混凝土天棚辐射空调加独立新风系统住宅热环境与热舒适研究

为了研究混凝土天棚辐射加独立新风系统住宅的热环境和热舒适,笔者对长沙某住宅小区在2016年夏季进行了约一个月现场实测和问卷调查,结果表明混凝土辐射空调加独立新风系统住宅室内温度分布均匀,在1.1 m测点与0.1 m测点空气温差最大值为0.816 ℃,垂直方向从下到上空气温度先增加后减小,靠近中间高度达到最大值,最热面南墙内壁面与最冷面天棚壁面之间的温差为1.9 ℃,室内热舒适评价指标：-0.95＜PMV＜-0.5,室内偏凉,PPD<22 %;从问卷调查分析可知在辐射环境中受试人员局部热感觉符合正态分布,身体的不同部位(除双脚外)对环境的热感觉差别不大。     

混凝土天棚辐射空调加独立新风系统住宅热环境与热舒适

为了研究混凝土天棚辐射加独立新风系统住宅的热环境和热舒适,对长沙某住宅小区在2016年夏季进行约一个月现场实测和问卷调查。结果表明混凝土辐射空调加独立新风系统住宅室内温度分布均匀,在1.1 m测点与0.1 m测点空气温差最大值为0.816℃,垂直方向从下到上空气温度先增加后减小,靠近中间高度达到最大值,最热面南墙内壁面与最冷面天棚壁面之间的温差为1.9℃,室内热舒适评价指标:-0.95PMV-0.5,室内偏凉,PPD22%。从问卷调查分析可知在辐射环境中受试人员局部热感觉符合正态分布,身体的不同部位(除双脚外)对环境的热感觉差别不大。     

不同供水工况毛细管网地板辐射供暖实验研究

针对夏热冬冷地区冬季供暖问题,以空气源热泵+毛细管网地板辐射供暖系统为对象建立实验系统.实验测试并分析了供水温度分别为40℃,37℃,35℃,33℃和30℃时,不同供水工况毛细管网地板辐射供暖房间的室内空气温度、各内壁面温度的变化特性以及室内环境的舒适性.实验结果表明:在重庆地区,当毛细管网辐射面积占地面的50%,毛细管网间距为20mm,填充层厚度为50mm的豆石混凝土,面层为12mm的木质地板时,40℃,37℃,35℃,33℃和30℃供水工况稳定时的室内温度分别为18.73℃,18.06℃,17.03℃,16.09℃和15.28℃;室内热感觉(PMV)分别为-0.65,-0.82,-1.09,-1.31和-1.44;不满意百分率(PPD)分别为14%,19.08%,30.18%,40.71%和47.39%;各工况室内竖直方向和水平方向上最大温差分别为0.39℃和1.12℃.该地区供水温度≥33℃时,室内温度可满足舒适要求;供水温度≥37℃时,室内PMV和PPD满足我国热舒适评价标准,各工况毛细管网地板辐射供暖系统室内温度分布非常均匀.     

太阳能辅助火炕供暖系统热工性能

目的研究毛细管网型太阳能辅助火炕供暖系统的热工性能和效果.提出利用毛细管网型火炕的供暖模式,提高炕面的舒适性.方法利用数值模拟和实验测试两种手段分析两个对比房间的炕面温度和室内温度的变化趋势和规律.结果测试数据显示普通房间炕头、炕中、炕尾的平均温度分别为65.7℃、43.28℃、39.82℃,炕面温差大于20℃,而采用该系统的房间炕头、炕中、炕尾的平均温度分别为51.34℃、38.26℃、33.79℃,普通室内房间平均温度为12.2℃,太阳能辅热火炕房间室内平均温度为18.5℃,比普通房间室内平均温度高6.3℃.结论毛细管网末端热惯性小,运行时室内温度迅速升高,炕面的温度分布比普通火炕均匀,可依据主观意愿实时改善室内热环境,辅助火炕运行时有效地改善了农居室内及炕面的热舒适性.     

冬夏季两种空调系统下空间尺寸对热舒适的影响

影响室内人员热舒适的环境因素很多，其中建筑空间是研究热舒适时很容易被忽略的一个因素．为探究建筑空间尺寸对室内人员热舒适的影响规律，在8个建筑空间中进行了为期3年的实验，8个建筑空间由2种地面尺寸(12 m×12 m和6 m×6 m)和4种空间高度(3 m、5 m、7 m和9 m)构成．在冬夏季由风机盘管或辐射地板空调末端控制的热环境中，以热环境参数测量和主观感受问卷收集相结合的方法开展了实验．实验结果表明：随着建筑空间高度由3 m升高到9 m，冬季室内人员的热中性温度升高了0.59℃，而夏季人员的热中性温度随空间高度升高而降低了0.65℃．冬季和夏季，地面尺寸为12 m×12 m的建筑空间中人员热中性温度均高于地面尺寸为6 m×6 m建筑空间．冬夏季室内人员的热敏感性随建筑空间变化的规律如下：随着建筑空间高度的升高，室内人员的热敏感性大体呈上升趋势．地面尺寸为6 m×6 m的空间中人员的热敏感性略高于地面尺寸为12 m×12 m的建筑空间．建筑空间越趋于扁平，即空间高度越低、地面尺寸越大时，室内人员的热敏感性越低．对比各实验工况下预测平均热感觉投票(PMV)与实际平均热感觉投票(MTS...     

