Serum inhibitory activity on granulocyte-macrophage colony formation

Summary Normal and chloroform-extracted human sera, fractionated by Sephadex column chromatography, have been tested for inhibitory activity on granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony formation. It was found that this activity is connected with lipoproteins (inhibitors of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor) and low molecular weight substances (7000; 13,000) which can act as specific polypeptide chalones.     

Colony promoting activity and its target 'pre-CFUc' in genetically anemic mice of W/Wv genotype

Incubation of bone marrow cells with supernatant from long-term cultures of bone marrow cells increases the number of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells. This study reveals the presence of target cells of the colony promoting activity (CPA) in W/Wv mouse marrow. It is also shown that CPA does not stimulate erythroid colony formation in vitro.     

Granulocytosis induced in vivo by a mouse marrow stromal cell line,BMA1, which produces colony stimulating factor

Summary Nude mice were inoculated with BMA1 cells. These are cells which produce granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF); They are derived from mouse bone marrow stromal cells transfected with adenovirus 5 DNA. Progressive neutrophilia developed as the tumor grew, but disappeared quickly after local tumor excision. Media conditioned with tumor cells had GM-CSF but neither erythropoietin, nor burst-promoting activity. In all the tumors which developed, focal areas of bone formation were found among fibrosarcomatous tissues.     

Granulocytosis induced in vivo by a mouse marrow stromal cell line, BMA1, which produces colony stimulating factor

Nude mice were inoculated with BMA1 cells. These are cells which produce granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF); They are derived from mouse bone marrow stromal cells transfected with adenovirus 5 DNA. Progressive neutrophilia developed as the tumor grew, but disappeared quickly after local tumor excision. Media conditioned with tumor cells had GM-CSF but neither erythropoietin nor burst-promoting activity. In all the tumors which developed, focal areas of bone formation were found among fibrosarcomatous tissues.     

Colony stimulating activity in acute and chronic endotoxinemia in man

Summary Blood granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity (GM CSF) was measured in 6 normal individuals challenged with low-dose endotoxin and in 63 unselected patients with nonhaematological disorders. 5/63 patients were febrile and 5 other patients showed detectable endotoxin levels, as measured by the Limulus assay. CSA levels showed a rapid increase in normal individuals following endotoxin administration, but were in the normal range in patients with chronic endotoxinemia or in those with febrile disorders. Thus, unlike acute endotoxinemia, chronic endotoxinemia is not associated with elevated activity that promotes growth of myeloid commited stem cells. In addition, fever per se did not coincide with elevated blood CSA levels.     

Colony stimulating activity in acute and chronic endotoxinemia in man.

Blood granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity (GM CSF) was measured in 6 normal individuals challenged with low-dose endotoxin and in 63 unselected patients with nonhaematological disorders. 5/63 patients were febrile and 5 other patients whoed detectable endotoxin levels, as measured by the Limulus assay. CSA levels showed a rapid increase in normal individuals following endotoxin administration, but were in the normal range in patients with chronic endotoxinemia or in those with febrile disorders. Thus, unlike acute endotoxinemia, chronic endotoxinemia is not associated with elevated activity that promotes growth of myeloid commited stem cells. In addition, fever per se did not coincide with elevated blood CSA levels.     

Different marrow cell number requirements for the haemopoietic colony formation and the curve of the W/Wv anemia.

The lowest cell number in the normal marrow transplant, which allows the cure of W/Wv anemia was found to be between 10(4) and 10(5). This exceeds by several times the lowest cell number necessary for the haemopoietic colony formation. Therefore, either the colony forming cell is not the haemopoietic stem cell but rather its progeny, or this cell requires an aid from some other cells to exert is activity.     

Inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony formation by basic polypeptides from mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells

Summary The polypeptides isolated from mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were tested for their inhibitory activity against GM colony formation. It was found that basic polypeptides with low molecular weight evidently inhibit colony formation. Our data reveal that the tested polypeptides may show chalone activity.     

Somatostatin reduces the release of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) from PHA-activated mouse spleen lymphocytes.

PHA-activated lymphocytes release colony-stimulating activity (CSA) for macrophage-granulocyte precursor cells (colony forming units, CFUc) in the culture medium. Somatostatin, known to interfer with ribosomal protein synthesis, was demonstrated to reduce the release of CSA from PHA-treated mouse spleen lymphocytes.     

