不同坡度单体山丘风速地形修正系数与 越山风效应风洞试验研究

为了研究不同坡度单体山丘风速地形修正系数与越山风效应对输电塔线结构的影响,对比了国内外5种规范取值与风洞试验测试结果,分析了不同坡度山丘山顶位置和迎、背、侧风坡面风速地形修正系数,并探讨了山丘风场竖向风速分量与紊流度变化特性.研究结果表明:5种规范中我国建筑结构荷载规范与高耸结构设计规范对不同坡度山丘山顶处的风速地形修正系数的取值最大;山顶位置风速地形修正系数并非完全随坡度增大而增加,坡度大于0.577之后达到1时,风速地形修正系数反而减小;现有的拟合公式计算山丘表面区域的侧风坡风速修正系数取值偏小,而计算上部区域的风速修正系数取值却明显偏大;山体坡度越大则竖向风速分量极大值反而越小,三类坡度山丘在迎风坡和背风坡测试的最大竖向风速分量与参考来流风速的比值分别为0.523和-0.542;山体坡度越大则表面紊流度越大,特别是陡峭山坡背风侧紊流度比较大,坡度为1时山丘背风侧0.6倍山体高度处的紊流度可高达35%.     

街道峡谷内颗粒物扩散沉积的数值模拟研究

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术,模拟分析了孤立街道峡谷内气流运动和颗粒物的扩散沉积.计算中选取中低来流风速(3,5,10 m/s)和高来流风速(20 m/s),颗粒粒径范围为0.01～10μm.得到了峡谷内气流速度场、颗粒运动轨迹和颗粒在建筑物不同表面及地面上的沉积率.结果表明,颗粒在地面上的沉积率明显高于在建筑物各表面上的沉积率;来流风速一定时颗粒在峡谷迎风面、背风面、建筑物屋顶及地面上的沉积率都对粒径的变化不敏感,中低风速范围内颗粒在建筑物各表面和地面的沉积率都对风速变化不敏感;在峡谷迎风面及地面上,颗粒在高风速下的沉积率明显大于中低风速下的沉积率,而在峡谷背风面及建筑物屋顶上,颗粒在高风速下的沉积率明显低于中低风速下的沉积率;在中低风速下,颗粒在背风面的沉积率高于在迎风面的沉积率,而在高风速下,颗粒在背风面的沉积率却低于在迎风面的沉积率.     

包兰铁路沙坡头段防护体系近地面流场特征

基于地形和流场实测，研究了包兰铁路沙坡头段铁路防护体系近地面流场沿NNW-SSE方向的变化．结果表明，由于地形变化以及人工植被和草方格的存在，防护带内等风速线沿风向呈逐渐变疏和抬高的趋势，各高度的风速总体上呈递减趋势，风速放大率为负；沙丘迎风坡风速放大率为正，流动沙丘迎风坡风速放大率高于固定沙丘迎风坡．沙丘背风坡2．5m高度内风速放大率总体为负．防护带内的固定沙丘背风坡气流通体减速，各高度的风速放大率全部为负，平均为一1．48％／m．防护带内地表空气动力学特征发生变化，其中沙丘迎风坡地表风速廓线接近于对数率；人工植被带地表空气动力学粗糙度显著高于流沙区．     

栅栏沙丘表面流场的二维数值模拟

数值模拟是研究风沙地貌形态动力学和风沙工程工作原理的有效途径.本文利用数值模拟方法,通过对比不同的迎风坡度以及迎风坡上部设置阻沙栅栏条件下的沙丘近地面流场特征,讨论了沙区道路防护体系前沿"栅栏沙丘"形成发育的流场条件.结果表明,随沙丘迎风坡坡度增大,背风坡回流区变高、变长,且坡度15°后背风坡回流区流场基本不再变化.沙丘迎风坡阻沙栅栏的影响主要体现在气流的提前分离及其背风侧小涡的形成,回流区范围因叠加而变得更高、更远.这种流场变化特征对沙丘表面风沙过程具有显著影响,是形态趋于高大、断面趋于对称的栅栏沙丘形成发展的原因所在.     

