闽浙沿岸上升流及其季节变化的数值研究

采用三维斜压非线性数值模式ECOMSED,同时考虑地形、边界流(台湾暖流、黑潮和长江冲淡水)、热通量及QuikSCAT风场等动力因子,对闽浙沿岸上升流及其季节变化进行了数值研究.结果表明,闽浙沿岸一年四季均有上升流存在,且上升流中心及上升流强度有明显的季节变化特征.其中,浙江沿岸舟山群岛和渔山列岛附近、福建沿岸海坛岛和马祖列岛附近四季均存在较强的上升流中心,上升流强度季节变化特征是"冬弱夏强".冬季上升流强度为10-3cm/s量级,沿岸平均上升流速约为0.3×10-3cm/s;夏季最大上升流速可达0.8×10-2cm/s,沿岸平均上升流速约为0.4×10-2cm/s.     

江苏近海的环流动力研究进展

江苏海域地形复杂,既有中部的辐射沙洲地形,又有北部的海州湾水下浅滩地形,具有特殊的海洋动力条件.全面了解江苏沿海的环流动力机制,包括江苏近海的冷水锋、江苏外海的冷水团、沿岸流、海州湾和吕泗海区的上升流以及江苏近海的激流现象等,以便进一步研究江苏沿海的地形形成的动力机制,这对于江苏沿海的开发利用具有很大的实用价值.     

西北太平洋环流和海温数值模拟

基于Ecom-si建立了一个西北太平洋海洋数值模式,综合考虑了侧边界通量、海表面风应力、热通量、蒸发和降水等因素,模拟并分析了西北太平洋环流和海温的基本特征.模式验证结果表明,模式计算的海温与日本2008年西北太平洋实测温度走航断面资料吻合良好.模式再现了低纬度海区表层自东向西流动的北赤道流、强西边界流黑潮、东海的台湾...     

长江口枯季水动力悬沙特征与再悬浮研究

2004年2月13~22日枯季大小潮期间在长江口北港、口门及口外进行了水动力、悬沙浓度和盐度的全潮观测,并对数据进行分析,同时对研究区域的再悬浮/沉降通量进行计算,进而讨论长江口枯季水动力和再悬浮特征.结果表明,长江口外以潮流作用为主,但流速、悬沙浓度和盐度的分布和变化仍与径流作用有关,观测期间再悬浮现象不显著.北港内及口门处,径流作用较强,盐度较低,落潮流速大于涨潮流速,当流速较大时,底部再悬浮作用显著.计算结果表明,再悬浮通量的数量级为10-3~10-6kg m-2s-1,沉降通量为10-9~10-10kg m-2s-1.     

长江河口沿海区域温带风暴潮预报模式的建立与应用

长江口地区既受到台风风暴潮影响,又受到温带风暴潮影响,而长江口地区温带风暴潮研究较少.因此,本文利用新一代中尺度大气模式——WRF,结合有限元二维水动力模型——ADCIRC,并耦合近海浅水风浪数值模型——SWAN,建立了一个长江口及邻近区域温带风暴潮预报模型.利用实测资料对温带风暴潮模型进行率定和后报检验,相对误差控制在10%之内.利用该模型,对温带风暴潮增水的特征及机制进行讨论分析,对比了风应力和气压对增水的贡献,并探讨了增减水对风向的响应,得到了一些有意义的结果.     