Distribution of CSF (colony stimulating factor) in kidney of the mouse.

The activity of the colony stimulating factor (SCF) was measured in kidney subcellular fractions in mice. The highest activity was noted in microsomes. From other fractions, the cytosol had large amounts of CSF. On the basis of literature data, and the findings presented we suggest that the kidney is at least one of the organs of CSF biosynthesis.     

Distribution of CSF (colony stimulating factor) in kidney of the mouse

Summary The activity of the colony stimulating factor (CSF) was measured in kidney subcellular fractions in mice. The highest activity was noted in microsomes. From other fractions, the cytosol had large amounts of CSF. On the basis of literature data, and the findings presented we suggest that the kidney is at least one of the organs of CSF biosynthesis.     

Effect of the substratum on the growth of CFU-c in continuous marrow culture

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences - The effect of the substratum on the maintenance of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-c) was studied in continuous mouse marrow culture. Glass and...     

Stimulation of the growth of murine bone marrow colonies in vitro by an acute inflammatory exudate. Comparison with colony stimulating factor CSF)]

Formation of colonies from mice bone marrow progenitors of macrophages and granulocytes in methylcellulose culture was induced by an inflammatory pleural exudate obtained from mice injected with dextran. Mitogenic activity of this acute inflammatory exudate was compared with that of colony stimulating factor (CSF). It was found that colony and cluster counts, during 10 days of culture, were similar with the two types of stimulating factors. When used at the same dose, exudate was less active than CSF. It was concluded that inflammatory exudate showed an activity similar to that of CSF but contained a smaller amount of stimulating factor. Further cytochemical studies are necessary to specify whether or not the two factors induced the same type of colonies (monocytic or granulocytic).     

Somatostatin reduces the release of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) from PHA-activated mouse spleen lymphocytes

Summary PHA-activated lymphocytes release colony-stimulating activity (CSA) for macrophage-granulocyte precursor cells (colony forming units, CFU_C) in the culture medium. Somatostatin, known to interfer with ribosomal protein synthesis, was demonstrated to reduce the release of CSA from PHA-treated mouse spleen lymphocytes.The technical assistance of Ulrike Wallner and Paulette Bais is thankfully acknowledged.     

Effect of sodium ribonucleate on the growth and the hemolytic activity of Treponema hyodysenteriae]

Liquid cultures of different strains of Treponema hyodysenteriae, when supplemented with sodium ribonucleate show an increase in the hemolytic activity titers while the number of colony forming units remain constant.     

Autoradiographic study of a bacterial colony. Application to the effects of polymyxin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies]

The autoradiograph of a colony of Ps. a. which has been transferred, during growth, on a medium added with polymyxin and tritiate leucin makes it possible to locate an upper zone with a high metabolic activity and a basal zone with no metabolic activity. The latter, which consists of lysed cells, acts probably as a selective filter against the drug.     

Effet du ribonucléate de sodium sur la croissance et l'activité hémolytique deTreponema hyodysenteriae

Summary Liquid cultures of different strains ofTreponema hyodysenteriae, when supplemented with sodium ribonucleate show an increase in the hemolytic activity titers while the number of colony forming units remain constant.     

Effect of azimexon (BM 12.531) on mouse granulocyte-macrophage and monocyte-macrophage progenitor cells

Summary Treatment of mice with 25 mg/kg azimexon (BM 12.531) resulted in an increase in granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) in spleen and bone marrow after a transient depression in the cell populations. Bone marrow monocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (MM-CFC) increased at 7 days after treatment, and splenic MM-CFC were least affected by azimexon treatment. The increase in granulocytic and monocytic colony-forming cells may play a role in the previously reported protection by azimexon against radiation and drug-induced toxicity.Supported by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Defense Nuclear Agency, under Research Work Unit MJ 00026.     

Different marrow cell number requirements for the haemopoietic colony formation and the cure of the W/Wv anemia

Summary The lowest cell number in the normal marrow transplant, which allows the cure of W/W^v anemia was found to be between 10⁴ and 10⁵. This exceeds by several times the lowest cell number necessary for the haemopoietic colony formation. Therefore, either the colony forming cell is not the haemopoietic stem cell but rather its progeny, or this cell requires an aid from some other cells to exert its activity.Acknowledgments. We are indebted to Doc. Dr Maksymilian Siekierzynski for his help and advice and to Miss Elzbieta Szewczyk for expert technical assistance.