聚吡咯负载碘催化合成咪唑类化合物

以聚吡咯负载碘(PPY/I₂)作催化剂，苯偶酰、苯甲醛与乙酸铵为原料，合成了7种咪唑类化合物。通过单因素变量原则，筛选出最佳反应条件：以PPY/I₂作催化剂，正丁醇作溶剂，原料摩尔比为n_苯偶酰∶n_苯甲醛∶n_乙酸铵=1∶2∶8,催化剂用量为苯偶酰的15.0%mmol,在磁力搅拌下回流3 h,得到三取代咪唑的产率可达93.1%。该反应具有高效、绿色环保、催化剂可循环利用等优点。     

V2O5/ZrO2-Al2O3催化甲醇选择性氧化合成二甲氧基甲烷

采用浸渍法制备了V₂O₅质量分数不同的V₂O₅/Al₂O₃催化剂,采用Zr对Al₂O₃载体进行改性并应用于催化甲醇选择性氧化制备二甲氧基甲烷(DMM)的反应中。经X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见分光光谱(UV-Vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和NH₃程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)表征分析,结果表明:与单一Al₂O₃负载的钒基催化剂相比,Zr改性提高了钒氧化物的分散性与稳定性,加强了催化剂中各组分间的相互作用,有效调变了催化剂的酸性和氧化性,进而提高了DMM的选择性。考察了反应条件对甲醇选择性氧化制备DMM的影响,最佳反应温度为175 ℃,经20%V₂O₅/12%ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化氧化,甲醇转化率为27.9%,DMM选择性为99.9%。     

钒含量和焙烧温度对V2O5/TiO2催化剂物理和化学性质的影响

 V₂O₅/TiO₂催化剂中活性组分状态对催化性能影响很大,影响活性组分状态主要是活性组分含量以及在不同温度下的焙烧.本文通过溶胶-凝胶法制备V₂O₅/TiO₂催化剂,运用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、氮吸附/脱附(BET)、X射线光电子谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱(Raman Spectroscopy)和透射电镜(TEM)对所制备的催化剂进行了结构表征.XRD和TEM表明定量掺杂活性组分可以提高催化剂的热稳定性,且活性组分很均匀的分布在催化剂之中.BET、XPS和Raman光谱表征表明,催化剂结构、活性组分状态受活性组分含量和焙烧温度影响.活性组分含量和焙烧温度对催化剂的物理和化学性质有强烈影响,主要表现在催化剂的热稳定性、相组成、活性组分分散性和状态,并最终表现在用氨选择性催化还原氮氧化物反应的催化活性上.     

钯单原子负载氮掺杂碳催化剂的制备及其室温催化甲醛水溶液制氢性能

以高温热解金属有机框架生成的氮掺杂碳材料(CN)为载体，钯单原子(Pd₁)为活性组分，制备负载Pd₁的催化剂(Pd₁/CN)。使用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对Pd₁/CN催化剂进行了结构和形貌表征，并评价了其在室温条件下催化甲醛产氢性能。结果表明：Pd₁/CN催化剂的制氢性能明显优于常规Pd纳米颗粒(NPs)和负载Pd纳米颗粒的Pd/CN。分析反应条件对产氢性能的影响发现，在1 mol/L NaOH和0.6 mol/L HCHO浓度下，Pd₁/CN催化剂30 min内的产氢量最高，可达54.5 mL,并表现出优异的循环稳定性。     

低温等离子体协同制备高分散性铁基催化剂催化还原NO性能研究

采用浸渍法协同低温等离子体还原制备出负载在椰壳活性炭上的高分散铁基催化剂xFe/AC-φNH₃-(t)。采用固定床反应器探究催化剂制备中金属负载量、等离子体处理过程中NH₃浓度以及处理时间对催化剂分散性和催化还原NO能力的影响,利用XRD、XPS、SEM、TEM等方法表征催化剂的物化性质,并对反应机理进行推测。结果表明,随着金属负载量、等离子体处理过程中NH₃浓度及时间的提升,高分散铁基催化剂催化还原NO的能力逐渐增强,催化剂活性组分数目及分散性协同作用主导催化剂活性。5Fe/AC-10%NH₃-(1)催化剂表面Fe₃O₄均匀分散在活性炭表面,该催化剂在375℃时催化还原NO效率可达97.0%。随着催化还原NO反应的进行,Fe₃O₄逐渐被氧化成Fe₂O₃,导致催化剂失活。     

