中子元素分析中干扰γ射线屏蔽研究

用中子发生器做中子源进行元素分析时,在辐照所测元素的同时,中子发生器组成材料、中子防护材料及探测γ射线装置都产生相应的γ射线,这些γ射线会对实际测量元素产生干扰.通过在中子发生器和探测器之间加铅可以屏蔽来自中子发生器一侧的γ射线.实验表明:当铅层厚度为80 mm时屏蔽效果最佳;用中子进行含C,H和O等元素的分析时,加铅层提高了测量精度.     

环氧树脂基辐射防护材料研究进展

 介绍了 γ射线和中子射线的特性及屏蔽机理,阐述了具有 γ射线防护功能、中子防护功能、中子伽马混合场防护功能的环氧树脂基复合材料的研究进展,展望了环氧树脂基屏蔽材料未来的发展与挑战。     

硫酸渣辐射屏蔽材料制备与效果评价

采用直接掺杂法分别制备了硫酸渣—混凝土、硫酸渣—粉煤灰—混凝土和铅—混凝土屏蔽材料,用Na I(TI)探测器、多道脉冲幅度分析仪和WINXCOM软件分析它们对γ射线的辐射防护能力.结果表明:硫酸渣制备的屏蔽材料辐射防护性能优于已有的石灰岩制备的屏蔽材料和FPPB屏蔽材料,可用作射线屏蔽材料,并有望实现固体废弃物的合理利用.     

基于MC法的PLC控制器辐射屏蔽研究

控制器的耐辐照性能是核环境作业机器人能否应用于高剂量率γ射线测量技术的基本指标之一,通过局部屏蔽或封装的方法可提高电子器件的耐辐射能力。论文采用MCNP5(基于蒙特卡罗方法计算中子、光子、电子输运问题的通用软件包)模拟研究了钨、铅等多种重金属及合金对γ射线的屏蔽性能,在模拟计算的基础上对屏蔽层材料及其厚度进行了优化设计。     

DL-ⅢA型γ射线探伤机

该型γ射线探伤机采用贫化铀作为屏蔽材料,具有屏蔽性能好、体积小、质量轻、安全可靠等特点,满足了用户的要求.该γ射线探机具有远距离控制、操作,使射源通道闭锁自动开启和自动关闭的功能,并且具有多道闭锁机构,防止因操作失误造成射线辐射泄漏,较国内外同类产品有更可靠的安全性,达到国内领先水平.该型号γ射线探伤机各项技术指标均达到设计要求,符合GB/T14058-93γ射线探伤机标准的有关规定.     

中子受激辐射计算机断层扫描成像系统的MCNP模拟

本文对中子受激辐射计算机断层扫描成像(NSECT)系统进行了仿真计算,包括中子源的选择、准直屏蔽系统的设计、屏蔽墙和靶体的设置以及探测器的布置.采用MCNP程序模拟了D-T中子源产生的14MeV左右中子束在NSECT系统中轰击代替人体组织的圆柱体水体模的中子输运过程,记录并获得了元素特征γ射线和出射中子的通量分布及能谱图,该研究对中子成像平台的搭建有指导作用.从特征γ射线和出射中子的通量分布及能谱可知,在Z=0的平面上与中子束传播方向呈43.6°–50.9°的方向上布置高能γ探测器更利于得到可靠的成像数据,其中48.5°方向上可得到最佳的成像数据.从特征γ射线能谱找到了~(16)O对应的特征峰,特征峰能量与靶体元素的激发能完全一致,说明NSECT具备元素识别和确定元素浓度的能力,证明了NSECT被应用到癌症的早期或超早期诊断以及检查藏匿的炸药、毒品等领域的可能性.     

镍合金对γ辐射屏蔽的蒙特卡罗模拟

随着核技术的广泛应用,辐射屏蔽安全越来越引起人们的关注。γ辐射防护中,典型屏蔽材料铅对人体有害,寻找绿色环保的屏蔽材料具有重要意义。本文运用蒙特卡罗MCNP-4C程序,模拟了铅和2种型号镍合金(Inconel600和Monel400)对不同能量的γ射线的屏蔽情况。模拟结果表明:镍合金的质量吸收系数随γ射线能量的增加减小缓慢,能量较高时(大于1.2Me V)与铅相近,表明可采用镍合金作为γ射线屏蔽材料。由于能量散射影响,镍合金相比铅会产生较多的低能γ射线,可采用多层屏蔽结构的方法消除这一影响。上述结果可为设计出更加有效、环保的γ辐射防护提供指导。     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的D-D中子发生器辐射防护研究

氘氘（D-D）中子发生器具有中子产额高，单色性好，可小型化等优势，因而在中子技术应用领域有着广阔的应用前景. D-D中子发生器产生的?2.5 MeV?中子由于穿透能力强以及穿过屏蔽层时产生二次γ射线因而难以屏蔽. 本课题旨在设计一个符合国家相关规定的D-D中子发生器辐射防护方案. 用蒙特卡罗程序模拟2.5 MeV中子以 1×108 n/s 通量穿过400 mm混凝土屏蔽墙时，工作人员所在监督区中子的最大周围剂量当量率为5.26 μSv/h，高于职业暴露剂量限值. 在此基础上，选用含硼高密度聚乙烯材料进行屏蔽加固. 蒙特卡罗模拟结果表明，屏蔽加固后监督区中子的最大周围剂量当量率为0.49 μSv/h，低于职业暴露剂量限值，其余各区域中子的周围剂量当量率也低于设计时要求的安全标准. 实验测量结果与蒙特卡罗模拟结果基本一致. 本文的研究结果为同类型D-D中子发生器的辐射防护提供了参考和借鉴.     

伴随粒子碳氧比测井的应用

为使伴随粒子碳氧比测井方法得到实际应用,本文利用Monte Carlo中子输运程序MCNP4C对伴随粒子碳氧比(C/O)测井模型进行了一系列模拟计算,研究了γ射线强度最大的源距与中子出射角度的关系;屏蔽体的长度、大小、材料、形状的不同设计与γ射线计数的关系等。研究表明:γ射线强度最大源距与中子出射角度的余弦成正比,而屏蔽体的不同设计对仪器性能有较大的影响,本研究可为仪器设计提供理论参考。     

多层屏蔽体在γ辐射下的多目标优化

在γ射线下对多层屏蔽体的性能进行函数建模,并采用遗传算法多目标优化思想对多层屏蔽材料就屏蔽性能、质量以及造价三个方面进行多目标优化,通过帕累托迭代和评价函数的甄别得到最优解。与此同时,将应用蒙特卡罗软件MCNP模拟计算γ辐射环境下的多种排列方式,通过对比多种方案的数据来确定多层屏蔽体多目标优化的最佳方案。通过与数据库的数据对照,以及多种方案结果的对比,证明了该种方法的可行性和正确性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that