夏季苏北沿岸流对长江冲淡水扩展影响的数值模拟

建立一个σ坐标系下三维非线性斜压浅海与陆架模式，并首次应用于长江冲放展机制的研究。考虑实际海岸形状和海底地形，在空间完全交错的网格系统丈犀离散化控制方程组，采用ＡＤＩ计算方法数值求解。数值试验结果首次表明，在夏季长江口水位向外倾斜，冲淡水穿越等水位线运动，远离长江口水位倾向东北，冲淡水沿水位坡面运动，同时再现了伸向东北的冲淡水舌和东海陆架上的环流结构。夏季苏北沿岸流作为长江口北部海区的一股势力，阻     

黄渤海三维斜压环流的数值诊断模拟

给出一黄渤海三维斜压的数值诊断环流模式，并进行了环流的数值模拟。在黄渤海冬季主夏季的环流模拟研究中，考虑了影响环流的因素，如海面风应力，热盐效应，地形及边界交换等影响因子。由模拟结果，正确再现了黄海冷水团密度环流、黄海暖流和沿岸流等的三维特征，并对这些特征的成因进行了分析。     

长江口及其邻近海域低氧现象的历史变化及发生机制

通过回顾历年关于长江口及邻近海域低氧区的相关文献记录,结合目前已有的调查研究结果,从动力机制,地质地理环境,生物化学地球过程三个方面来总结低氧水体发展过程,并得出以下结论:(1)冲淡水与台湾暖流的入侵所形成的强烈层化现象阻止溶解氧的垂向输运,是造成低氧主要原因;(2)陆源有机物输入量增加与上升流带来丰富的营养盐,提高了水体初级生产力,生物体呼吸耗氧与有机分解耗氧恶化了长江口外的低氧现象;(3)长江口外特殊的陡坡式地形与水下河谷地形保护低氧水免于被破坏,并为低氧水的扩张提供帮助。     

长江营养盐浓度的增加对邻近海区海–气CO_2通量的影响

近50年来,长江溶解无机氮和溶解无机磷营养盐浓度不断增加,对长江口邻近海区生态系统产生影响的同时,也对海–气CO_2通量带来扰动.基于三维的东中国海生态动力–无机碳循环耦合模型,设计敏感性实验,在不考虑营养盐结构变化的前提下,假设长江营养盐浓度各增加50%,,模拟长江营养盐输入增加情景,探究其对长江口邻近海区海–气CO_2通量的影响.结果表明:与参考实验相比,长江营养盐浓度的增加使得夏季长江浅滩大气CO_2向海通量增加,海表可多吸收约68%,的大气CO_2,而冬季长江浅滩和苏北浅滩大气CO_2向海通量减小,即冬季碳汇作用减弱,全年尺度上长江浅滩吸收CO_2的能力增强约6%,.长江营养盐浓度增加所致的生物效应主控长江口邻近海区溶解无机碳的变化,进而对海–气CO_2通量产生影响.     

夏季长江口与苏北海域之间的水体运动及其对动力因子的响应

基于一个高分辨率的三维数值模式,定量化研究了夏季长江口与苏北海域之间的水体运动规律,探讨了季风和潮汐等外部动力因子对该海域水体运动的影响,并计算了苏北特定断面上的水体通量、长江淡水通量和苏北河流淡水通量.数值模拟结果表明,在气候态条件下,苏北海域水体净输运整体向北,苏北浅滩附近的水体净输运速度为10 cm/s,射阳河口附近水体产生离岸净输运速度,而沿40 m等深线的水体净输运速度为7cm/s左右.苏北近岸水体通量具有大小潮变化,小潮时断面水体通量最小,大潮时水体通量最大.潮汐对于长江口与苏北海域之间的水体运动具有巨大的影响,当没有潮汐作用时,长江口以北海域水体净输运均向北,沿40 m等深线的东南方向水体输运现象消失;季风对于该海域的水体运动没有显著影响,仅仅改变了局部区域的水体输运量.     

