the arid and semi-arid desert regions in central Asia. Also EOF analysis verifies that high spring concentrations of major ions are consistent. Due to the possibly different sources, the secondary variations of NH4+ and NO3- are negatively relevant with that of Ca2+ and Mg2+ .     

Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence properties of CaLaGa<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>7</Subscript>:Eu<Superscript>3+</Superscript> phosphors

The CaLaGa₃O₇:Eu³⁺ phosphor was prepared by a chemical co-precipitation method. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), laser particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra were utilized to characterize the synthesized phosphor. The results revealed that the phosphor was composed of microspheres with a slight agglomerate phenomenon and was spherically shaped. The average grain size was about 1.0 μm. Eu³⁺ ions, as luminescent centers, substituted La³⁺ ions into the single crystal lattice of CaLaGa₃O₇ with the sites of C_s. Although the CL spectrum was greatly different from the PL spectrum, it had the strongest red emission corresponding to the ⁵D₀ →⁷F₂ transition of Eu³⁺. Under the excitation of UV light (287 nm) and electron beams (1.0–7.0 kV), the chromaticity coordinates of the phosphor were found to be in the nearly red and orange light regions, respectively.     

Effects of metal ions on recombinant calcineurin A subunit

Effects of metal ions on activities and solution conformations of calcineurin A subunit have been examined. The ability of several metal ions to activate calcineurin A has been tested with Ni²⁺> Mn²⁺> Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺. The corresponding CD spectra and intrinsic fluorescent emission spectra show that calcineurin A exists in different metal ion-dependent conformation states. Effects of the different concentritions of Ni²⁺ on activities and solution conformations of calcineurin A have been tested too. Results indicate that effects of these metal ions to activate calcineurin are due to their conformational changes.     

Molecule modification and mass deposition induced by the implantation of low energy Fe+ ion beams into amino acids

Fe⁺ ion beams with the energy of 110 keV were implanted into films of L(+)-cysteine (HSCH₂CH(NH₂)COOH). One of the single crystals grown in hydrochloric acid solution with the implanted samples through slow evaporation was structurally characterized by the X-ray crystallography. The crystal is monoclinic, space group C2, with a = 1.8534(4) nm, b = 0.5234(1) nm, c = 0.7212(1) nm, β= 103.72°, V = 0.67965(3) nm³, Z = 4, F(000) = 144.0, D{clac} = 1.763 g · cm⁻³, μ(MoK _a = 1.06 mm⁻¹, T = 293(2) K. R = 0.0379, wR = 0.0835 for 660 observed reflections (I > 2σ(I)). The structural formula of the crystal compound is (CH₂CH(NH₂)NO₂)ClFe (M _r = 180.38 u). Products of heavy ion beam irradiation were purified and it was directly confirmed that the implanted Fe⁺ ions had been deposited in the novel molecules. The same doses of Fe⁺ ion beams of the same energy were implanted into films of L(+)-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate. FTIR spectroscopy of the implanted samples proved that some of the original molecules were seriously damaged and significant modifications were induced.     

Effects of anions on the biosorption of microelement cations by macroalga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Enteromorpha prolifera</Emphasis> in single- and multi-metal systems

The results of research on the effects of anions on the biosorption of microelement cations by the edible marine macroalga Enteromorpha prolifera in singleand multi-metal systems are discussed in this paper. It was shown that the maximum biosorption capacity (qmax) in a single-metal system of Co(II) ions decreased in the following sequence: Cl- (46.0 mg g-1) > SO42- (42.8 mg g-1) > NO3- (41.9 mg g-1). In multi-metal systems, in which the ratios of Cl-, NO3-, and SO42- were 0:0:4, 1:1:2, 3:0:1, and 4:0:0, there were clear differences among the biosorption capacities. In all the examined systems (other than the 0:0:4 system), inhibition of the binding of microelement cations by the macroalga was observed. In all the systems, the highest value of qmax was obtained for Cu(II) cations; the value ranged from 31.9 mg g-1 in 0:0:4 (SO42- only) to 18.2 mg g-1 in 4:0:0 (Cl-only).     

金属离子对钢在没食子酸/硫酸介质中的腐蚀行为研究

 用失重法研究了4种金属离子(Na⁺,Zn²⁺,Cu²⁺,Fe³⁺)在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄以及500 mg/L没食子酸+0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄介质中在20℃对冷轧钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:Cu²⁺对钢的腐蚀起抑制作用;而其余3种金属离子(Na⁺,Zn²⁺,Fe³⁺)对钢的腐蚀起加速作用.在相同条件下,冷轧钢在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄溶液中的腐蚀速率顺序为:Cu²⁺2++3+;而在500 mg/L没食子酸+0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄介质中,腐蚀速率顺序为:Cu²⁺2+3++.     

Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence properties of a novel CaLaGa307：Dy3＋ phosphor

A single host white emitting phosphor, CaLaGa3O7:Dy3+, was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, laser particle size analysis, and photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence spectra were used to investigate the structural and optical properties of the phosphor. The phosphor particles were composed of microspheres with a slight tendency to agglomerate, and an average diameter was of about 1.0 μm. The Dy3+ ions acted as luminescent centers, and substituted La3+ ions in the single crystal lattice of CaLaGa3O7 where they were located in Cs sites. Under excitation with ultraviolet light and a low voltage electron beam, the CaLaGa3O7:Dy3+ phosphor exhibited the characteristic emission of Dy3+ (4F9/2-6H15/2 and 4F9/2-6H13/2 transitions) with intense yellow emission at about 573 nm. The chromaticity coordinates for the phosphor were in the white region. The relevant luminescence mechanisms of the phosphor are investigated. This phosphor may be applied in both field emission displays and white light-emitting diodes.     

GeLi62+团簇的结构及储氢性能研究

利用密度泛函B3LYP理论在6-311+G(d,p)基组水平上研究四价锗负离子经过6个一价锂正离子修饰后的结构和电子特征,并计算了H2分子在其表面的吸附行为,进而研究其储氢性能。结果表明,由6个Li离子修饰锗离子形成GeLi_6~(2+)团簇结构具有较高的动力学稳定性。GeLi_6~(2+)团簇表面最多能够有效吸附18个氢分子,其质量密度为24.10wt%。H2分子与GeLi_6~(2+)团簇的相互作用能量范围为2.14～4.004k Cal.mol-1。储氢性能研究表明GeLi_6~(2+)团簇在储氢领域有望具有良好的应用前景。     

Mn-ion-enhanced red spectral emission from yttrium aluminum garnet doped cerium phosphor

Mnions were co-doped in yttrium aluminum garnet doped cerium(YAG:Ce) phosphors as a co-activator and host lattice element using the co-precipitation method.These ions broadened the emission spectra of the pure YAG:Ce phosphor,which is caused by the 2E-4A2,5E-5T2 or 1T2-5T2 transition.From our X-ray diffraction results,we observed that Ce3+(1.032 ) was substituted at the Y3+(0.900 ) site,and Mn4+(0.538 ) and Mn3+(0.67 ) were substituted at the Al3+(0.535 ) site.The chromaticity color co-ordinates of YAG:Ce0.06 is(0.203,0.167),and the indices of YAG:Ce0.06,Mn0.04 and YAG:Ce0.06,Mn0.08 are(0.249,0.181) and(0.233,0.194),respectively.The manganese co-doped yttrium aluminum garnet doped cerium blended with the YAG:Ce phosphor showed improved white light emission.     

Heteroseneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide on mineral oxides

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide （OCS） on mineral oxides including SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, ZnO and TiO2, which are the main components of atmospheric particles, were investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy （in situ DRIFTS）, ion chromatography （IC）, temperature-programmed desorption （TPD）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） methods. The main products and intermediates of the heterogeneous oxidation of OCS on these oxides were identified with in situ DRIFTS and IC. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were also discussed. It is found that the reaction mechanism on these mineral oxides is the same as that on Al2O3 for the same final products and the intermediates at room temperature. Namely, OCS can be catalytically oxidized to produce surface SO4^2- species and gaseous CO2 through the surface hydrogen thiocarbonate （HSCO2-） and HSO; species. The activity series for heterogeneous oxidation of OCS follows： Al2O3 ≈ CaO 〉 MgO 〉 TiO2 ≈ ZnO 〉 Fe2O3 〉 SiO2. The specific area, basic hydroxyl and surface basicity of these oxides have effect on the reactivity. This study suggests that heterogeneous reactions of OCS on mineral dust may be an unneglectable sink of OCS.     

