多光源非均匀光照场景的颜色恒常性

针对多光源非均匀光照场景,提出了一种新的颜色恒常性解决方法.首先将场景图像划分成若干较小区域,分别对各区域光源颜色进行估计,然后根据各区域对场景光源颜色的贡献合并为一种复合光源颜色作为场景光源颜色的近似估计,最后通过对角模型重构图像.实验结果表明,扩展的方法能够更好地解决多光源非均匀光照等场景的颜色恒常性问题.     

Interaction between colour and motion in human vision

There is a wealth of anatomical and psychological evidence which suggests that when people look at an object in the visual world, its various attributes such as colour, 'form', motion and depth are analysed by separate channels in the visual system. If so, how are these attributes put back together again to create a unified picture of the object? And if the object moves rapidly, how is perfect perceptual synchrony maintained between different features on its surface, if it is indeed true that they are being processed separately? Our evidence suggests that the visual system extracts certain conspicuous image features based on luminance contrast, and that the signals derived from these are then attributed to other features on the object, a process that we call 'capture'. Specifically, we find that when either illusory contours or random-dot patterns are moved in the vicinity of a colour-border, the colour border will also seem to move in the same direction even though it is physically stationary.     

最优区域与离散小波变换结合的颜色恒常性计算算法

颜色恒常性计算就是通过消除光照对颜色的影响,得到与光照无关的稳定的颜色描述因子。目前基于底层特征驱动的颜色恒常性算法,大多数利用整幅图像的像素信息来估计场景的光照。然而,并不是所有的像素点都包含颜色恒常性计算的有效信息,而且没有考虑像素点周围的空间信息的影响。本文针对这两个问题提出一种基于最优区域选择和离散小波变换结合的颜色恒常性算法,在分割区域上进行不同尺度的离散小波变换,利用得到的小波系数估计出不同区域不同尺度上的误差,选择出误差最小的分割区域用于整幅图像的光照估计。该算法简单易行,实验结果证明可以取得比较好的光照估计效果。     

Effect of nluminants on the Colour Appearance of Reactive - dyed Cotton

The colour appearance of dyed textile materials changes with the viewing condition, especially with a change in the light source or Illuminant. The attitude and magnitude of the change vary with the hue of the colour, the light absorbance nature of the dye and the colour depth to which it is dyed. This paper examines the change in colour appearance of reactive - dyed cotton when the light source is changed from CIE Uluminant D65 to CIE illuminant A. Reactive dyes of primary hues were selected and applied at various depths and the dyed colours were assessed with reference to changing the illuminant.     

Transparency and coherence in human motion perception

When confronted with moving images, the visual system often must decide whether the motion signals arise from a single object or from multiple objects. A special case of this problem arises when two independently moving gratings are superimposed. The gratings tend to cohere and move unambiguously in a single direction (pattern motion) instead of moving independently (component motion). Here we report that the tendency to see pattern motion depends very strongly on the luminance of the intersections (that is, to regions where the gratings overlap) relative to that of the gratings in a way that closely parallels the physics of transparency. When the luminance of these regions is chosen appropriately, pattern motion is destroyed and replaced by the appearance of two transparent gratings moving independently. The observations imply that motion detecting mechanisms in the visual system must have access to tacit 'knowledge' of the physics of transparency and that this knowledge can be used to segment the scene into different objects. The same knowledge could, in principle, be used to avoid confusing shadows with real object boundaries.     

三维云场景的模拟

为了模拟逼真且实时的三维云场景,把云团看成是受太阳光照射的粒子集,采用基于粒子系统的技术对三维云模型进行构建。通过比较云粒子、太阳和视点三者的关系,引入光照散射函数对云进行渲染。对现有的多重前向散射光照模型进行了简化和改进,使用纹理映射和O penGL函数进行加速。实现了三维天空背景的实时漫游。仿真结果表明,生成的三维云场景既有较好的真实感,又具有良好的实时性。     

基于TracePro的发光二极管均匀照明光源设计

基于光学原理的三维无损测量在工业生产过程中被广泛应用,论文采用光学仿真模拟软件Tracepro进行照明光源的模拟仿真,在保证光照强度的同时,实现图像采集方案对光照均匀度的要求。通过分析光源的排列方式、层数,照射角度以及照射角度与实际被测场景的对应调整关系,确定各因素对光照均匀度的影响。通过仿真分析可得,在半径200mm的圆形设定视场内,当光源以四层正六边形排布,在与被测物垂直距离为500mm,照射角度为9°时,光照均匀度达到94.67%。根据仿真结果进行照明系统构建并进行实验,实验结果与仿真结果相符合。     