海南岛西岸上升流与暖池的数值研究

【目的】进一步探讨海南岛西岸的上升流与暖池的特征及生成机制。【方法】首先构建更为全面的控制模型(控制实验),包括日平均风场、热通量、侧边界通量、潮汐强迫以及河流径流等强迫场,然后在控制实验基础上,构建无潮汐强迫、无热通量强迫、无季风强迫等3个敏感性实验来分析3种强迫因子对海南岛西岸上升流与暖池的作用。【结果】夏季海南岛西岸存在上升流,该上升流受热通量和潮混合共同控制,缺乏其中任何一项上升流都会消失,而西南季风起反作用。另外,海南岛西岸在冬半年为暖池控制,秋季更为显著。东北季风引起的垂向混合与潜热通量对暖池起相当作用,ENSO事件对暖池的强度也有一定影响。【结论】控制实验结果与"908"调查结果及历史观测数据吻合较好,在流场与水团验证方面效果理想。另外,敏感性实验结果得出了比前人更完善的海南岛西岸上升流与暖池生成机制的观点。     

Dynamic mechanism of the upwelling on the west side of the submerged river valley off the Changjiang mouth in summertime

Based on the analysis of the field observation data off the Changjiang mouth in August 2000 and satellite image of sea surface temperature (SST) in summer of 1997, it indicates that there exists the upwelling event on the west side of the submerged river valley (SRV) off the Changjiang mouth. The calculated results of the three-dimensional numerical model show that this upwelling is induced by the barotropic effect, baroclinic effect, bottom Ekman effect and their interaction with the slope bottom topography. The baroclinic effect is the main cause producing the upwelling at the northern SRV (on the east side of the South Passage of the Changjiang estuary), while the barotropic effect is the main cause at the southern SRV (on the east side of the center of the Hangzhou Bay mouth). The dynamic mechanism producing the upweiling off the Changjiang mouth is different with the general one along coast and on the continental shelf.     

Deep convection in the Irminger Sea forced by the Greenland tip jet

Open-ocean deep convection, one of the processes by which deep waters of the world's oceans are formed, is restricted to a small number of locations (for example, the Mediterranean and Labrador seas). Recently, the southwest Irminger Sea has been suggested as an additional location for open-ocean deep convection. The deep water formed in the Irminger Sea has the characteristic temperature and salinity of the water mass that fills the mid-depth North Atlantic Ocean, which had been believed to be formed entirely in the Labrador basin. Here we show that the most likely cause of the convection in the Irminger Sea is a low-level atmospheric jet known as the Greenland tip jet, which forms periodically in the lee of Cape Farewell, Greenland, and is associated with elevated heat flux and strong wind stress curl. Using a history of tip-jet events derived from meteorological land station data and a regional oceanic numerical model, we demonstrate that deep convection can occur in this region when the North Atlantic Oscillation Index is high, which is consistent with observations. This mechanism of convection in the Irminger Sea differs significantly from those known to operate in the Labrador and Mediterranean seas.     

Spring upper warm water of the Nansha Islands sea area in the South China Sea and the numerical study on its dynamic mechanism

According to the satellite remote sensing monthly mean sea surface temperature data and in situ observational Conductivity-Temperature-Depth data, it is shown that in spring, at the upper layer to the west of Palawan Island, there exists a relatively weak warm water tongue which is distinctly different from the cold water southeast of the Balabac Strait. The relative temperature difference between the warm and cold water reduces gradually from winter to spring. P-vector method is employed to calculate the current field based on the in situ observational data, which shows that the warm water is within an anticyclonic meander. Based on the remote sensing wind stress during the observational period, a coupled single-layer/two-layer model is employed to study the dynamic mechanism of this anticyclonic meander current field corresponding to the warm water tongue. According to the numerical results, it is suggested that this anticyclonic meander could be mainly the residue of the winter anticyclonic eddy, rather than formed by the inflow water from the Sulu Sea via the Balabac Strait.     

潮汐风暴潮中波浪对表面风应力系数的影响

利用依赖波浪成长状态波龄在表面风应力作用下的潮汐风暴潮数值模式,对渤海2个风过程个例引起的水位做了数值模拟研究,并给出了波浪作用下表面风应力系数大小的定量计算.个例1数值模拟结果表明,在最大风速时,考虑波浪作用的表面风应力数值是不考虑波浪作用时的1.5倍;相应的水位比不考虑波浪作用时的结果增大16 cm,与实测值更加吻合.个例2的计算结果也得到了类似结论,表明在进行潮汐风暴潮数值模拟时,必须考虑波浪的作用.     

