Gd-MOF磁共振造影剂的研究进展

磁共振成像(MRI)是常规临床医学检测中一种重要的影像手段.钆(Gd)基金属有机框架(Gd-MOF)结合了稀土元素Gd特有的磁性和MOF独特的多孔框架结构,展现出优异的造影性能,是一类具有潜力的磁共振造影剂.综述了Gd-MOF造影剂的研究进展,并综合分析了影响其性能的多方面因素.     

稀土纳米粒子磁共振成像造影剂的研究进展

镧系元素(Ln)独特的磁学性质主要来源于其4f外层电子结构.利用Ln磁学性质合成的无机稀土纳米粒子被广泛用作磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂(CAs).总结了近年来磁性无机稀土纳米粒子在不同系列(T_1,T_2以及T_1-T_2) MRI CAs的应用现状及发展前景.     

铁配合物MRI造影剂的研究进展

因钆(Gd)基造影剂潜在的毒副作用,人们一直在寻找其他的替代品.目前研究较深入的有铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)等金属造影剂,以及氙(¹²⁹Xe)、氟(¹⁹F)等非金属造影剂.Fe配合物作为一类纵向(T₁)加权磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂,具有良好的生物相容性,在临床上有极大的潜在应用价值.文章着重介绍了此类造影剂在弛豫性能、特异性响应成像、多模态联合成像方面的研究进展,通过对铁离子个数的调节与配体的修饰,以提高其弛豫性能;通过添加不同功能的基团,可对某些癌症或其他患病区域进行靶向成像;以及与其他成像方式,如光声成像、荧光成像等进行的联合诊断.     

稀土钆在生物医学中的应用

作为镧系元素(Ln)之一的稀土钆(Gd),由于原子序数大、最外层电子未成对且电子诱导能力不同,使其具有丰富的物理化学性质,吸引了广大研究者的兴趣,尤其是在生物医学领域.对钆元素在磁共振成像(MRI)、荧光成像、抗菌作用以及放射增敏的抗肿瘤作用方面进行了综述,以进一步促进钆元素在生物医学上的研究和运用.     

钆(Ⅲ)与氨基羧酸类配体的配位特征及研究进展

概述了环形和非环形氨基羧酸类配体与钆(Ⅲ)形成的配合物的配位特征和热力学稳定性,并介绍了其可能作为核磁共振造影剂的研究进展.     

碳酸氢铵共沉淀法制备Gd2O3:Eu纳米晶及其性质研究

以硝酸稀土为原料,碳酸氢铵作沉淀剂,PVA为分散剂,通过控制一定的反应条件,制得易沉降、过滤的碳酸钆(铕),此前驱物在一定温度下焙烧即可得到Gd2O3:Eu纳米晶.通过红外光谱、差热-热重、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等多种分析测试方法,研究了碳酸钆(铕)的组成、分解过程,以及Gd2O3:Eu的形成过程、微观形貌和粒度.结果表明:前驱物碳酸钆(铕)在较低的温度(700 ℃)焙烧即可制得Gd2O3:Eu纳米晶的纯相,属立方晶系,颗粒呈球形.当焙烧温度从700 ℃升高到1 000 ℃时,粒径从约50 nm增大到70 nm.对样品的激发光谱、发射光谱测定表明:Gd2O3:Eu纳米晶在265 nm光激发下,发红光,发射光谱谱峰在611 nm;与体材料相比,激发光谱中电荷迁移带(CTB)明显红移,从体材料的255 nm移至265 nm.     

不饱和酸钆盐共聚物磁性研究

合成了交联型侧链上含钆离子的共聚物聚( 丙烯酸钆- 丙烯酸)P(Gd(AA)3 - co - AA) 和聚( 甲基丙烯酸钆- 甲基丙烯酸)P(Gd(MA)3 - co- MA) .用元素分析、红外光谱和双键含量测定对单体和共聚物进行了表征.变温磁化率测定表明:P(Gd(AA)3 - co- AA) 和P(Gd( MA)3 - co- MA) 在低温下存在反铁磁性相互作用. 电子顺磁共振谱表明甲基对Gd ( Ⅲ) 离子间的超交换作用有贡献     

一种新型T1-T2双模磁共振造影剂的制备及性能研究

研究了Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@Gd_2O(CO_3)_2核/壳/壳磁性纳米粒子,作为一种新型的T1-T2双模磁共振成像造影剂.并对这种纳米粒子的细胞活性进行了体外细胞毒性试验(MTT).结果显示其具有良好的生物相容性,有望成为一种新型双模磁共振造影剂.     

