太阳墙冬季供热特性

为获得特朗勃墙的供热特性,采用理论分析方法,研究冬季自然通风量、空气循环供热量、墙体导热供热量随太阳辐射强度和室内外温差的变化规律.结果表明:当室内外温差一定时,自然通风量随太阳辐射强度的增大先减小后增大,而空气循环供热量和墙体导热供热量随太阳辐射强度的增大而呈线性增大;当太阳辐射强度一定时,自然通风量和空气循环供热量随室内外温差的增大而呈线性增大,而墙体导热供热量受室内外温差的影响很小.最后采用线性回归方法,获得室内总供热量的计算模型.该成果对预测特朗勃墙冬季供热量有一定的参考价值和指导意义.     

太阳能烟囱强化自然通风的研究现状

 自然通风是一种节能的被动式通风冷却技术,其原理是在由温差引起的热压或风压的作用下驱动室内空间的空气自然流动,与机械通风相比,自然通风具有显著的节能优点。太阳能烟囱利用太阳辐射加热烟囱通道内的空气,提高温差,从而强化自然通风。本研究介绍了太阳能集热墙体(Trombe)式和倾斜集热板屋顶式两种典型太阳能烟囱的结构及其强化自然通风的基本原理。详细讨论了影响太阳能烟囱通风性能的主要因素,并介绍国内外学者对太阳能烟囱的主要研究方法和相关研究成果。太阳能烟囱的高度和深度(玻璃盖板与集热墙的间距)影响烟囱内空气的温升以及空气的自然对流的流动特点,从而影响了太阳能烟囱的自然通风流量。空气流量随着烟囱深度的增加而增加,但烟囱深度超过一定值后空气流量不增反减。当烟囱的深高比超过2.5后,烟囱出口端会出现逆流,从而抑制了通风量的增加。集热墙的结构以及倾斜角度对太阳能烟囱自然通风效果的影响与地理位置和气候条件等因素有关。研究太阳能烟囱自然通风的理论方法包括基于能量平衡分析的模型和基于计算流体力学的数值模拟。分析了太阳能烟囱自然通风研究中需要改进的问题。     

相变蓄热材料导热系数对太阳能通风墙性能的影响

通过对相变蓄热型太阳能烟囱模型通风蓄放热变化过程的计算,分析比较不同相变蓄热墙导热系数对太阳能烟囱性能的影响.计算结果表明:吸热板最大表面温度随着相变蓄热墙导热系数的增大越接近相变蓄热墙的相变温度;蓄热阶段,入口平均风速随着相变蓄热墙导热系数的增大而减小;放热阶段,入口平均风速随着相变蓄热墙导热系数的增大反而越大;相变蓄热墙导热系数越大,蓄热型太阳能烟囱系统16 h的累计通风量越高,但在导热系数增大到0.66 W·(m·K)^-1后,再增大材料导热系数,累计通风量几乎不再增加.     

内置格栅诱导通道的太阳能通风墙性能

提出一种利用太阳能和风能实现室内自然通风的新型内置格栅诱导通道的太阳能通风墙模型,通过三维数值模拟研究在不同室外风速和太阳辐射强度下结构参数对其通风性能的影响.结果表明,内置格栅诱导通道可以有效利用室外风形成对太阳能通风墙主通道内气流的诱导作用而强化自然通风;该太阳能通风墙通风量随格栅间距与格栅高度比值的增加先增大后减小,存在最佳比值使通风量最大;随着风诱导通道宽度与主通道宽度比值的增加,不同室外风速下的通风量均呈先增大后减小的变化趋势.     

新疆严寒地区石河子市供暖末期主被动结合式太阳房供暖的试验研究

为研究石河子市供暖末期主被动结合式太阳房各系统运行情况及其对室内热环境的影响,本文对新疆严寒地区石河子市供暖末期主被动结合式太阳房进行试验研究。结果表明:晴朗天气时,该供暖系统平均每天供热量为78. 15 MJ,其中,主动式太阳能采暖系统占比为70. 5%,集热墙系统占比为29. 5%;主被动结合式太阳房无需开启辅助热源就能满足供暖需求,标准煤节约量为3. 35 kg/d,CO_2减排可达8. 35 kg/d,节能效果显著。由此本文得出以下结论:集热墙系统的空气间层作为一个缓冲空间,对于调节室内热环境具有积极作用。     

相变蓄热式太阳能低温地板辐射采暖系统的性能实验

设计一套以 作为蓄热介质的相变蓄热式太阳能低温地板辐射采暖系统,该系统在阳光充足时直接利用太阳能供暖,同时将多余的太阳能储存,用于夜间和阴雨天供暖,使太阳能可作为地板采暖系统的稳定热源;在太阳能较弱的条件下对供水进行预热,配合使用电加热器,从而降低地板采暖系统的能耗。通过对实验供暖房间进行性能测试,结果表明该系统能使室内平均温度保持在18℃左右,并且在没有太阳辐射的情况下也能维持室温12h。     

西藏地区太阳能、毛细管网采暖系统应用分析

在日照特别充足的地区使用太阳能作为空调的热源能节能60％,太阳能粟暖系统包括集热系统、蓄热系统、辅助热源系统、室内采暖系统、控制系统;毛细管网具有热效率高、节能、舒适度高、方便施工、寿命长等优点,室内使用毛细管网将更大程度的节省运行费用。     

相变蓄热式太阳能低温地板辐射采暖系统性能实验

设计了一套以CaCl2·6H2O作为蓄热介质的相变蓄热式太阳能低温地板辐射采暖系统,该系统在阳光充足时直接利用太阳能供暖,同时将多余的太阳能储存,用于夜间和阴雨天供暖,使太阳能可作为地板采暖系统的稳定热源;在太阳能较弱的条件下对供水进行预热,配合使用电加热器,从而降低地板采暖系统的能耗。通过对实验供暖房间进行性能测试,结果表明该系统能使室内平均温度保持在18℃左右,并且在没有太阳辐射的情况下也能维持室温12 h。     

被动式太阳能结合相变墙在苏北自然通风环境下的应用研究

通过建立实体的模型房间,选择寒冷的冬季和炎热的夏季两种环境,对被动式太阳能建筑结合相变墙体的综合应用状态进行了模拟研究,获得了太阳能集热墙、相变墙体等结构的表面温度及室内温度参数,利用动态热网络分析法,建立综合考虑建筑内部舒适度的4种运行工况,通过对比分析的方法,验证了由被动式太阳能建筑结合相变墙体的实验房具有冬暖夏凉的功能。在炎热的夏季,相变墙发挥了蓄冷作用,同时太阳能集热墙的被动通风,使得实验房内白天温度较普通房有所下降;在寒冷的冬季,白天太阳能集热墙的吸热与相变材料的蓄热,使得实验房内夜晚温度较普通房有所上升,从而实现实验房冬暖夏凉的功能。     

层式通风房间垂直温度分布预测方法

基于层式通风房间室内空气流动特性建立了室内垂直温度分布预测模型.该模型将室内空气流动特性与热质平衡方程有机结合,并反映了室内热源强度、墙体辐射及送风参数等边界条件对室内垂直温度分布的影响.通过将模型计算结果与实验数据进行对比分析,发现室内垂直温度预测值与实验数据吻合较好,并在趋势上反映出层式通风房间室内垂直温度的变化特征.因此,本文提出的模型具有较好的预测精度,能够很好地用来指导层式通风系统的实际应用及能耗分析.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with