基于开行距离的铁路旅客候车时间分布规律

铁路旅客候车时间分布规律是研究铁路旅客集散行为特征的基础. 基于北京南站旅客平均候车时间与列车开行距离正相关,研究列车开行距离对旅客候车时间分布的影响. 针对7组不同开行距离列车的旅客候车时间,运用对数正态分布模型进行拟合研究,发现参数 μ 和 σ 与列车开行距离 l 分别服从线性函数和对数函数关系并拟合标定,建立了关于开行距离的旅客候车时间分布函数 g(t)=ξ(l). 将该模型应用于候车室(厅)旅客到达强度预测,结果表明列车开行距离之间的差异性可影响铁路客运站旅客到达强度,验证了该模型的有效性.     

两参数BS疲劳寿命分布的拟合检验以及环境因子的近似区间估计

两参数Birnbaum-Saunders(BS)疲劳寿命分布是概率物理方法中的一个重要的失效模型,它比常用的寿命分布,如威布尔分布、对数正态分布,更适合描述某些由疲劳引起失效的产品的寿命规律,其主要应用于对疲劳失效以及电子产品性能退化失效的分析研究.在全样本场合,利用徐晓岭等的研究中刻度参数的对数矩估计的性质,构造了两参数BS疲劳寿命分布拟合检验的检验统计量,并通过3个实例说明拟合检验方法的应用性.给出了两种求两参数BS疲劳寿命分布环境因子近似区间估计的新方法,通过Monte Carlo模拟与原有的方法进行了比较,发现利用对数正态近似的方法优势明显,并通过一个算例说明方法的应用性.     

矿用钢丝绳寿命分布及可靠性

研究了矿用钢丝绳的使用寿命问题。用柯尔莫哥洛夫检验法检验寿命数据是否服从正态分布及对数正态分布,用最小二乘法(MIS)检验是否服从Weibull分布,并对Weibull分布的三参数进行估计,给出了三参数的置信区间及钢丝绳使用过程的可靠度。     

混凝土抗压疲劳寿命概率模型试验研究

对27个强度为 C30、尺寸为150 mm×150 mm×300 mm 的混凝土棱柱体试件进行了疲劳寿命试验,推导了利用小样本数据对对数正态分布和三参数 Weibull 分布进行参数估计的方法。基于试验数据,利用相关系数优化法,分别用对数正态分布和三参数 Weibull 分布对混凝土疲劳寿命的概率模型进行拟合,回归得到其分布参数,从而确定了 C30混凝土疲劳寿命概率模型。运用得到的混凝土疲劳寿命模型对算例进行了疲劳可靠度的计算。拟合的结果表明,混凝土疲劳寿命基于这两种概率分布模型都拟合较好,但三参数Weibull 分布拟合精度更高。对混凝土疲劳损伤的研究表明,混凝土结构疲劳累积损伤所对应的可靠度随加载周期大致呈现二次抛物线下降的趋势,混凝土结构的疲劳损伤随着加载周期的增加而发展得越来越迅速。     

宝天曼自然保护区天然次生林林分直径分布规律研究

以宝天曼天然次生林32块样地的调查数据为依据,分别以正态分布、对数正态分布,Weibull分布,Beta分布,Gamma分布拟合及预测宝天曼自然保护区天然次生林10种主要乔木树种直径分布,并对其适用性进行分析、比较,选出最适合于拟合及预测该林分直径结构的分布.同时应用三种直径分布特征数对直径分布规律进行分析.结果表明:Beta分布与Weibull分布均可以较好地描述宝天曼天然次生林主要乔木树种的直径分布;大多数树种偏度为偏左,峰度值为正.     

四川桤木人工林林分结构规律研究

以光泽四川桤木人工林林5块样地资料为依据，应用正态分布、对数正态分布、Weibull分布、分布、分布拟合及光泽四川桤木人工林林胸径及树高分布的适用性进行分析、比较，选出最适合于拟合及预测该林分结构的分布，并用卡方统计量对5种分布进行检验，结果表明：正态分布和分布描述正态分布的直径及树高分布效果最好。     

增强纤维复合材力学性能指标概率分布类型

为明确增强纤维复合材(FRP)力学性能指标的概率分布模型,通过收集整理近1 000份FRP材性试验样本,利用3种拟合优度检验方法口(x2检验、K-S检验、A-D检验)分析FRP极限拉伸强度、弹性模量、厚度的概率分布类型,并检验各指标间的相关性,基于Weibull分布函数重新定义FRP拉伸强度的标准值,将计算值与现行规范取值进行对比.研究结果表明:极限抗拉强度与弹性模量近似服从Weibull分布;厚度近似服从对数正态分布,同时3个指标间呈现一定的弱相关性.采用经验证的Weibull分布函数计算公式可较好估计材性标准值,计算结果较各规范更为合理、安全.     

细粒煤粒度分布特性的研究

利用常见粒度分布模型和广义正态分布模型,对18组细粒煤筛分数据进行了拟合。拟合结果表明,广义正态分布模型比正态分布模型和对数正态分布模型更适于描述细粒煤的粒度分布特性,但其拟合效果不如Rosin-Rammler(R-R)模型,各模型按对18组数据拟合结果的R2Adj(调整的拟合优度)之和由大到小依次为:R-R模型>广义正态分布模型>Alfred模型>G-S模型>对数正态模型>正态分布模型。通过对各组细粒煤筛分数据和拟合结果的分析,提出了A、B、C和D 4类细粒煤粒度分布,讨论了各分布模型对4类粒度分布的适应情况,并论述了4类粒度分布在评价细粒煤分级效果和分析粒度效应对重选影响中的应用。针对液固分选流化床的典型入料粒度范围,分析了0.25~1mm细粒煤粒度分布特点,确定出在描述0.25~1mm细粒煤粒度分布时,R-R模型中两个参数存的二次函数关系。     

关帝山天然次生针叶林林隙大小模型研究

对关帝山3种天然林(华北落叶松、云杉、油松林)林隙大小进行实地调查,通过对实测数据的分析与研究可得：3种林分的林隙(冠层林隙CG、扩展林隙EG)大小都有差异,其中各种林分CG的大小主要集中在0～100 m2之间,以云杉林最大,其次是油松林,华北落叶松林最小。 EG的大小主要集中在50~100 m2之间,以油松林最大,其次是云杉林,华北落叶松最小;对林分CG及EG大小分布进行了拟合,结果发现正态分布模型、对数正态分布模型及Weibull分布模型都可以对3种林分CG、EG林隙大小进行拟合;最后通过复相关系数对3种分布拟合模型进行了优度比较,结果为对数正态分布的拟合精度更高。     

分组型数据的产品可靠性的近似极大似然估计

给出了单参数指数,两参数指数,两参数Weibull及两参数对数正态分布型产品在基于分组型数据下参数的近似极大似然估计。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-