河口形状对河口环流和盐水入侵的影响

作者应用改进的ECOM模式，通过设计一个平直和喇叭形理想河口，研究河口形状对环流和盐水入侵影响。盐水入侵产生盐度锋面，在锋面处底层存在着向陆的密度流，为保持断面上质量连续，上层的流速明显增大；表层流有偏北的分量，底层流有向南分量，表明有横向环流存在。盐水入侵产生的盐度锋面在水平面上向西北倾斜，北岸盐水入侵比那南岸大，在垂直上向上游倾斜，底层盐水入侵比表层大，高盐水位于北岸的下层。张潮流、向陆的密度流和混合是产生盐水入侵的动力因子。科氏力使涨潮流向北岸偏转，向陆的密度流存在于底层，这种动力机制导致了盐度分布的不对称。盐度横向分布产生的斜压压强梯度力指向南岸，并随水深增加，导致底层流向南岸流动；因要满足质量守衡，在北岸因底层流的辐散产生下降流、水位下降，而在南岸因底层流的辐合产生上升流、水位抬升，水位的横向分布又导致表层流向北，想成一垂向横向环流。喇叭形河口因口门内河口变宽，造成流的幅散，向海的流速减少和产生上升流，底层向陆的密度流向西流动的距离减少，口门处盐度增加，但盐水向西入侵的距离减少；河口喇叭扣南岸下层也出现明显的高盐水；垂直混合增强，盐度垂向趋于均匀。     

Simulation of meridional overturning in the upper layer of the South China Sea with an idealized bottom topography

The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the northwestern Pacific. Several important water gateways exist around the SCS, such as Luzon Strait, Taiwan Strait, etc., that lie in the northeastern SCS, and others like Kalimantan Strait, Balawan Strait, etc., lie in the south. Luzon Strait connects the SCS and Pacific via the Philippine Sea, and its water exchange has significant impact on the interior circulations of the SCS[1]. Since direct observation data about the …     

Simulation or meridional overturning in the upper layer of the South China Sea with an idealized bottom topography

The large-scale upper circulations and meridional overturning in the upper layer of the South China Sea (SCS) with idealized bottom topography in winter and summer are investigated. Simulations with the GFDL general circulation model are carried out under the conditions of open or enclosed boundary regarding transport in the Luzon Strait. The intrusion area of Kuroshio, its impact on the meridional overturning in the upper layer of the SCS and seasonal characteristic of this impact are explored, respectively. The model is forced by climatological wind stress and relaxed to monthly mean climatological temperature and salinity. The resultant meridional overturning is non-enclosed, wit htransporting from north to south in the surface and returning to north at the depth of about 500 m in winter, about 200 m in summer, with amplitudes of 10^5 m^3/s. It shows the transporting path of intermediate water of the SCS and offers an idealized reference for further study on dynamics of wind-driven and thermohaline circulation of the SCS.     

渤海典型余环流及其影响因素研究

以大阪大学海湾模型（ODEM）,三维斜压水动力模型研究了渤海夏、冬季节典型余环流结构及其控制园子的影响．浅析了不同计算工况下余流结构对海域不同部分水交换能力的影响．通过分析渤海中部流速的垂向分布,探讨了潮汐、季风和表面热交换对杂环流的贡献．从表面和底层的潮余流结构可以看出渤海的余环流由多个而不是一个旋涡构成,海域的地形和海岸线形状是控制沿岸潮余流结构的主要因素．渤海典型风向下的夏季风和冬季风对余环流的影响差异较大;区域性热盐效应导致的密度流不管是否引起层化现象都会对凤生流和潮余流产生较大的影响．