凝胶聚合物电解质MnO2/AC电容器的研究

采用液相氧化法制备了MnO2超级电容器电极材料,以MnO2为正极材料,活性炭(AC)为负极材料,丙烯腈作聚合物单体,碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与碳酸乙烯酯(EC)的混和液作增塑剂,高氯酸锂为支持电解质,采用内聚合法制备PAN基凝胶聚合物电解质MnO2/AC混合电容器.通过循环伏安、交流阻抗、恒流充放电等测试方法对混合电容器的电化学性能进行了测试.结果表明:混合电容器的工作电压为2.5 V,比容量为27.3 F/g(i=0.5 mA/cm2),比同电解质体系的AC/AC电容器提高约48.21%.     

聚乙烯醇-氢氧化钾-硫氰酸钾凝胶电解质在超级电容器中的应用研究

制备了一种具有氧化还原活性的聚乙烯醇-氢氧化钾-硫氰酸钾(PVA-KOH-KSCN)凝胶电解质,用于活性炭超级电容器的研究.利用循环伏安法、恒电流充放电、交流阻抗谱等电化学测试方法进行表征.结果表明,KSCN的引入提高了电解质的电导率和电极的电容.在相同电流密度时,以PVA-KOH-KSCN为凝胶电解质的超级电容器电极比电容比以PVA-KOH为凝胶电解质的提高了约73%,达到209.48F/g,此外,超级电容器还表现出良好的循环稳定性.     

可生物降解的明胶基凝胶电解质超级电容器

可生物降解的凝胶电解质超级电容器是一种绿色的能源储存装置。制备了戊二醛交联明胶-Na Cl凝胶电解质(CGPE),并与聚吡咯不锈钢电极组装成超级电容器。通过FTIR、SEM表征了CGPE的结构和形貌,电化学工作站测试了CGPE的电导率和超级电容器的比电容值。结果表明:CGPE有均匀分布的纳米孔洞结构,在室温下,CGPE的离子电导率为5.24×10~(-2)S/cm,组装的超级电容器比电容值为45.8 F/g。可生物降解的凝胶电解将为植入能源装置提供可能。     

一种新型聚氧化乙烯基凝胶型聚合物电解质的制备及其性能

通过紫外固化的方法合成了一种新型的聚氧化乙烯(PEO)基凝胶型聚合物膜,该聚合物膜具有适当的交联密度、良好的空间结构稳定性以及吸附液体电解液的性能.利用所合成的凝胶型聚合物膜制备了凝胶型聚合物电解质.研究表明,该聚合物电解质膜具有较高的离子电导率,其室温离子电导率最高可达1 mS/cm左右;较宽的电化学稳定窗口和较好的热稳定性能,可达到锂离子二次电池的使用要求.     

细菌纤维素凝胶聚合物电解质的制备与性能

利用溶剂转换法制备新型锂离子电池凝胶聚合物电解质(GPE).通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重(TG)分析、广角X射线衍射(WXRD)、力学拉伸及交流阻抗等测试,分析了细菌纤维素凝胶聚合物电解质的微观形态、结构以及电化学性能.研究结果表明:室温下细菌纤维素凝胶聚合物电解质的离子电导率高达1.6×10-2S/cm,拉伸强度达到39.8MPa,其在锂离子电池开发中具有良好的应用前景.     

含氟聚合物对电解质电导率的影响

采用溶液浇铸的方法制备了以PEO LiClO4(聚氧乙烯高氯酸锂)为基质的共混聚合物膜.运用差热示差扫描热分析和交流阻抗的测试方法,研究了聚合物电解质电导率的影响因素.交流阻抗的测试结果显示,随着PVDF(偏氟乙烯)的加入,含有PEO LiClO4的聚合物电解质的离子电导率会随之下降,然而偏氟乙烯六氟丙烯共聚物P(VDF HFP)加入后,在适量范围内聚合物电解质的电导率会增加.当PEO∶P(VDF HFP)的质量分数为1∶0.5时,电导率(δ)最大,其值为2.3×10-4S/cm.DSC的测试结果表明,P(VDF HFP)的加入后,混合物的熔融温度和熔融峰热焓都会随之下降.研究表明对PEO的共混改性可以显著提高电解质电导率.     

PVA-PAA-KOH碱性凝胶聚合物电解质薄膜的研究

由聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚丙烯酸(PAA)成功制备了PVA-PAA-KOH碱性凝胶聚合物电解质薄膜.XRD结果表明,PAA和KOH的加入,有效降低了PVA的结晶程度,并使得该薄膜处于无定形态.交流阻抗结果表明,该薄膜的电导率随着PVA含量的增加而减小.当薄膜组成为PVA:AA:KOH=10:50:40(质量比)时,其室温电导率最大,为2.4×10-2S/cm.循环伏安(CV)和激光拉曼光谱结果表明,该电解质膜具有较好的电化学稳定性.以此薄膜为电解质组装聚合物镍氢二次电池,结果表明,与碱性水溶液为电解液的电池相比,该聚合物电池具有较优的循环寿命,低倍率放电性能良好.     

PVA基碱性复合聚合物电解质的制备及其性能

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)、丙三醇(GROL)、SiO2、KOH为原料,采用溶液浇铸法制备PVA基碱性复合聚合物电解质(ASPE)膜.运用交流阻抗法、循环伏安法、X线衍射和红外光谱等技术表征其性能.研究结果表明:添加增塑剂GROL后体系的电化学稳定窗口及力学性能有所降低,在具备良好机械强度前提下,适量GROL的加入可以显著提高体系的离子电导率;PVA/SiO2/KOH/H2O ASPE显示了良好的电化学性能和力学性能,当SiO2添加量为7%(质量分数)时,碱性聚合物电解质的室温离子电导率达到最高14.56×10-3 S/cm,与纯PVA/KOH相比提高了1个数量级;电化学稳定窗口为2.4V,50次循环后窗口大小基本不变.     

冷压压力对镍基超级电容器电极材料电化学性能的调控

采用粉末压片法,以泡沫镍为集流体,制备镍基超级电容器电极材料.在冷压压力为2～10 MPa时,采用扫描电镜观测样品的微观结构,以KOH溶液作为电解液,测试样品的循环伏安、恒流充放电、交流阻抗等电化学性能.研究结果表明:冷压压力对镍基超级电容器电极材料循环伏安特性、恒定电流充放电和交流阻抗的调控有积极的意义.     

钴镍基二元超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能

以泡沫镍为集流体,采用压片法,在8MPa压力下制备钴镍基一/二元超级电容器电极材料.通过电化学工作站测试样品的循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗等电化学性能.研究结果表明,钴镍基二元超级电容器电极材料的综合电化学性能高于相应的一元电极材料.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-