海上某油田复合砂体内单河道的识别与应用

以秦皇岛某油田北区NmⅠ3砂体为对象,在系统分析岩心资料、密井网测井资料、生产动态资料的基础上,运用储层构型基本原理,将研究区复合河道划分出河流相五种单一成因砂体,同时根据单河道的识别标志和河流相砂体的对比模式,把研究区NmⅠ3复合砂体细分为了3期单河道,明确了单河道的沉积微相,阐述了单河道内部剩余油分布规律。     

井震联合窄小河道砂体预测方法研究

为了充分挖潜窄小河道砂体剩余油,以大庆油田北二西为例,在精细等时地层格架建立的基础上,用波形聚类、相干体、分频、属性分析等地震预测技术对窄小河道砂体预测适应性进行了分析。通过分析发现,不同技术对窄小河道砂体边界识别程度是不同的,波形聚类可以大致判断河流方向,对于窄小河道边界识别不明显;相干体对于窄小河道边界的识别好于波形聚类;分频可以清楚地看到窄小河道砂体边界细微变化。通过对RMS 属性分析,建立了薄互层砂体预测厚度与砂体实际厚度的关系,并利用后验井进行了验证。对于厚度>2 m 的砂体,预测精度高,对于厚度为12 m 的砂体,在预测相对误差<35% 时,预测精度可以达到60%,对于厚度<1 m 的砂体,属性预测不可靠。     

河流相储层构型及其对油水分布的控制

针对传统的小层平面图油水分布复杂,难以掌握其分布规律的现象,以孤岛油田馆上段河流相储层为例,对储层构型研究与传统沉积微相研究进行了对比,通过储层构型要素分析法建立了精细的单一成因砂体级别的储层剖面及平面构型,并以单砂层为单位作主力层的小层平面图,分析了储层构型对油水分布的控制作用.研究表明,储层构型研究在垂向及平面上的研究尺度均比传统沉积微相研究更加精细,建立精细的储层构型的关键是识别单一成因砂体,尤其是对单一河道砂体的识别,将直接影响剖面及平面构型的精准度.储层构型要素的空间展布及平面配置结构直接控制着油水分布.层状油气藏可以存在多个油水界面,在内含油边界以上通常形成"满注"型油藏;在内、外含油边界之间,多形成大片水层中夹透镜状或条带状分布的"水包油"型油气藏.     

曲流河复合砂体内单一河道的识别方法

自大庆油田开发以来,随着油田注水开发的深入,处于大面积分布的河道砂体中某些部位的开发井水淹级别相差悬殊。经进一步研究表明:这些大面积分布的河道砂体并非单支河道,而是一支多期(或多支)河流平面侧向叠加所致。不同单一河道之间由于其连通方式的复杂性及其自身储层性质的差异形成复杂的非均质性。因此,正确识别单一河道对于进一步研究储层的内部构型及分析剩余油的分布规律具有很大的现实意义。以杏南开发区PI31小层为例,分析了各单一河道的成因,并在现代沉积理论的指导下利用地下密井网资料,采用平面、剖面及三维视窗法对研究区储层进行了研究。在研究区共识别出了3条单一河道,宽约(400～1200)m,流向由北向南,在此基础上总结了曲流河单一河道边界的识别标志,并提出了单一河道的划分方法,为油田储层的进一步详细描述奠定了基础。     

河流相储层构型及其对油水分布的控制

针对传统的小层平面图油水分布复杂,难以掌握其分布规律的现象,以孤岛油田馆上段河流相储层为例,对储层构型研究与传统沉积微相研究进行了对比,通过储层构型要素分析法建立了精细的单一成因砂体级别的储层剖面及平面构型,并以单砂层为单位作主力层的小层平面图,分析了储层构型对油水分布的控制作用.研究表明,储层构型研究在垂向及平面上的研究尺度均比传统沉积微相研究更加精细,建立精细的储层构型的关键是识别单一成因砂体,尤其是对单一河道砂体的识别,将直接影响剖面及平面构型的精准度.储层构型要素的空间展布及平面配置结构直接控制着油水分布.层状油气藏可以存在多个油水界面,在内含油边界以上通常形成"满注"型油藏;在内、外含油边界之间,多形成大片水层中夹透镜状或条带状分布的"水包油"型油气藏.     

