混合动力电动汽车的研发实践

混合动力汽车HEV(Hybrid Electric Vehicle)有两个以上的动力源,通过加速助力、再生制动、怠速启停等措施和系统能量管理,可实现比常规汽车CV(Conventional Vehicle)更好的动力性、经济性和排放性能.采用集成发电机/电动机ISG(Integrated Starter and Generator)和ISG控制器作为助力装置,采用蓄电池和电池管理系统作为能量平衡单元,采用多能源动力总成管理系统作为混合动力系统的中央控制单元,分别采用手动变速器MT(Manual Transmission)和自动变速器CVT作为混合动力汽车的传动系统,完成了两款混合动力电动汽车样车的研制.     

并联式混合动力汽车机械式自动变速器换档策略

并联式混合动力汽车(Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle,PHEV)档位决策作为能量管理策略的一部分,对整车动力性、经济性及排放性能有较大影响.混合动力汽车换档策略不仅要考虑发动机,还要考虑电机和电池系统的影响.基于电池电能的等效燃油概念,通过考虑电池充、放电过程中的能量损失,将充、放电生成或消耗的电能折算为等效燃油,由此得到不同档位时整车的综合燃油消耗,进而选取燃油消耗较小时的档位使整车经济性能指标达到最优.同时,该方法也通用于装备液力自动变速器(Automatic Transmission,AT)等有级式自动变速器的混合动力汽车换档策略制定.     

柴油串联式混合动力控制系统试验研究

以能量管理和辅助动力单元(APU)控制为核心的动力控制系统,决定了柴油串联式混合动力客车的燃油经济性和排放性能。通过建立的一套串联式混合动力系统测试平台,以中国客车城区道路循环工况为基准,测试动力系统油耗、发动机排放和蓄电池SOC,以评价能量管理和APU控制性能。结果表明:APU采用前馈+反馈控制,能够完成定转速控制和变转速控制;同时基于模糊规则的能量管理策略在APU变转速控制,SOC为40%时,使得该混合动力系统的经济性比原型车(38 L/100 km)提高20%;采用定转速的APU控制与采用变转速的APU控制相比,油耗增加5.7%,烟度值降低42%,NOx增加4%。     

ISG混合动力再生制动系统硬件在环仿真

再生制动可显著降低燃油消耗从而降低废气排放,是混合动力汽车的重要工作模式之一．以ISG型混合动力长安轿车为原型,进行了基于制动能量分配控制策略的整车制动动力学建模与离线仿真,并在ISG型混合动力系统上构建了dSPACE环境下的再生制动试验平台,进行了基于再生制动控制策略的硬件在环仿真,对不同车速、制动强度、变速器档位和离合器状态下的再生制动系统性能进行了测试与分析,为优化混合动力汽车再生制动控制策略奠定了基础．     

混合动力电动汽车能量管理技术研究综述

能量管理策略对于提高混合动力电动汽车的燃油经济性、保护系统的健康状态、以及减少温室气体排放具有至关重要的作用,但由于动力系统复杂的非线性结构以及在线应用的实时性要求,开发高效的能量管理策略仍是一项极具挑战性的任务. 为此,本文对能量管理技术的研究进展进行了全面的总结. 首先,综述目前混合动力电动汽车广泛采用的机电耦合系统,总结各类系统的拓扑结构与运行特点;其次,综合分析近年来能量管理策略的研究进展以及发展趋势;同时从最优性以及实时性等关键技术指标出发,评价各类方法的技术优势与不足,为进一步的工程应用提供参考;最后,展望能量管理技术未来的研究方向,希望为能量管理策略在智能网联环境下的发展提供借鉴.      

一种城市公交车用混联式混合动力系统的设计研究

在主要研究搭载ISG(integrated starter/generator)并联式混合动力城市公交车的技术背景下,设计一种搭载ISG混联式混合动力公交车的动力系统.采用以发动机效率最优为目标和以整车动力性需求为约束条件的能量控制策略,利用Cruise软件进行整车的动力性和经济性仿真.仿真结果表明,系统各工作模式切换平顺稳定,目标车速跟踪效果好.最后,在实车试验中进行参数标定和测试,证明了该动力系统方案及其控制策略的可行性.     

并联混合动力城市客车控制策略研究

针对以解放牌城市客车为原型车的并联混合动力系统的能量管理和动力控制建立了动态仿真模型,仿真分析了并联电力助动控制策略、自适应控制策略和模糊逻辑控制策略各自的特点.结果表明,不同控制策略的决策方式和优化目标不同,从而导致车辆的动力性、燃料经济性和排放性有较大的差别.由于车辆的动力性、燃料经济性和排放性是相互制约的指标,控制策略要综合考虑对这三者的要求,选择合适的折中方案.另外,控制策略的性能还与车辆工况有关,好的控制策略应该能根据车辆行驶条件的变化调整其决策方式,使其具有路线适应能力.     

HEV再生制动过程中CVT速比控制策略

考虑混合动力汽车制动安全性和燃油经济性,提出了一种基于电池SOC值和制动强度的再生制动力控制策略.提出了通过调节CVT的速比及控制电机工作在高效区来提高电机发电效率的再生制动控制方法.进行了整车再生制动系统建模和典型城市驱动循环工况下的仿真,结果表明,提出的CVT速比控制策略能使以CVT为变速器的混合动力汽车比以MT为变速器的混合动力汽车在ECE EUDC驱动循环工况下的再生制动能量回收率提高2.86%.     

液压挖掘机混合动力系统节能特性及试验研究

针对目前液压挖掘机能量利用率低、油耗高的问题,分析挖掘机在典型作业工况下的能量损耗,确定混合动力系统进行节能研究的重要方向.根据混合动力挖掘机的特点,提出基于超级电容与电机的并联式油电混合动力系统方案,以山河智能公司20吨级液压挖掘机为平台建立系统仿真模型,对系统动力耦合特性、控制策略及超级电容SOC等因素给混合动力挖掘机节能效果带来的影响进行理论计算和仿真分析,并对系统关键参数进行了优化匹配.搭建液压挖掘机混合动力系统试验平台,对系统的节能效果进行试验验证.研究结果表明,采用油电并联混合动力系统,并选择合适的动力耦合参数、瞬时优化控制策略及超级电容SOC补偿参数有利于提高液压挖掘机的节能指标,节能效率可改善20%以上.     

基于机械自动变速器的电动变速驱动转矩控制最优换档策略

对机械自动变速器(Automatic Mechanical Transmission,AMT)的电动变速驱动单元(Electric Transmission Driver,ETD)在不同换档工况下的输入转矩控制换档策略进行了深入研究,并进行了实车道路试验.试验结果表明,装备电动变速驱动单元的混合动力汽车的换档质量、行驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性比装配传统AMT的原型车得到了较大提升.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that