钐对SmxMn0.3?xTi催化剂NH3选择性催化还原NOx过程中N2选择性的影响

本文研究了Sm对Mn基催化剂NH₃选择性催化还原NO的改善作用。采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Sm_xMn_0.3?xTi催化剂(x = 0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2和0.3)。活性测试表明,Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂在180?300°C条件下,NO转化率达100%,N₂选择性达87%以上。表征结果表明,Mn基催化剂中添加Sm,抑制了TiO₂和Mn₂O₃相的结晶,提高了比表面积和酸性,其中Sm改性催化剂的比表面积从152.2增加至241.7 m2·g?1。这些作用有利于提高催化活性。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti的Sm3+/Sm和O_β/O的相对原子比分别为76.77at%和44.11at%,添加Sm增加了表面吸附氧(O_β),降低了Mn4+的表面浓度;程序升温还原H₂(H₂-TPR)结果表明,Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂还原温度提高,H₂消耗量降低至0.3 mmol?g?1。Sm的引入降低了催化剂Mn4+表面浓度,使得该催化剂氧化还原性能降低,进一步抑制NH₃氧化和非选择性催化还原反应生成N₂O,从而提高了催化剂的N₂选择性。原位漫反射红外傅立叶变换光谱(DRIFTs)表明,Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂的NH₃-SCR反应主要遵循Eley?Rideal机制。Sm掺杂增加了Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂的表面吸附氧(O_β),降低了氧化还原性能,提高了Sm_0.15Mn_0.15Ti催化剂的NO转化率和N₂选择性。     

中高温NH3-SCR反应的钨铈锆复合金属氧化物催化剂

制备一系列的单/双/三组元的钨铈锆复合金属氧化物催化剂,测试催化剂在200～550℃的NH₃选择性催化还原(NH₃-SCR)反应中的脱硝活性。考察催化剂制备方法、W含量和催化剂组成对催化剂脱硝活性的影响。使用N₂吸附-脱附、X线衍射仪(XRD)、X线光电子能谱(XPS)和NH₃程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)对催化剂进行表征。结果表明：与浸渍法、湿混法和水热法相比,共沉淀法制备的催化剂具有最高的脱硝活性;三组元钨铈锆催化剂的脱硝活性显著优于单组元或双组元催化剂,主要原因是催化剂表面W的良好分散、更高的表面氧比例和更多的表面酸位;在40 000 h^-1的体积空速下,WO₃、CeO₂和ZrO₂的质量分数分别为20%、40%和40%的20W-40Ce-40Zr催化剂在288～513℃时的NO_x转化率大于90%,表现出充当燃气机组SCR催化剂的良好潜力。     

锆掺杂TiO2负载锰铈氧化物低温催化还原NOx

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO₂、ZrO₂和不同比例TiO₂-ZrO₂等载体,超声波浸渍负载一定量的Ce-Mn活性组分.通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱和比表面积（BET）法对催化剂进行表征,并考察催化剂的氨气低温催化还原NO_x的活性.结果表明,TiO₂-ZrO₂（3:1,摩尔比）载体为介孔材料,颗粒粒径较小且高度分散,比表面积高达151 m²·g^-1由于Zr⁴⁺取代Ti⁴⁺掺杂进入TiO₂晶格内,导致其晶格畸变,抑制TiO₂晶型转变,获得了良好的热稳定性,加之活性组分以无定形态存在,催化剂表面存在Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺氧化还原电对,从而提高催化剂的低温催化还原活性.在550℃下焙烧的催化剂10%Ce（0.4）-Mn/TiO₂-ZrO₂（3:1）的活性最高,其在140℃、体积空速67000 h^-1的条件下,NO_x的转化率达到99.28%.140℃时单独通入体积分数为10%的H₂O以及同时通入体积分数为10%H₂O和2×10^-4SO₂,催化剂显示出较强的抗H₂O和SO₂中毒能力.     

Cu-Mo/Al2O3复合金属催化剂的制备及其催化裂解草甘膦副产废盐

为了高效催化裂解草甘膦副产废盐中的有机污染物,采用等体积浸渍法制备了不同钼负载量的负载型Cu-Mo/Al₂O₃复合金属催化剂。通过旋转式管式炉,探究催化剂对废盐催化裂解总有机碳含量(TOC)的影响。通过X线粉末衍射(XRD)、N₂物理吸脱附(N₂-adsorption-desorption)、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、O₂程序升温脱附(O₂-TPD)、拉曼光谱(Raman spectrum)对催化剂的晶型结构、孔结构和氧化还原性质等进行了表征。结果表明,5Cu-25Mo/Al₂O₃复合金属催化剂具有良好的催化裂解草甘膦副产废盐的效果,使废盐的总有机碳值由1 042 mg/L降至4.17 mg/L,TOC去除率达到99.6%。通过对废盐催化裂解过程中排出的尾气进行了非甲烷总烃含量(NMHC)在线检测,在10 mg/m³以下,对处理后的废盐进行...     

纳米片状CuCo2O4的合成及析氧性能研究

调控催化剂形貌和结构,优化表面特性,是提高催化性能的重要策略.通过水热合成铜钴双氢氧化物(CuCo LDH)前驱体,再经高温热解制得交叉连接片状CuCo₂O₄催化剂.该催化剂的粗糙表面和片层间隙有利于电解质的充分扩散吸附;其表面O缺陷能调节相邻金属位点价态,并能提高导电性,适合用于电化学催化.优化元素组成所制备CuCo₂O₄-1具有良好碱性析氧反应(OER)催化活性,在1 mol·L^-1 KOH电解质中,电流密度为100 mA·cm^-2时的过电位(η)为362 mV,OER塔菲尔斜率为112.2 mV·dec^-1,经过50 h的计时电位测试,η保持稳定,也显示出良好催化稳定性。为碱性OER电催化剂的设计提供了可行方案.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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