地板送风室内温度不均匀分布特性的实验研究

通过变化送风参数和室内热源，对6种典型工况的实验结果进行了分析，得到了地板送风室内温度分布的一些特性．针对地板送风室内温度分布的不均匀性，采用工作区垂直温差和0．1m高度处的空气温度与送风温度之差来表征工作区温度分布．实验结果表明：单位送风量的室内热源散热越大，不仅室内垂直温度梯度较大，而且工作区垂直温差增加的幅度比送回风温差增加的幅度更大，当室内冷负荷从324W逐渐增大到468W时，工作区垂直温差与其送回风温差之比从0．468增大到0．573；室内工作区垂直温度分布的形状与室内热源分布情况有关，当热源位于吊顶上时，工作区上下垂直温度梯度较大，中间垂直温度梯度较小；当送风温度提高5．7℃时；工作区垂直温差减小70％；工作区0．1m高度处的空气温度与送风温度之差约占送回风温差的50％．     

大进深房间冬季室内热环境分析

通过搭建大进深房间模型,测试冬季非空调工况下室内热环境,分析了室外气温和室内得热量对房间进深方向温度分布的影响.实验结果表明:围护结构热惯性使围护结构温度变化和室内温度变化相对于室外气温变化有明显衰减,围护结构传热量与人体模型散热量基本相等,房间得热与失热基本平衡;在人体模型散热形成的热羽流作用下,室内高度方向有明显的温度分层,但在外围护结构冷表面和人体模型热表面的共同作用下,室内同一高度不同进深处的温度分布并未呈现外低内高的简单规律;在不同室外温度和人体模型散热量时,沿房间进深方向不同位置离地面0.2~1.4m高度的平均温度有相似的分布规律,离外墙3.0m处温度最低,4.2m处温度最高,内外区分界线离外墙3.0~3.6m.     

热压通风房间地面对流换热过程分析

全尺度实验测试了单侧热压通风房间围护结构内表面和地面热质的温度变化,分析了室内初始温度、地面初始温度和通风口尺寸对地面对流换热的影响.结果表明:通风过程中室内温度逐渐降低,温度垂直分布趋于均匀;进风气流流经的测杆处地面的局部换热量和局部对流换热系数分别大于地面平均换热量和平均对流换热系数;对于室内初始温度较高的情形,地面局部对流换热系数较大,平均对流换热系数较小;对于地面初始温度较高的情形,地面局部对流换热系数较小,平均对流换热系数较大;上大下小的通风口组合对应的地面局部对流换热系数较小,平均对流换热系数较大;若室外温度为12℃左右时,室内初始温度为13～35℃,地面初始温度为33～41℃,则地面平均对流换热系数为2～8 W·m~(-2)·K~(-1),局部对流换热系数不超过18 W·m~(-2)·K~(-1).     

热浸镀富铈稀土铝合金的耐腐蚀性研究

研究了富铈稀土对碳钢热浸镀铝合金组织及耐腐蚀性的影响.结果表明,在稀土含量为0.1%～0.5%范围内随着稀土含量的增加热浸镀层组织均匀,当稀土含量超过0.5%时扩散层厚度明显减小,稀土含量0.3%的热浸镀层具有最好的组织,并且在酸性介质腐蚀条件下具有最好的耐腐蚀性.含0.3%稀土的热扩散层的耐腐蚀性比纯铝提高2～3倍.     

家用热泵空调送风方式对热舒适性的影响

为研究家用热泵空调送风方式对热舒适性的影响,在人工环境实验室内测试了中送风、下送风和分布式送风的环境参数,并对15名受试者的热感觉和热舒适进行了问卷调查.实验结果表明:初始背景温度为0℃时,分布式送风可快速、均匀地提升人体各部位的空气温度,受试者的整体热感觉以及整体热舒适上升最快,受试者的热舒适性可得到显著改善;室内热环境稳定后,分布式送风温度均匀度最小为1.9℃,在送风区域内的受试者各部位感觉较暖,局部热感觉差异最小,且其他位置的受试者都不觉得冷;稳态局部热感觉与整体热舒适的拟合结果表明,足部热感觉对整体热舒适影响显著,下送风与分布式送风垂直温差小于3℃,在送风区域内,可以明显提升人体足部的热感觉,约75％的受试者对热环境表示满意.综合环境参数测试及问卷调查的结果,分布式送风热舒适性的综合效果最好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with