Image segmentation and lightness perception

The perception of surface albedo (lightness) is one of the most basic aspects of visual awareness. It is well known that the apparent lightness of a target depends on the context in which it is embedded, but there is extensive debate about the computations and representations underlying perceived lightness. One view asserts that the visual system explicitly separates surface reflectance from the prevailing illumination and atmospheric conditions in which it is embedded, generating layered image representations. Some recent theory has challenged this view and asserted that the human visual system derives surface lightness without explicitly segmenting images into multiple layers. Here we present new lightness illusions--the largest reported to date--that unequivocally demonstrate the effect that layered image representations can have in lightness perception. We show that the computations that underlie the decomposition of luminance into multiple layers under conditions of transparency can induce dramatic lightness illusions, causing identical texture patches to appear either black or white. These results indicate that mechanisms involved in decomposing images into layered representations can play a decisive role in the perception of surface lightness.     

Application of Modern Colour Measurement Dervices in Coloration Industries

In colour measurement ralated industry, reflectance spectrophotometer is the one of the popular measuring machine for measuring colour and quality control. Colour communications is frequently confusing. This is because the colour appearance is subject to the influence of at least three different phenomena: the light source, the object and the visual system. The variation in either the radiant quantity or the spectral distribution of the source can alter the observed colour. Because of this reason, the objective quantitative tool, colour measurement equipment and communication method; become more important in evaluating of the colour. In fact, based on the advanced in computer system and electronic device, the colour measurement becomes more and more accuracy, especially in spectrophotometer measurement. In this paper, we will focus on the review of modern spectrophotometers in coloration industries.     

Perception of three-dimensional shape influences colour perception through mutual illumination

Objects in the natural world possess different visual attributes, including shape, colour, surface texture and motion. Previous perceptual studies have assumed that the brain analyses the colour of a surface independently of its three-dimensional shape and viewing geometry, although there are neural connections between colour and two-dimensional form processing early in the visual pathway. Here we show that colour perception is strongly influenced by three-dimensional shape perception in a novel, chromatic version of the Mach Card--a concave folded card with one side made of magenta paper and the other of white paper. The light reflected from the magenta paper casts a pinkish glow on the white side. The perceived colour of the white side changes from pale pink to deep magenta when the perceived shape of the card flips from concave to convex. The effect demonstrates that the human visual system incorporates knowledge of mutual illumination-the physics of light reflection between surfaces--at an early stage in colour perception.     

基于颜色图直方图的监督颜色恒常性算法

在颜色物体识别等应用中，获取不随光照变化的颜色恒常性特征是问题的关键。监督颜色恒常性方法，即通过在环境中放置校正用的颜色片来计算并消除光照的影响，由于其简单方便而得到了广泛的应用。在本文中，基于对直方图光照不变量的分析，提出了一种新的监督颜色恒常性算法。该算法与传统算法相比较，不需要知道颜色片的反射率和成象系统的通道响应，从而大大简化了实现的要求。文中给出了算法的基本思想，并对实验结果进行了分析。     

Simulating Human Visual Perception in Nighttime Illumination

This paper presents an image-based algorithm for simulating the visual adaptation of the human visual system to various illuminations,especially in dark nighttime conditions.The human visual system exhibits different characteristics depending on the illumination intensity,with photopic vision in bright conditions,scotopic vision in dark conditions,and mesopic vision between these two.A computational model is designed to simulate multiple features of mesopic vision and scotopic vision,including the chromaticity change,luminance change,and visual acuity loss.The system uses a source image under bright illumination as input.Then assuming that the viewer has already adapted to the new conditions,the color spectrum of the input image is reconstructed to replace the source with modifications of the chromaticity and the luminance of the relighted scene.A bilateral filter is used to simulate the visual acuity loss.The model parameters have clear physical meanings and can be obtained from experimental data to achieve realistic results.The algorithm can be used not only for visual perception simulation,but also as a day-for-night tool to produce realistic nighttime images from daytime images.     

Human inspired lighting control in robot systems with the intention of glare avoidance

This paper presents some human-inspired strategies for lighting control in a robot system for best scene interpretation,where the main intention is to avoid possible glares or highlights occurring in images. It firstly compares the characteristics of human eyes and robot eyes. Then some evaluation criteria are addressed to assess the lighting conditions. A bio-inspired method is adopted to avoid the visual glare which is caused by either direct illumination from large light sources or indirect illumination reflected by smooth surfaces. Appropriate methods are proposed to optimize the pose and optical parameters of the light source and the vision camera.     