NO adsorption study on the distribution of Ni2 + ions on the various micro-environments of carriers

The decrease of the electron density in the d orbits of Ni2+ ions, resulting from the disturbance of micro-environments in which Ni2+ ions are located, makes the frequency of adsorbed NO shift higher. The shift degree is determined mainly by the property of the microenvi-ronments. When Ni2+ ions are located on SII , SII · (SI ·) sites of Y zeolite or on the surface of γ-alumina, their NO adsorption gives rise to IR bands at 1 905, 1 900 and 1 855-1 875 cm-1, respectively. The distribution of Ni2 + ions on the various micro-environments of USY zeolite, AI2O3 and MS mixed carrier has also been discussed according to the different frequencies of adsorbed NO, as well as the influence of NiO loading.     

Cu2+对UV-nTiO2光催化降解抗生素的影响研究

Cu2+是环境中常见二价金属离子,但其对光催化降解抗生素废水的影响有待探明.为此,构建UV-nTiO2体系并探究Cu2+共存下三类抗生素(磺胺类抗生素、氯霉素类抗生素及四环素类抗生素)的光催化降解特性.结果表明,Cu2+可显著影响抗生素光催化降解且呈"低浓度促进,高浓度抑制"效应.当Cu2+浓度介于0.001～0.03...     

Subsolidus phase relations in the system MgO-ZnO-SiO2 at high pressure

The subsolidus phase relations were determined experimentally in the system MgO-ZnO-SiO2 at 1.0 GPa and 1 200℃, by use of the high-pressure apparatus "piston-cylinder". The results showed characteristics of the phases assemblage different from that in similar ternary systems. It is impossible to form complete Mg2SiO4-Zn2SiO4 olivine and Mg2Si2O6-Zn2Si2O6 pyroxene solid solution. This is controlled by the properties of Zn2+ with an outer layer of electron (Ar)3d10, different from others transition metal ions, like Fe2+ , Ni2+ , Co2+ .     

Laser cooling using anti-stokes fluorescence in Yb3+-doped fluorozirconate glasses

The fluorozirconate glasses ZBLANP (ZrF₄−BaF₂−LaF₃−NaF−PbF₂) doped with different Yb³⁺ concentration were prepared. The Raman spectra and absorption spectra are measured to substantiate the existence of phonon-assisted emission. After analyzing the normalized absorption spectra of samples with different Yb³⁺-doped concentration, we calculated the maximum cooling effect in the 3 wt% Yb³⁺-doped sample pumped at 1 012.5 nm. The corresponding cooling capability is about −4.09 °C/W and the cooling efficiency reaches 1.76%. Foundation item: Supported by the Key Science Foundation of Wuhan (9601P0223) Biography: Xu Tian-ming (1978-), female, Master candidate, research direction: information optics and nonlinear optics.     

亚相金属离子对两亲8—氨基喹啉配体成膜性能的影响

目的：为研制有机纳米的光电器件。方法：设计合成了一种新含长链烷基的8-氨基喹啉衍生物,2-十二烷基丙二酸二（8-氨基喹啉）酰胺（H2A）两亲配体,研究了亚相不同金属离子对其成膜性能的影响,特别是不同浓度的亚相Cu^2 和不同铜盐对H2A成膜性能的影响。结果：Cu^2 离子对H2A具有特殊的配位作用。结论：新型配体与铜离子的特殊配体作用,可使其单分子膜或多层膜在化学传感器方面存在潜地的应用前景。     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of Eu3+, Sm3+ doped (YxGd1-x)2O3:Si4+, Mg2+ long-lasting phosphor

A novel red long-lasting phosphor, (Y_1−x Gd _x )₂O₃:Eu³⁺, Sm³⁺, Si⁴⁺, Mg²⁺, was synthesized by the co-precipitation method using oxalate precipitation as the precursor. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), integrated thermal analyzer (TG), and photoluminescence spectra (PL) as well as the ST-900PM weak light photometer were used to study the synthesis conditions, morphology, luminescence properties, and the decay time of the phosphor. The XRD results show that the products synthesized at 1400°C for 4 h have good crystallization without any detectable impurity phases. Based on the PL spectra, the optimal conditions are as the following. The molar ratios of Y³⁺ to Gd³⁺ and Eu³⁺ to Sm³⁺ are 2:8 and 3:1, respectively, and the contents of Mg²⁺ and SiO₂ are 5mol% and 3mol%, respectively. The decay time monitored by the ST-900PM weak light photometer is 7200 s, increasing 44% and 100%, respectively, compared with the Eu³⁺ and Sm³⁺ single-doped phosphors. The results indicate that the energy transfer is from Sm³⁺ to Eu³⁺ ion, and Sm³⁺ is a good sensitizer to Eu³⁺.