钆、镉共掺纳米TiO_2光催化剂的合成及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸四正丁酯、硝酸钆和硝酸镉为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了Gd和Cd共掺杂型纳米TiO2光催化剂,借助X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)及UV-vis等测试手段对样品进行了表征,并以罗丹明B为模型污染物考察了掺杂量对样品光催化活性的影响规律。XRD分析表明,所得粉体均为锐钛矿相纳米TiO2,且Gd和Cd共掺后随着掺杂量的增加,纳米TiO2特征衍射峰宽化,强度降低;UV-vis光谱分析表明,适量钆(0.2%)掺杂使得催化剂在400～600nm的可见光区域对光响应,而在Gd掺杂的基础上掺杂Cd后,催化剂在紫外光区及400～600nm的可见光区吸收显著增强,对光具有更高的利用率;光催化实验表明,钆和镉掺杂对纳米TiO2光催化活性有显著的影响,当钆和镉掺杂量为0.2%、0.3%时其光催化活性最好。     

可单波长激发的荧光纳米粒子的合成与表征

根据荧光共振能量转移(FRET)原理,先选定了能级匹配的给体(4-乙氧基-9-(2-羟乙基)-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺(EHNI))和受体(硝基苯并二恶唑基染料(NBD)),采用一步细乳液聚合方法将这2种生色团引入单个的聚合物纳米粒子.制得的荧光纳米粒子兼有EHNI和NBD 2种染料的光谱特性,证明了2种生色团已经结合进入纳米粒子中.并且通过改变这2种染料的掺杂比例,在单一波长激发下,通过发生荧光共振能量转移,聚合物纳米粒子表现出多色,及可调控、可区分的荧光发射信号.     

基于Gd的造影剂在T1加权MRI上的研究进展

磁共振成像(MRI)由于具有较深的组织穿透能力和高的空间分辨率,已成为临床医学常规使用的诊断工具之一.MRI造影剂能有效提高病灶区域和周围组织的对比度,被广泛应用于MRI医疗诊断.基于Gd的MRI造影剂,由于其能最大程度地加速纵向弛豫,产生更明亮的图像,使得该类造影剂被科研工作者不断开发和研究.综述了Gd造影剂在T1加权MRI上的最新研究进展.     

PPY@Fe_3O_4的制备及其磁共振成像和光热性能

通过合理转化残余铁(Fe)在聚吡咯(PPY)纳米粒子原位生产了磁性四氧化三铁(Fe_3O_4)晶体,从而合成PPY@Fe_3O_4纳米粒子.得到的PPY@Fe_3O_4纳米粒子具有突出的横向弛豫时间(T_2)加权磁共振成像(MRI)效果和良好的光热性能,在肿瘤的诊断和治疗中具有良好的应用前景.     

NMR studies of the interaction betweenBacillis subtilis neutral proteinase and inorganic metal compounds

The interaction betweenBacillis subtilis neutral proteinase (B.S.NP) and inorganic metal compounds (CoCl₂, NiCl₂) was investigated by¹H NMR spectroscopy. It has been shown that the Zn(II) ion in the active center of the native enzyme may directly interact with external CoCl₂ and NiCl₂, producing Co(II)- and Ni(II)-substituted derivatives, and their¹H NMR spectra were obtained for the first time. From the¹H NMR spectra, the coordinated structure of the active center in the native enzyme was described.     

Chemical states of the atoms in magnetic multilayers Ta/NiO x /Ni81Fe19/Ta and Co/AlO x /Co

Ta/NiO _x /Ni₈₁Fe₁₉/Ta and Co/AlO _x /Co multilayers were prepared by rf reactive and dc magnetron sputtering. The exchange coupling field (H _ex) and the coercivity (H _c) of NiO _x /Ni₈₁Fe₁₉ as a function of the ratio of Ar to O₂ during the deposition process were studied. The composition and chemical states at the interface region of NiO _x /NiFe were also investigated using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and peak decomposition technique. The results show that when the ratio of Ar to O₂ is equal to 7 and the argon sputtering pressure is 0.57 Pa, the x value is approximately 1 and the valence of nickel is +2. At this point, NiO _x is antiferromagnetic NiO and the corresponding H_ex is the largest. As the ratio of Ar/O₂ deviates from 7, the H _ex will decrease due to the presence of magnetic impurities such as Ni⁺³ or metallic Ni at the interface region of NiO _x /NiFe, while the H _c will increase due to the metallic Ni. Al layers in Co/AlO _x /Co multilayers were also studied by angle-resolved XPS. Our finding is that the bottom Co could be completely covered by depositing an Al layer about 1.8 nm. The thickness of AlO _x was 1.2 nm.     

