提高陶瓷强韧化的技术途径

本文综述了近年来在陶瓷强韧化方面所取得的进展.包括采用原料纯化、晶粒细化、相变韧化、微孔球化、表面强化.预应力强化、低膨胀陶瓷、金属补强、纤维增强等技术措施.     

PCrNi3MoVA钢的动态断裂性能

用预制裂纹的CHARPY试样在装备有载荷、位移传感器及微型计算机的冲击试验机上测定了PCrNi3MoVA钢的动态断裂性能,比较了不同冲击速度,不同载面尺寸的试样对K_(Id)的影响,并测出了低温-40℃时的K_(Id)值.     

高温高压气体状态方程的中观模型

本文采用中观观点,应用平均势能〈φ〉推出高温高压气体的物态方程,既可避免Haar-Shenker方程中某些含混之处,又可消除Lennard-Jones势能模型中某些决定性与随机性混淆的缺点,同时平均势能〈φ〉直接是温度和密度的函数,在计算上可以免除在不同密度区间选择不同势能的麻烦.     

Green函数法在轴对称圆板中的应用

本文引入Green函数求解了在线载和线偶作用下的圆板问题,文中的方法与经典的方法比较,避免了求方程的特解,所得的结果与经典解是相同的.     

边界元计算厚壁筒内外表面裂纹应力强度因子

本文研究了计算半随圆表面裂纹应力强度因子的边界元方法.文中提出了奇异等参元的合理布置,计算了内壁和外壁具有半椭圆表面裂纹圆筒的应力强度因子.     

非线性随机参数激励系统的矩稳定性研究

本文研究非线性随机参数激励系统的矩稳定性问题,文中首先采用随机平均法将非线性振动方程变换为伊藤微分方程,然后再利用伊藤微分法则得到各阶矩方程.从而得到一类非线性随机振动系统的矩稳定性条件.作为本文结果的特殊情说与文献[7]中使用矩截断法所得到的结果完全一致.     

用加权残值法确定光弹平面复合型应力强度因子

本文采用配线加权方法,选1/N~2r为加权函数,用全场等色条纹边界线确定断裂参量,适当修正麦克劳林-牛顿法来提高计算效率和精度.     

粘性正压流体流动的广义功率消耗原理和广义变分原理

本文用一种新方法研究粘性正压流体流动问题的变分原理.这一方法的特点是引入了一般非线性正压流体的静水压力能密度和余能密度的概念,建立了一般正压流体物态方程的泛函极值原理、粘性非线性正压流体流动问题的广义功率消耗原理和一些有关的广义变分原理.建立的泛函中,含有可供任意选择的参数函数.文中还指出在粘性流体力学的若干已知的变分原理中,自变函数σ_(ij)需限制在对称张量范围内.     

电导法测离解平衡常数数据处理方法的改进

本文以T.Shedlovsky法为例,对电导法测定离解常数的经典数据处理方法进行了改进,通过计算机的应用,大大地减少了实验工作量,简化了数据处理过程,使结果变得更为准确、可靠。     

气缸张开式尾翼的测试与计算

本文对某破甲弹用高速摄影仪拍摄尾翼张开过程的振动,压力测试系统测量气缸室内的模拟压力曲线,并对气缸内p-t曲线进行理论计算.为研究气缸张开式尾翼张开过程的振动,防止引信炮口早炸提供测试方法与计算.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the