基于线性透镜阵列的面结构光三维测量方法

面结构光测量无法处理类镜面物体由反光产生的强光区域,且无法提取物体在阴影区域里的有效信息,造成测量噪声大和测量数据不完整.基于正弦光栅的面结构光测量方法,提出一种基于线性透镜阵列的面结构光三维测量方法,通过在测量设备和被测量物体间加装线性透镜阵列,使得正弦光栅在竖直方向把一维的光线转化为一个二维反射光的光域,有效地解决了结构光在测量过程中存在的反光及阴影问题.经过理论分析与实验验证,该方法切实可行.     

光线跟踪生成三维真实感景物

将全局光照模型和球冠光源模型结合起来,利用光线跟踪算法实现了由CSG树定义的任意复杂物体的真实感图形生成,模拟了阴影、透明、反射等多种效果,生成的画面具有很强的真实感,并利用包围框大大减少了计算量。     

基于RGB比例空间的立体匹配算法

实际场景中, 由于光照条件不同, 使从不同角度获得的、对应同一场景的图像像素对的RGB 值不同,从而导致匹配错误, 为了改善此问题, 根据RGB 色彩模型, 形成RGB 比例空间, 提出基于RGB 比例空间的自适应权值算法。实验结果表明, 在光照条件不同时, 与传统的基于RGB 空间的匹配算法进行比较, 该算法可以得到更准确的视差图。     

新型液晶编码光栅立体视觉传感器

物体形面视觉测量中，为了获取更多且准确的图像对应信息，特别是立体像对的匹配信息，需要通过视觉传感器对测量图像进行调制．该文介绍了研究设计的新型液晶编码光栅形面测量视觉传感器，采用东福EDMl288液晶模块和光学投影照明系统，并且通过计算机通讯控制液晶编码，无机械运动，测量速度快，可得到大量三维测量点信息．实验验证，这种传感器可靠性高，可操作性强，且具有较高测量精度，三维测量点拟合平面的平均误差为0．103mm，可以实现物体的形面测量．     

Masking unveils pre-amodal completion representation in visual search

When one object is partly occluded by another, its occluded parts are perceptually 'filled in', that is, the occluded object appears to continue behind its occluder. This process is known as amodal completion. The completion of a partially occluded object takes about 200 ms, and pre-completion information (that is, information from before amodal completion has occurred) exists in the visual system for that duration. It has been suggested, however, that observers cannot make use of this information, even when it is beneficial to do so: visual search for a target that appears to be partly occluded, for example, is slower than for a target that does not undergo occlusion, despite both targets being physically identical. Here we show that visual search does have access to pre-completion representations, but only for a limited time that depends on the size of the occluded region.     

Tracking an object through feature space

Visual attention allows an observer to select certain visual information for specialized processing. Selection is readily apparent in 'tracking' tasks where even with the eyes fixed, observers can track a target as it moves among identical distractor items. In such a case, a target is distinguished by its spatial trajectory. Here we show that one can keep track of a stationary item solely on the basis of its changing appearance--specified by its trajectory along colour, orientation, and spatial frequency dimensions--even when a distractor shares the same spatial location. This ability to track through feature space bears directly on competing theories of attention, that is, on whether attention can select locations in space, features such as colour or shape, or particular visual objects composed of constellations of visual features. Our results affirm, consistent with a growing body of psychophysical and neurophysiological evidence, that attention can indeed select specific visual objects. Furthermore, feature-space tracking extends the definition of visual object to include not only items with well defined spatio-temporal trajectories, but also those with well defined featuro-temporal trajectories.     

Apparent surface curvature affects lightness perception

The human visual system has the remarkable capacity to perceive accurately the lightness, or relative reflectance, of surfaces, even though much of the variation in image luminance may be caused by other scene attributes, such as shape and illumination. Most physiological, and computational models of lightness perception invoke early sensory mechanisms that act independently of, or before, the estimation of other scene attributes. In contrast to the modularity of lightness perception assumed in these models are experiments that show that supposedly 'higher-order' percepts of planar surface attributes, such as orientation, depth and transparency, can influence perceived lightness. Here we show that perceived surface curvature can also affect perceived lightness. The results of the earlier experiments indicate that perceiving luminance edges as changes in surface attributes other than reflectance can influence lightness. These results suggest that the interpretation of smooth variations in luminance can also affect lightness percepts.