新月形沙丘表面流场的数值模拟

利用商用CFD流体计算软件FLUENT,对新月形沙丘流场进行数值模拟,得到沙丘表面气流结构;分析了迎风坡气流加速、背风坡回流区长度与沙丘高度、来流风速之间的关系。结果表明:沙丘高度是影响迎风坡气流加速的主要因素,沙丘高度越高,迎风坡气流加速越大,而来流风速对迎风坡气流加速的影响与沙丘高度比较,是小量可以忽略不计;回流区长度与沙丘高度的比值随着高度的增加而增加。     

低矮建筑非定常绕流大涡模拟影响因素研究

掌握结构周围风场及其特性,是开展建筑结构抗风设计的基础。借助采用大涡模拟（LES）的方法,对低矮建筑非定常绕流进行了大涡数值模拟研究,分别分析了不同运算时间、建筑物不同高度处及不同风速因素,对低矮建筑非定常绕流特性的影响。结果表明：（1）随着时间的增加,建筑物迎风侧的速度和压力均增大,背风侧的压力出现了负值,速度最小值出现在背风侧的涡中心位置;（2）随着建筑物高度逐渐增加,涡的位置逐渐向上偏移,由于风速比较均匀,当遇到建筑物时,在建筑物迎风侧,速度流线会形成一种上升的趋势,背风侧的压力逐渐增加;（3）随着风速的增加,建筑物的背风侧出现了大涡且速度逐渐增大,背风侧的压力最小值逐渐减小。     

起伏地形对风场风速的影响

风流经山地区域时,起伏地形会显著改变风速的大小.研究起伏地形对风速的影响,对合理布置风力机具有重要意义.采用数值模拟和实验研究的方法,对一个山脊和两个山脊两种模型对来流风速的影响进行研究.结果表明:来流经过单独山脊2时,山脊底部的风速相对于来流明显减小,山脊顶部风速明显增大,最大风速出现在山脊背风面高于山顶的地方.山脊1使山脊2背风面来流方向风速减小,山脊顶部的来流方向风速增大.在山脊背风面靠近山顶的地方适合布置风力机.     

坡度对三维山丘风场特性及绕流机理分析

为研究坡度对山丘地形风场特性的影响,采用基于空间平均的大涡模拟方法进行了非定常绕流数值模拟研究。首先,通过与试验结果的对比,验证了模拟方法及参数的有效性;然后,研究了15°、21.8°、30°和45°四种坡度对山丘的近地绕流平均和脉动风速场的影响,着重从时均和瞬态流场角度进行了影响机理分析;最后,分析了坡度对地形加速效应的影响,并与不同国家规范结果进行了对比。结果表明：大涡模拟方法可以较有效地模拟不同坡度山丘的平均和脉动风速特性;不同坡度山丘迎风面处的平均和脉动风速场的变化规律基本一致,差异主要在山顶和背风面处。在山顶位置,随着坡度的增加,脉动风逐渐增大,以坡度30°为界,山顶处的流向平均风速呈现先减小后增大的趋势,背风面流动分离点逐渐向下游移动,引起涡旋中心位置逐渐向下游移动且远离山丘壁面。在背风面山腰近壁区,以坡度30°为界,当坡度较低时,随着坡度增大旋涡尺度不断增大,旋涡尾迹变宽,能量逐渐集中,流向平均风速逐渐减小,脉动风速逐渐增大;坡度大于该值时变化趋势则相反。不同坡度的地形加速效应趋势基本类似,主要差异在近壁区,结合各国规范本文给出了不同坡度地形加速效应的最大值曲线。     

双幅式梁桥挡风障阻风性能影响参数分析

以某跨海双幅式桥梁为工程背景,开展基于实际桥梁的挡风障模型风洞试验.以车道风速折减系数为阻风性能评价指标,采用正交试验方法,研究挡风障安装片数、来流风偏角、来流风速、圆孔组合方式等参数对双幅式桥梁桥面风场影响,并开展挡风障阻风性能影响参数分析.试验结果表明,迎风侧车道风速折减系数大于靠近背风侧车道,风速折减系数差值随着方案阻风性能提升而增加,最大达0.37;挡风障安装片数、来流风偏角、圆孔组合方式对挡风障阻风性能影响显著,来流风速对迎风侧车道等效风速折减系数影响较大,对背风侧车道等效风速折减系数无明显影响;各因素对迎风侧及背风侧车道阻风性能影响程度均有较大差异.安装片数对双幅式桥梁靠近迎风侧车道桥面风场影响较小,而对靠近背风侧车道影响较大,且其与来流风偏角及风速的交互作用不明显.     

基于CFD的油罐群风环境数值模拟

采用 RNG k-ε湍流模型,建立油罐群风环境模型.利用CFD软件FLUENT6.3对油罐群风环境进行模拟.研究结果表明:1)油罐群的流场呈对称分布,在迎风面,距离油罐群越近,风速逐渐减小;而在油罐群的两侧,风速增加;在油罐群的正后方形成了负压区,风速减小.2)油罐表面周围温度变化较大,但油罐群对周围大气热环境影响较小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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