完全图Kn的{P5,C5}分解

图分解问题已在很多邻域中得到了广泛的应用。用P₅表示5个顶点的路，C₅表示5个顶点的圈，本研究讨论了完全图K_n分解成5个顶点的路P₅和圈C₅的存在性，给出完全图K_n存在{P₅,C₅}-强制分解的充分必要条件是n≥7(n≠8)，以及完全图K_n存在{P₅,C₅}-分解的充分必要条件是n≥5(n≠6)。     

二维Ti3C2Tx MXene材料的制备与工艺优化

二维（2D）过渡金属碳/氮化物（MXene）材料是当前最受关注的二维材料之一,其中二维碳化钛（Ti₃C₂T_x MXene）材料的研究最为广泛。该材料目前主要通过刻蚀三元碳化物或氮化物（MAX相）后进一步插层得到,因此MAX相材料的纯度和制备工艺条件直接决定了Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料的物化性质。主要完成了不同Ti₃AlC₂ MAX相材料的筛选,选择氢氟酸（HF）刻蚀,并优化了不同的插层方法,制备了一系列Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等表征,确定使用原位锂离子（Li⁺）插层法可有效获得单层Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料。制备的单层Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料的表面平整,片径约为150 nm,厚度约为2 nm。同时,创新性地采用涡旋震荡辅助材料分层,极大地缩短了超声时间,提高了单层Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料的产率（可达70%）,并且可以避免材料氧化,为Ti₃C₂T_x MXene材料未来应用提供了新方法。     

Secular variations in geomagnetic Field caused by the fluctuations in the fluid flow in the outer-core

The theoretical spatial power spectrum of a dipole located at ( r0, θ60, φ0) can be fitted by a straight line in logarithmic scale when n is larger than 2. Based on the spherical harmonic coefficients of geomagnetic field during 1900-1995, the depth( r0) of source-layer of every 5a is calculated. The results show that r0 decreased from 1900 to 1960; abruptly changed from 1945 to 1950 related to some kind of disturbance; decreased again from 1960 to 1975; increased from 1975 to 1985; and kept stable after 1985. Then the mean energy density (MED) of each year is induced to its corresponding r0. We find that MED of dipole field kept nearly unchanged from 1900 to 1960. While, MED of non-dipole field increased. The change of r0 coinciding with the geomagnetic secular variation, impulse and length-of-day happened around 1970, suggesting that the change of r0 may be related to the impulse. The variation in the fluid flow in the outer-core caused by the core-mantle coupling is a plausible candidate in explaining the changes in geomagnetic Jerk, length-of-day, and r0.     

Magnetoelectric and converse magnetoelectric res ponses in TbxDy1-xFe2-y alloy ＆ Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）（1-x）TixO3 crystal laminated composites

Measured results of magnetoelectric （ME） and converse magnetoelectric （CME） effects of TbxDy1-xFe2-y/ Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）（1-x）TixO3/TbxDy1-xFe2-y （TD/PMNT/TD） and PMNT/TD/PMNT laminated composites are presented. ME effect was determined by measuring laminate voltage output under a Helmholtz-generated AC field biased by a DC field （0-1 kOe） （1Oe = 79.58 A/m）. The CME effect was measured by recording the voltage induced in a solenoid encompassing the ME sample while exposed to a DC bias field and PMNT layer driven by a 10 V AC source. The ME and CME responses in the two laminated structure are linear. The highest values of ME coefficients in TD/PMNT/TD and PMNT/TD/PMNT composites are 384 mV/Oe and 158 mV/Oe, respectively, while the highest values of CME coefficients in the two composites are 118 mG/V and 162 mG/V （1 G=10^-4 T）, respectively.     

An in-situ DRIFTS study in the reaction between NO x and soot on BaAl2O4

The interactions between NO, O2 and their mixture on BaAl2O4, as well as the reaction of NOx with soot in the presence of O2, have been investigated using Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy （DRIFTS）. NO adsorption produces only nitrites species in the absence of O2. NO2 adsorption produces nitrates species besides nitrites species. The produced nitrites will further react with O2, Osurf^-. and Olattice^2- to form nitrates. The reaction of NOx with soot begins with the reaction of nitrates with soot oxygenated complex （C（O））, which is regarded as the key and rate determining step. A reaction pathway is proposed for the catalyzed reaction of NOx with soot in the presence of O2.