多尺度相干体信息的融合及应用

文章将三维相干技术与小波多尺度分析相结合,利用多尺度相干分析理论,提出了分频计算相干切片图像融合处理方法。该方法可以突出特定频带通道的地质异常体,提高对地质异常体的识别能力,为储层预测提供了一种新的思路和方法。     

河流相储层精细对比及沉积特征探讨——以惠民凹陷大芦家地区临25-1断块馆二上段为例

以惠民凹陷大芦家临25-1断块馆二上段河流相储层为例,对河流相储层精细对比研究方法以及其沉积特征进行探讨。针对研究区开发中存在的小层对比不清,有利储层分布不明确的问题,以标准层划分层位,以沉积旋回法、河流叠加砂体对比原则划分沉积单元,建立精细小层对比格架;通过观察分析取心井岩石成分、沉积构造等一系列特征,结合测井曲线资料,揭示研究区内小层沉积微相及其展布特征。研究表明,大芦家地区临25-1断块馆二上段小层叠加样式包括间歇叠加、连续叠加、侵蚀叠加三种类型;主要为曲流河沉积,发育点坝、天然堤、决口扇、泛滥平原四种微相;早期主要是河道砂体沉积,点坝砂体连片分布,晚期北部的决口扇沉积发育较明显,二者为研究区的有利储层。     

联合反演技术在台1地区扶余油层河道砂识别中的应用

台1地区在扶余油层河流相沉积广泛发育,因此对于该区扶余油层河道砂体的准确识别是提高油藏开发的重要保障,本文就该区三维地震资料在反射特征分析的基础上,通过分频属性与Jason 和Geo-office联合反演效果的分析,开展扶余油层河道砂体预测研究,搞清扶余油层各油层组河道砂等储层展布规律,有效地进行油藏评价工作,为下步开发寻找新的靶区,经实践证明,该方法的应用可大大提高河道砂识别的精度,具有较好的现实意义。     

河流相砂体剩余油识别模型及其成因类型研究

纵向上细分单一河道沉积单元,平面上细分沉积微相及追踪单一河道砂体是认识和河流相储层高含水期剩余油挖潜及深化储层非均质性表征的关键.以模糊综合评判方法建立砂体剩余油解释模型,综合考虑动、静态因素及其影响因素的不确定性,是一种较为实用的剩余油模式识别方法.河流相储层剩余油成因类型丰富,可详细划分为5类成因类型,针对每一类剩余油分布形式应采取相应的挖潜措施.     

地震属性分析在河流相储层预测中的应用

摘要：由河道砂岩体所形成的岩性油气藏的勘探越来越受到勘探家们的重视。但由于河流相储层形成的复杂性和多样性,依靠钻井是很难对其分布规律进行有效控制和预测的。必须充分发挥地震资料信息的横向连续性优势,在井资料的标定下,进行储层的横向预测与研究。通过地震属性分析,对渤海湾盆地冀中拗陷霸县凹陷文安斜坡古渐系沙一上亚段—东营组河流相储层进行了预测。研究表明：（1）地震波的波峰和波谷强振幅分别反映了河道边、心滩砂体的分布及河道水系的发育情况;（2）地震资料四阶导数振幅属性对振幅的微弱变化敏感,能较好地识别河道砂体分布,尤其是对整体河床分布的刻画非常逼真;（3）河道沉积以低频反射为特征,尤以小于 10 Hz 的频率分布区与河道砂体具有较好的对应关系;（4）基于神经网络的波形分类技术,可以极大地克服单一地震属性参数所带来的多解性或不确定性,当用井资料标定后,其分类预测结果与地质认识具有很高的符合率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the