高压水射流深穿透射孔增产机理研究

高压水射流技术是切割破岩、清洗除锈、油田增产的新技术。在分析钻井侵入带和常规聚能射孔压实带对油井产量影响的基础上,探讨了高压水射流定向深穿透射孔的油井增产机理。研究结果表明,采用高压高速射流技术,可以切割破岩、减轻近井地带应力集中和穿透近井污染带,其结果可以使油井获得增产增注。讨论了该技术用于定向射孔压裂进行油藏改造的可行性。     

复杂储层射孔工艺技术

本文阐述了适应复杂渗储层的深穿透射孔技术、多脉冲复合射孔技术以及负压射孔工艺和定方位射孔工艺的特点及优越性。从射孔器装配结构到射孔弹设计优化等方面进行研究改进,解决了射孔弹装配后穿透深度降低的问题,使射孔孔道在低渗储层有效长度增加;在复合射孔基础上增加二级火药,使火药燃烧产生的压力峰值时间延长,增强了对射孔孔道气体压裂效果;采用合理的负压差,依靠储层能量进行返排冲洗孔道,将孔道内残渣带出,达到降低射孔孔道污染的目的;针对压裂储层进行定方位射孔,使射孔孔道与最大主应力方向一致,从而降低启动压力和施工压力,消除了扭曲摩阻的影响,达到提高压裂效果的目的。深穿透射孔技术、多脉冲复合射孔技术、负压射孔工艺、定方位射孔工艺的广泛应用,为提高复杂储层采收率提供了技术支持。     

高压水射流深穿透射孔增产机理研究

高压水射流技术是切割破岩、清洗除锈、油田增产的新技术。在分析钻井侵入带和常规聚能射孔压实带对油井产量影响的基础上 ,探讨了高压水射流定向深穿透射孔的油井增产机理。研究结果表明 ,采用高压高速射流技术 ,可以切割破岩、减轻近井地带应力集中和穿透近井污染带 ,其结果可以使油井获得增产增注。讨论了该技术用于定向射孔压裂进行油藏改造的可行性     

高能气体压裂技术的发展趋势

着重综述了高能气体压裂 (HEGF)技术的发展趋势。对 HEGF技术与射孔复合技术、水力压裂及酸化相结合的综合压裂技术、液体药压裂技术、袖套式射孔压裂复合技术和爆炸松动增产技术进行了详细的分析论述 ,并对这些技术在大庆油田、长庆油田、华北油田、辽河油田、四川油田等的应用情况做了讨论。对国外 HEGF技术的发展情况也做了介绍     

石油射孔弹爆轰波相互作用数值模拟分析

采用动力学有限元方法,以某型号的射孔弹为例,对两发射孔弹的顺序起爆、爆轰波的相互作用效应进行数值模拟,得到相互干扰对聚能射流的影响规律,从而为提高射孔效率提供一定技术支持.     

聚能效应在高能气体压裂中的应用研究

本文简略介绍了凝聚炸药爆轰波基本方程及其参数的近似计算;对实用中的混合装药性能参数的确定、裸眼井聚能装药定向开裂造缝原理、造缝深度估算及其影响因素、套管井聚能复合射孔造缝提示等作了探讨性说明.指出聚能效应在我国特殊油气藏的开发中,作为预处理技术,将发挥巨大作用.     

无围压射孔技术在低渗透油田的应用与认识

本文介绍了无围压射孔技术的工艺原理,射孔器器的性能特点,从低渗透油田现场应用效果情况看,施工后,枪体无变形、最大胀径小于5mm,满足安全施工要求;本文从两个方面分析了无围压射孔工艺比常规射孔技术穿深提高原因,同时依据负压射孔理论,分析认为无围压射孔技术较适易地层胶结较好的油层应用;并且对开发层系隔层大、地层压力差异大的分层合采井的完井具有重要应用价值。     

低渗透岩芯实弹射孔实验研究

针对低渗透露头岩芯进行了实弹射孔实验,对射孔孔眼穿透深度、孔眼周围渗透率变化情况进行了分析。结果表明:孔眼周围的渗透率变化规律和常规地层不同,沿孔眼轴线方向,渗透率呈单调下降趋势,孔眼末端的渗透率接近于原始值;在沿孔眼径向方向,渗透率也呈下降趋势,压实带特征不明显,且压实带部位的渗透率仍明显大于岩石原始渗透率;低渗透岩石射孔孔眼穿透深度明显比常规储层中小。由于常规射孔技术对低渗透储层的改造深度有限,应大规模推广采用复合射孔等新技术以改善射孔效果。     

水力射孔对地层破裂压力的影响研究

水力射孔辅助定向压裂可有效提高低渗透油田压裂效率，明显改善压裂效果。建立了包含地层-水泥环-套管的水力射孔井的三维力学模型，运用有限元数值模拟方法结合弹性力学理论和岩石的破裂机理，分析了水力射孔参数对地层破裂压力的影响。研究结果表明，沿着最大水平地应力方向进行交错布孔、选择射孔密度为4m^-1、增加射孔深度可以有效降低地层破裂压力。研究结果可为水力射孔辅助定向压裂工艺提供参数优选的依据。     

StimGun复合射孔技术的应用

随着油井勘探开发的深入,低孔、低渗、致密岩性的非常规油气层在油气储量中占较大的比例,由于其储层性质差,勘探开发难度大,采用常规射孔很难取得理想的效果.StimGun复合射孔技术是在射孔枪起爆后,推进剂燃烧产生高能气体,高能气体进入射孔孔道并在射孔孔眼周围形成多径向裂缝,从而沟通了天然裂缝,改善了油气流动通道,提高渗流能力.介绍了该技术的工作原理和技术优势,并通过现场试验、总结和完善,形成了一套满足于不同地质条件的、集安全施工设计和作业效果评价为一体的stimgun复合射孔技术.该技术成功应用于四川LG区块的射孔作业中,能有效的控制裂缝高度,达到清楚地层污染而又不出水的效果,对地透气性地层具有较好的改造作用,取得较好的作业效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with